II INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS TEXTBOOK UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO EST ADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO/ UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO

11MAY2017

MAKING DIGITAL MANIPULATIVES FOR MATHE-TEXTBOOKS: AN OVERVIEW OF THE NOWADAYS MAJOR USER-FRIENDLY SYSTEMS

Humberto Jose Bortolossi

http://www.professores.uff.br/hjbortol/

Universidade Federal Fluminense

CONTEXT

Portable devices like smartphones, tablets, and notebooks are increasingly cheap and, in consequence, increasingly popular.

More than just a substitute vehicle for access to traditional paper textbooks contents, literature has pointed to how the use of e­textbooks through this type of technology can potentially transform teaching and learning of mathematics (Pepin et al., 2016).

The Brazilian government's largest program of free distribution of Basic School textbooks (the PNLD program) requires competing publishers to deliver a digital version of the textbook with interactive resources.

PISA now includes computer-based assessments to measure digital proficiency to solve mathematical problems.

CONTEXT

If you are in a project to write an e-textbook ( or even a paper textbook) of Mathematics and you want to create digital manipulatives for it, how to make them? Who will make them?

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SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE MATEMATICA

Motivation: the free distribution of Android tablets for students in Public Schools.

CONTEXT

If you are in a project to write an e-textbook (or even a regular textbook) of Mathematics and you want to create digital manipulatives for it, how to make them? Who will make them?

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Motivation: to produce collaboratively textbooks of Mathematics with academic excellence and open license!

CONTEXT

Your textbook project could hire a specialized team of programmers. But ...

• This is very expansive ...

• Quite often, what you have asked them to do is not what you get (the same problem occurs with diagrams and pictures) ... Corrective interactions take a lot of time and patience.

• Who will update the digital manipulatives after the end of the contract?

• The programmers may be using a user-friendly system that you could be using too!

So, the focus of this talk is about user-friendly systems to make digital manipulatives.

USER-FRIENDLY SYSTEMS

If you wish your digital manipulatives run across different platforms, then your user-fi-iendly system should expo11 to HTML5 + JavaScript + WebGL (for 3D).

Big advantage: math notation using MathJax/KaTeX (with LaTeX syntax)!

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http://ProyectoDescartes.org http:/ /DescartesJS.org

http:// arq uim edes.m a tern. unam .mx/Descartes5/

License: LGPL (GNU Lesser General Public License)

Expression power: 2D and 3D diagrams, functions, bitmap images, sounds, videos, scripting, buttons, input fields, dropdown menus, etc.

Number of developers: 4.

Library size: 800 Kb (very robust and light).

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CINDERELLA

Geometry. Moth in Motion.

https ://www .cinderella.de http:/ /cindyjs.org

License: Apache 2. 0

Expression power: 2D and 3D diagrams, functions, bitmap images, scripting, buttons, sliders. It has a powerful math engine based on projective geometry.

Number of developers: 4.

Library size: ~400 Kb (very robust and light).

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GEOMETRY EXPRESSIONS

http://www.geometryexpressions.com http://euclidsmuse.com/

http:// geo metryexpressions. com/ gxwe b/

License: US$ 249.00 (but JavaScript files are free even for commercial use)

Expression power: 2D diagrams, functions, bitmap images, buttons, sliders. Powerful engine: constraint-based symbolic geometry!

Number of developers: 3 (?)

Library size: ~100 Kb (very robust and very very fast).

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GEOGEBRA

GeoGebra Dynamic Mathematics for Everyone

http://www.geogebra.org

License: free for non-commercial use. For commercial use (2015): $2.50

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10 000 books: US$ 5 000,00 by year

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GEOGEBRA

Ge Gebra Dynamic Mathematics for Everyone

http://www.geogebra.org

Expression power: 2D and 3D diagrams, functions, bitmap images, sounds, scripting, spreadsheet, statistical functions, buttons, sliders, checkboxes, dropdown menus.

Number of developers: 12 (GeoGebra has a large user community!)

Library size: ,..._,80000 Kb (very slow when the construction becomes a little bit complex; 3D: only simple shapes).

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Native Apps for Smartphones and Tablets

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There are JavaScript libraries for almost every topic in Mathematics!

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• •

CONCLUDING REMARKS

There are good (and free) user-friendly options to develop digital manipulatives to be used withe-textbooks and regular textbooks!

Such user-friendly software allow teachers (and even students) to modify and adapt the produced digital manipulatives accordingly their needs.

Even if you project has a dedicated programming team, user-friendly systems may be used to test ideas and, also, to give a better notion about what is expected.

Technology by itself does nothing. It is important to think about how to integrate it properly in textbooks to enhance learning. The best software in textbook publishing is, by far, the mind of a good author!

THANK YOU!