Major Types of Reproduction

Major Types of ReproductionMr. Hollanders 8th Grade Science Class11/17/12Mr. Hollander's 8th Grade Science ClassTypes of ReproductionWhat is Reproduction???Reproduction is the biological process by which new organisms (offspring) are produced (parent{s})It is a fundamental feature of all known life and every individual organism exists as the result of reproductionThere are two main types of reproduction:Asexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction

It Takes One to Make a Thing Go RightAsexual reproduction occurs when an individual can reproduce without involvement with another individual of that speciesThe offspring will be genetically the same as the parent (a copy) because there is no genetic material from another individualMost organisms that reproduce asexually are simple in natureSome examples include:Bacteria - Binary FissionSingle-Celled Organisms - MitosisFungus SporesStarfish Fragmentation

Asexual ReproductionThe GoodIt is faster in producing offspring when conditions are favorableIt is easier and uses very little energy as there is no finding of an acceptable mateIt is more reliable because there are less steps and less that can go wrongThe BadOffspring are genetic clones and a negative mutation can make organisms susceptible to disease/deathThe offspring can be close together and compete for resourcesSlow reaction to environmental changes and temperatures can quickly wipe out populationsAsexual Reproduction and MitosisMitosis is a step by step process in which a cell divides itself in half to make two identical copiesThere are a total of six phases of mitosisIt is important to realize that during mitosis the chromosomes/genetic material doesnt change but is simply a copy of the original

Asexual Reproduction Video

It Takes Two to Make a Thing Go RightSexual reproduction is the creation of an offspring by combining the genetic material of two organismsThe offspring that is created inherits genetic material from each parent and is genetically different from both parentsSexual reproduction is the primary method of reproduction for the majority of animals and plantsIt is believed that sexual reproduction evolved so that organisms could rapidly respond to changing environments and compete for limited resources

Sexual ReproductionThe GoodMore genetic variation allows for adaptations to occur more rapidly and change with the environmentSexual reproduction creates a more diverse population of offspring and leads to a survival of the fittest outcomeCreates new traits that can remove weaknesses within the species

The BadIt requires two healthy organisms to create a healthy offspringIt is more complicated due to additional stages in the process of fertilization of the two sex cells; or gametesSexual reproduction requires more energy than asexual reproductionSexual Reproduction and MeiosisIn meiosis, through a series of steps, one complete cell is divided into four cells with the number of chromosomes present in the original cellThese cells created through meiosis serve as sex cells, or gametesTwo gametes, through fertilization, fuse together and each contributes one half of the set of chromosomes needed for the new offsprings genotype

Sexual Reproduction Video

What You Need To Know In ReviewReproduction is the biological process by which new organisms (offspring) are produced (parent{s}) and is essential to all forms of lifeAsexual reproduction involves one individual and produces an offspring that is identical to the parent and involves the process of mitosisPositives: Fast, Easy and ReliableNegatives: Negative Mutation Stays Around, Competition in Small Area, Slow to ChangeSexual reproduction involves two organisms and produces an offspring that is genetically different from that of the parents and involves the process of meiosisPositives: Genetic Variation, Rapid Change with Environmental Features, Removes WeaknessesNegatives: Requires Two Organisms, More Complex, More Energy The End!!!