making renewable energy integration compatible with the ... · hydro-power 38.789 pumping...

Making Renewable Energy Integration Compatible with the Security ontheSystem

Making RenewableEnergy IntegrationCompatible with theSecurity of the System

November 20th 2015


Spanish Electrical System


System Operation:

Operate the grid & coordinate its uses with the generation facilities in order

to ensure the security and continuity of the electricity supply.

Transmission (Since 2007 as exclusive transmission company):

The development and the maintenance of the transmission facilities.

Provide maximum service reliability.

41.000 km of lines and 78.000 MW of transforming capacity.

FREE-

FLOAT

80%

SEPI: Spanish Stated Owned Holding Company

SEPI

20 %

SHARE CAPITAL (Closure 2014

19.240

27.551

33.47434.825

38.62840.369

41.232 42.008

1.009

1.031 1.284 1.523 1.618 1.633 1.646 1.668

719

1.801

2.9153.385

4.621 4.8655.054 5.216

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

45.000

2001 2003 2006 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

km de red Personas Posiciones

REE: Mission and Principles


REE: Transmission System


Wind 50.630

Solar PV 7.794

Solar CSP 4.959

Biomass 4.718

Hydro-power 38.789

Pumping Generation 3.684

Nuclear 54.925

Coal 41.140

Combined cycle 21.328

Fuel-Gas 0

Cogeneration and Waste 25.596

GENERATION 253.563

Wind20%

Solar PV3%

Solar CSP2%

Biomass2%

Hydro-power15%

Pumping Generation

2%Nuclear

22%

Coal16%

Combined cycle8%

Fuel-Gas0%

Cogeneration and Waste10%

∑ Energy without CO2 emissions ≈ 64% ∑ Renewable Energy ≈ 42%

Structure of the Accumulated Net Generation 2014


Win

dSo

lar

PV

CSP

% Demand coverageInstalled capacity

2014

2014

2014

20%

3%

2%

TOTAL

42%

FIRST ENERGY

SOURCE IN 2013,

SECOND IN 2014

TOTAL

42%

TOTAL

42%

Renewable Energy Evolution


Wind23%

Solar photovoltaic

4%Solar

thermoelectric2%

Hydro-power (1)19%

Renewable thermal

1%

Nuclear8%Coal

11%

Combined cycles25%

Fuel-Gas0%

Unconventional thermal

7%

Technology MW %

Wind 22.845 22.8

Solar photovoltaic 4.428 4.4

Solar thermoelectric 2.300 2.3

Hydro-power (1) 19.411 19.4

Renewable thermal 1.012 1.0

Nuclear 7.572 7.6

Coal 10.466 10.5

Combined cycles 24.945 24.9

Fuel-Gas 0 0.0

Unconventional thermal 7.075 7.1

Total 100.054 100.0

(1) Includes pumping power

Installed Capacity November 2015


Maximum coverage of the demand: 68.5%

(25/12/2013).

Minimum coverage: < 1 %

Maximum production: 17.056 MW (06/02/2013).

Minimum production of the last year: 157 MW

(08/12/2013).

Wind Power Becomes the Spanish Main Source of Energy


Demand coverage

Control and monitoring of

generation

Forecasts volatility and uncertainty

Perturbations response

Manageability

Participation in ancillary servicies

The Klaus Cyclone

Production

depending on

availability of

primary energy

resource

Challenges for Renewable Energy Integration


Small International exchange capacity Big difference between peak and off peak demand

Winter

Summer

Spain’s Main Challenges Integrating Renewables


Demand coverage: Wind Generation

Balance feasibility during off-peak hoursCorrelation with the demand


Wind and Solar PV: voltage dip protection

Tripping if wind speed is higher than 25

m/s.

Wind power variation on this day: 7.000

MW.

Compliance with PO 12.3:

Wind: Since January 1st 2008.

Solar PV: Since October 1st 2011.

Solar CSP: Good performance.

< 2% without fault-ride-through

capabilities according to PO 12.3

Wind: over-speed protection

The Klaus Cyclone

Technology Limitations


Wind Solar PV

Dispersion: Influence of Geographical Spread


Pillars to Success: Observability and Controllability


OBSERVABILITY

Real time

measurement

Production

forecast

Hot reserve evaluation

Dispatching

manageable generation

COUNTERACT

RENEWABLE

VARIABILITY

Avoiding demand

forecast errors

Reducing

System

Security

Increasing

reserves

Reducing

RE

Demand forecast

errors

Without a reliable

forecast

Without

measurement

Increasing Uncertainties

Real time

measurement

Production

forecast

Hot reserve evaluation

Dispatching

manageable generation

COUNTERACT

RENEWABLE

VARIABILITY

Avoiding demand

forecast errors

Observability


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Win

d P

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ucti

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SIPREÓLICO

Real Production

Market program

REE has an internal forecast of all wind parks: SIPREÓLICO

Total hourly forecast for next 10 days (update 1 hour).

Hourly forecasts for next 48 hours by region or transmission system node

(update 15 min.)

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Time 09/02/2009

Win

d P

rod

ucti

on

in

MW

SIPREÓLICO

Real Production

Market program

Wind Forecast Available to the CECRE


Heavy flows from the North

West to the center and East.

Low hydro and CC.

Influence of renewable energy integration in power flows

Heavy flows from the East to

the center and North. Low

hydro and CC.

Heavy flows from the East and

South-West to the center and

South. High hydro and CC.

November 3rd November 6th November 7th

Coping with power flows extraordinarily dependent on the weather conditions has fostered:

The development of the transmission network: refitting / building new facilities.

The improvement of the existing assets, through R&D projects (FACT, RTTR, Storage…).

Pillars to Sucess: Grid Development and Existing AssetsImprovement


Pillars to Success:Flexibility: Control Services and Renewables


Inside the framework of the Demo 1 of the TWENTIES project

Demos:

1.1. Voltage Control/Reactive power regulation

1.2. Active power regulation

Main objective:

On-site test of system control services provided by wind generation, based on new

operation strategies using improved systems, devices and tools.

Arcos tajo Hueneja Total

Participating 112 122 248 482

Total 321 327 521 1169

% 35% 37% 48% 41%

Control Services: Last Results


Voltage control

Voltage Control: RES Generation


Wind farms are able to:

Work coordinately in order to control the voltage in the point of common coupling in the

transmission grid, by means of a coordinated control with the SO. They can manage the voltage

profile in a 400 kV corridor.

Control their active power output in real time and in a coordinated way, complying the

secondary frequency regulation requirements (PSR) given by the SO.

Cost:

The additional technology that was used to provide this services have a low cost (lost of profit

aside), because the innovation lies in the development of new control algorithms and the

deployment of more powerful communication.

According to the analysis of the forecast system, the more wind farms are grouped and the

shorter the forecast period is, the smaller is the amount of energy that has to be spilled.

Active power control: Conditions for a high economic impact:

Systems in which up and down reserve constraints highly condition the resulting generation

scheduling.

High share of technologies that do not provide active power control (nuclear, other RES).

Low share of flexible generating sources, such as pumped storage hydro plants.

Control Services: Conclusions


Thanks for your attention

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