make tea not war
DESCRIPTION
Roelof TemminghZaCon 2009http://www.zacon.org.za/Archives/2009/slides/TRANSCRIPT
AGENDA
Whoami blah Paterva blah blah
Always wanted to do a talk on fun stuff
1. It’s a security con ? blah
2. UAVs, laser guided munitions The fun stuff
3. EXCLUSIVE – hold the press !! (South African) Facebook zero day !
Why do you ‘hack’? Information Control…leads to information
Controls are getting harder to break In proper assessment, 80-90% of time is spent on
intelligence gathering. Intelligence gathering is also
A port scan A Nessus scan… ..because we learn more about our target
INTELLIGENCE / INFO GATHERING
Threats are moving up the stack Network -> OS -> Application - - -> Person
YOU ARE PART OF THE STACK!
Understand the graph – volume and frequency
Everyone is talking malware….
Malware -> attacking the workstation Server in a server room vs. workstation with a person behind it For conventional malware traditional network mapping is
worthless
Focus in the past: find the server and perimeter (infrastructure foot print)
Thinking needs to be updated Now – person / company profiling -> the new foot print
PEOPLE, SOCIAL ENGINEERING AND MALWARE
Commercializing vulnerabilities
HACKERS VS. CRIMINALS
MAKING ZA STRONGER Don’t hack ... but if you really have to: Have good/right intentions -> !criminal
Never ever use what you found Don’t give SAP a reason to go look for you...
Mail your findings so that they can learn/fix ..not from your work - duh... Development is NOT easy, and they are not idiots! Treat with respect – ‘jy is volgende vettie!’
Don’t disrupt / destroy / delete anything (even if they gave you bad service)
‘Insider knowledge’ does not count... You are just an ass
Don’t share outside of SA Sanitize and share the knowledge/tech – locally
Don’t be a doos at international cons....
Slammer ‘secured’ more networks in a day than all the security consultants in a year Change only happens at the point of extinction Strongest piece of metal is at the breaking point A chain is as strong as it’s weakest member
UAVS
UAV == Unmanned aerial vehicle Think back to your model airplane
Let’s put a camera in there ! Let’s put a BB gun in there ! Let’s put a Hellfire missile in there !!
Different sizes Fixed wing / rotary Electrical / Fuel powered Used to be for recon, now also armed
UAVS
UAVS
Different altitudes 60k feet / 18km++ (Zephyr) 100 feet (hand launched) 747 flies at around 32-40k feet
Speed (max) 747 flies at around 900 km/h Predator MQ1 – 217 km/h Avenger, Global Hawk 750 km/h Prop vs. jet
Flying time Up to 82 hours ... Typical 30h ish
UAVS Initial idea 1980s, serious thought in 1990s Driving force behind it CIA
CIA pilots Most known / successful = General Atomic Predator - Series A
1995 RQ / MQ
Reaper - Series B MQ9 2002
Avenger - Series C Announced 2009
UAVS - PREDATOR
UAVS - REAPER
UAVS - AVENGER
UAVS – AVENGER SPECS
Jet engine Speed – 740 km/h Fly time – 20h Altitude – 60k feet / 18km Stealth - internal weapons bay, shape, materials,
exhaust RADAR / Optics / Targeting Payload – 1.3 tons of Hellfire / Paveway II/ JDAM
UAVS – COMMAND & CONTROL
Line of sight – C band (4 – 8 GHz) Satellite – Ku band (11 – 15 GHz)
Can be routed over commercial sats. NBC - 1983 3 crew members
Pilot Flying - looking through a straw
2 x sensor guys Difference in two scans : Tire tracks, movement
CAPTURING UAVS
If communications dies it flies home Self destruct ?
FOOTAGE
MATCHING WAR PORN TO GOOGLE EARTH EARTH
UAVS – PROBLEMS
Not a lot – it seems to kind of work well..
Ku band sucks in heavy weather Pray for rain
Lag of up to two seconds Like playing CS/CoD over a link made of wet towels and
barbed wire No dog fights!
Thus – send in the UAVs once air dominance has been established
SO, WE’RE PRETTY MUCH ...
LET’S JUST HIDE
Optics, infra red, RADAR Conceal, underground Rapid change in environment? The Chinese vs. American spy sat story Uhmm...next...
Weapons Bombs, missiles
LASER guided
So...it becomes a game of defending against laser guided munitions
HOW LASER GUIDED MUNITIONS WORK
Understand a little about light Light storage system == FAIL
Terminology Seeker = the bomb/missile Designator = guy / plane with the laser
‘Painting’ the target Invisible laser == you won’t see it..
Bomb vs. missile 28km,60km (spice) radius
PAINTING THE TARGET
LASER ON!
ENCODING
But - there could be multiple targets and multiple munitions
Seeker needs to know where it should go Thus – must be able to distinguish designators This is done by pulsing the laser
Fast Very fast
You won’t see it’s pulsing ... either.
Encoding PIM – Pulse Interval Module PRF – Pulse Repetition Frequency
PIM
PRF / PIM
Missiles are pre-programmed, or programmed on the fly.
PRF code is 3 digits. Does this make sense? Everyone should now be thinking...brute force But just hang on..
Testing it:
BTW - HOW DOES IT GET TO THE MUNITIONS?
Open protocol – on the ‘net MIL-STD-3014 - MiDEF == PDF for munitions In flight coding was introduced in 2008
DUDE, ERRR...NO.. VERY UN-COOL, DON’T PRESS THAT ...
AND THE OTHER SIDE OF THE EQUATION
DETECTION
See the light! We can detect the designator’s laser light
We know we are being targeted (like in the movies)...and run
We can decode the PIM/PRF We might know if we are a priority target – nice... Page 45 -6b: “Lower code numbers and faster
pulse rates are appropriate for the most important targets and the most difficult operating conditions.”
DETECTION
Laser warning sensor configured as a multi-sensor arrangement and interfaced with a suitable smoke/aerosol screening system can be used effectively on platforms
like main battle tanks, AFV, etc., to provide platform protection from laser-guided munitions. The development of this sensor is a totally indigenous effort,
both in design and implementation.
DETECTION
Can we determine the direction of the designator? Know where the special ops guy is sitting / plane Source or reflected light?
We might look at the divergence ?? Shape of the reflected light Know how far away the special ops guy is / plane
REPLAY
Sniff the light! Replay attack should work well...
You don’t even have to know what the designator says Does it makes sense to have a 256 number code? Why are PRF codes 393,424,515 and so on more popular? Americans are always thinking big (1000 missiles at a time)
Bomb does not speak .. One way comms So now it’s becoming interesting..
“WTF – DID IT JUST TURN THIS WAY?!”
.. replay the laser pulses ... ..and point it somewhere else...like.. ...at the designator (see previous slides)
Will this work when the designator is a plane? NOT “Page 46, Chapter 5 – Safety: c. Inversion. Caution
must be used when the laser-target line is over +30 degrees of the attack heading to ensure the LST or LGB does not detect and guide on the laser designator instead of the target‘s reflected laser energy.”
Oops..
JDAMS
Guidance retrofitted to dumb bombs GPS TV (with RF link) Inertial navigation system
Range up to 60km from drop, up to 12 control surfaces
Cheap – 21k USD compared to missiles at around 75k USD
WHY DO YOU HAVE THESE SLIDES AT THE CON ACTUALLY? AG, NO MAN REALLY...
On a more serious note... Same principles in attack (thinking) applies
It’s really just 1s and 0s Don’t think it’s too complex! If you ask the right questions, you can Google the
answers (Patents, specs, etc.)
Significantly complex tech is indistinguishable from magic.
Development of UAVs in non US countries is a big headache for the US...
QUESTIONS?
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WE USE THE MAGIC EMAIL ADDRESS...
..AND AWAY IT GOES!