Making Safe and Drug-Free Decisions

Making Safe and Drug-Free Decisions

In your Teen Health textbook, the “Making Safe & Drug-Free Decisions”

unit is Unit 4 (Pages 266-339)

• Ch 11: Medicines and Drugs (269-295)

• Ch 12: Tobacco (296-317)

• Ch 13: Alcohol (319-339)

This presentation will focus on the topic of DRUGS

We have other separate lessons on:1. ALCOHOL and

2. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM & SMOKING

This slide show will cover:

1) Definitions

2) Classifying Drugs and Medicines

3) Types of Medicines

4) How Drugs enter the Body

5) Cycle of Addiction

6) Why People Use Drugs

7) Stimulants

8) Depressants

9) Hallucinogens

10) Narcotics

11) Marijuana (THC)

12) Club Drugs

13) Inhalants

PART 1:Definitions

What are DRUGS?

• Substances (other than food) that change the structure or function of the body or mind

Examples of

DRUGS:• Cough Medicine

• Tylenol

• Penicillin

• Blood Pressure Pills

• Alcohol

• Tobacco

• Crack Cocaine

• Marijuana

What is aPSYCHOACTIVE DRUG?

• Mind-altering drugs

• Drugs that affect a person’s mood or behavior

• Not all drugs are mind altering

Examples ofPSYCHOACTIVE

DRUGS:

• Alcohol & Depressants• Nicotine, Caffeine, Stimulants• Marijuana (THC)• LSD, PCP, and Hallucinogens• Heroin, Morphine, Narcotics• Club Drugs, Inhalants

What are MEDICINES?

• Drugs used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions

Examples of

MEDICINES:

• Insulin for Diabetes

• Advil for Headaches

• Polio Vaccine

• Rolaids for Upset Stomach

• Allegra for Allergies

What areSIDE EFFECTS?

Effects of a medicine other than the one intended

FOR EXAMPLE:

Aspirin may cause

stomach irritation

or allergy medicine

may make you

drowsy

What isDRUG USE?

Using a drug or medicine for its intended purpose

Examples ofDRUG USE:

• Taking Tylenol as directed for a headache

• Following a prescription of Insulin for Diabetes

• An adult having a glass of wine at dinner

What isDRUG MISUSE?

• Taking a drug which results in short-term, problems

• These problems might be mild or severe, depending on the drug

Examples ofDRUG MISUSE:

• Not following a prescription• Using someone else’s medicine• Taking too much of a drug• Getting drunk and acting foolish

What isDRUG ABUSE?

• Taking a drug which results in long-term problems

• Often permanent, severe, and fatal

Examples of

DRUG ABUSE:

• Drinking and driving

• Taking any illegal drug

• Being addicted to a drug

• Committing crimes to

support an addiction

PART 2:ClassifyingDrugs andMedicines

How are Medicines and Drugs classified?

1. OVER-THE-COUNTER

2. PRESCRIPTION

3. ILLEGAL

(1) Over-The-Counter Drugs:

• Can be purchased and taken without a written order from a doctor

• Examples: Alcohol, Tobacco, Caffeine, Aspirin, Tylenol, Rolaids, Robitussin, Neosporin

The government requires all over-the-counter drugs contain

information in a standardized,

consumer-friendly format. These "Drug

Facts" labels are similar in format to the Nutrition Facts label

for foods.

(2) Prescription Drugs:

• Can be sold and taken only with a written order from a doctor

• Examples: Insulin, Valium, Penicillin, Lipitor, Vicodin, etc.

If you are ever given a prescription for a drug, make

sure to read the label:

• See page 271 in the Teen Health textbook about Prescription Medicine Labels

• The next slide has a sample label to examine

(3) Illegal Drugs:

• Not legal to buy, sell, or use

• Examples: Heroin, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, LSD, PCP, etc.

Illegal drugs …

• Have no labels

• Have no instructions

• Have no safety information

• Have not been inspected by the government for quality and consistency of dose

QUESTION: Do all 3 of these categories of drugs have the

potential to be misused or abused?

• ANSWER:

• YES !!!

REMEMBER: Any drug can be

misused or abused… even if it is legal or

you have a prescription!

Just ask this guy!

QUESTION: Which of those three categories of drugs kills the most

people in the US each year?

• ANSWER:

• Over-The-Counter

REMEMBER: Tobacco and Alcohol kill over

500,000 people in the US each year!

That’s more than Heroin, Cocaine, Meth, LSD, PCP,

Crack, Drownings, Fires, Motor Vehicle Accidents, Suicides and Homicides …

combined !!!

PART 3:Types of

Medicines

Let’s look at a few types of medicines (pages 272-273)

• Vaccines

• Antibiotics

• Analgesics

• Anesthetics

(1) Vaccines:

• Vaccines prevent a person from developing a communicable disease

• A vaccine is a preparation of dead or weakened germs that cause a person’s immune system to produce antibodies

(1) Vaccines:

• We vaccinate children against Polio, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, etc.

• How has the invention of vaccines helped our society and affected the health of people all over the world?

(2) Antibiotics:

• Antibiotics reduce or kill harmful bacteria in the body

• The first antibiotic was penicillin.

• Ampicillin, amoxicillin and benzylpenicilllin are widely used today to treat a variety of infections.

(2) Antibiotics:

• You take antibiotics when you are currently sick. (Unlike vaccines, which you take before you ever get sick.)

• Both antibiotics and vaccines are Prescription Drugs

(3) Analgesics:

• Analgesics are drugs that relieve pain

• Common O-T-C examples:– Aspirin– Acetaminophen (Tylenol)– Ibuprofen (Advil, Midol)

(3) Analgesics:

• Common Prescription examples:– Oxycodone – Tramadol– Vicodin

• Why and how do people get addicted to pain relievers?

(4) Anesthetics:

• Drugs that allow doctors to do surgeries that would otherwise be too painful

• Can you imagine a having a cavity filled at the dentist or having your appendix removed without anesthesia?

(4) Anesthetics:

• LOCAL anesthetics numb only a small area of the body. You are still conscious.

• GENERAL anesthetics numb your entire body. You are not conscious.

PART 4:How Drugs

EnterThe Body

How can drugs enter the body?

1. Ingestion

2. Injection

3. Inhalation

4. Absorption

(1) Ingestion:

• Pills, capsules, tablets, or liquids which are swallowed

• Absorbed into the bloodstream in the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine

(2) Injection:

• Needle puts the drug directly into a vein, muscle, or skin

• Fastest way to get a drug into your bloodstream

• Drug is breathed in or inhaled

• Liquid mist or powder is absorbed into the blood through the sinuses or lungs

(3) Inhalation:

(4) Absorption:

• Ointments are applied to the skin

• Drug passes through the skin into the bloodstream

PART 5: Cycle Of Addiction

Cycle of Addiction:

• Many drugs, if taken often enough, can lead to addiction or physical dependence

• Addiction often follows a pattern or cycle…

The Cycle of Addiction Has Three Parts:

1. TOLERANCE:

3. WITHDRAWAL

SYMPTOMS:

2. ADDICTION:(Physical Dependence)

1. TOLERANCE:

•Your body becomes used to the effects of a drug

1. TOLERANCE:

After repeated doses, it takes more and more of the drug to achieve the same effect.

2. ADDICTION:

Your body and mind will not function normally unless the drug is taken.

2. ADDICTION:

Without the drug, the user will suffer painful withdrawal symptoms

3. WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS:

• Physical and mental reactions which occur when an addict does not take the drug

3. WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS:

May include nausea, vomiting, trembling, seizures, headaches, hallucinations, irregular heartbeat, and even death

Psychological Dependence:

In addition to being hooked physically, many users get addicted mentally and emotionally, too

Psychological Dependence:

• This makes it even more difficult to quit using drugs

• The user must break both the physical and psychological addiction!

Most young people don’t fully understand this when they start drinking, smoking, or using other drugs

They think: “I can quit any time I want!”

CAN THEY?

How can you tell if you are developing a problem?

Take the T.W.E.A.K. test on the next slide

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program

The T.W.E.A.K. Test­ T (tolerance) “How many drinks / how many pills / how

many hits can you hold?” A lot?­ W (worried) “Have close friends or relatives worried or

complained about your drinking/drugging in the past year?”

­ E (eye opener) “Do you sometimes take drugs or a drink in the morning when you first get up?”

­ A (amnesia) “Has a friend or family member ever told you about things you said or did while drinking or drugging that you could not remember?”

­ K (cut down) “Do you sometimes feel the need to cut down on your drinking and drugging?”

2

2

1

1

1

3 risky drug/alcohol use

PART 6:Why PeopleUse Drugs

Answer this question:Why do people take drugs?

• How many different reasons can we come up with as a class?

Why do people take drugs?

YOUR LIST MAY INCLUDE:– To rebel against authority

– To deal with pain– Poor self-esteem

– Stress, anxiety– Peer pressure

– To get buff– To be cool– Boredom

Why do people take drugs?

YOUR LIST MAY INCLUDE:– Medical reasons– To get energy and wake up– To relax, wind down– To deal with reality– To escape reality– To have fun– To fit in– Curiosity

Why do people take drugs?

Are there reasons you had on your list that were not included in the slide show?

Why do people take drugs?

• Except for “medical reasons” are any of these reasons valid or acceptable?

• Are any of the reasons OK?

Why do people take drugs?

• In other words, can you “fit in” or “rebel against authority” or “deal with stress” without using drugs and alcohol?

• Do the “Instead of Using Drugs” worksheet

The next seven sections of this lesson deal with various categories of psychoactive

(mind-altering) drugs

PART 7:Stimulants

7. Stimulants:

• Substances that speed up the brain and body activity

• Common examples:–Caffeine–Nicotine–Cocaine , Crack Cocaine–Amphetamines (Meth)

7. Stimulants:

• CAFFEINE is a mild stimulant found in coffee, tea, soda, and energy drinks

• Too much caffeine can be a problem. Just ask Phillip J. Fry

7. Stimulants:

• NICOTINE is a powerful stimulant found in tobacco

• Tobacco is linked to:–Heart Disease–Cancer–Stroke–Lung Diseases

7. Stimulants:

• COCAINE is a strong stimulant made from the leaves of the South American coca plant

• Often snorted in powder form or smoked or injected

7. Stimulants:

• CRACK is made from cocaine and is much stronger

• Usually smoked through a pipe

• Very addictive and dangerous

7. Stimulants:

• AMPHETAMINES are very strong man-made stimulants which are produced with various chemicals

• METH (Crystal) is a special form of amphetamine

7. Stimulants:

FACES

OF

METH

7. Stimulants:

Stimulant Abuse can lead to: Dizziness/Nausea Decreased

Appetite Body Tremors False Feelings of

Power Kidney Problems

7. Stimulants:

Stimulant Abuse can lead to: Irregular Heartbeat Loss of Coordination Psychosis, Brain Damage Anxiety, Panic Attacks Birth Defects Legal Problems, Jail Coma/Death

PART 8:Depressants

8. Depressants:

• Substances that slow down the brain and body activity

• Common examples:–Alcohol–Barbiturates–Tranquilizers–Sedative Hypnotics–Some Club Drugs

8. Depressants:

• ALCOHOL is the most widely-used depressant drug

• Found in beer, wine, hard liquor, etc.

• Over-the –counter if over 21 years old

8. Depressants:

• ALCOHOL causes many problems in society:–Car accidents–Violence and crime–Family problems–Alcoholism–Liver diseases–Cancers

8. Depressants:

• TRANQUILIZERS can help reduce stress and relax muscles

• Examples: Valium, Librium, Xanax

• Never mix with alcohol

• Addictive

8. Depressants:

• SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS are very strong drugs that bring on sleep

• Examples: Quaaludes, Ambien, Sonata, Lunestra, Sominex, Unisom

• Never mix with alcohol and they are addictive

8. Depressants:

• BARBITURATES are very strong depressant drugs used for several medical reasons

• Examples: Seconal, Nembutal, Amytal and Tuinal

• Much stronger than hypnotics and tranquilizers

• NEVER mix with alcohol

8. Depressants:

All depressant abuse risks are similar to alcohol abuse risks: Addiction Job, money problems Foolish behavior Poor decisions Eating, sleeping problems Accidents, injuries Overdose Birth defects Stop breathing, heartbeat Coma, death

PART 9: Hallucinogens

9. Hallucinogens:

• Drugs that distort or alter moods, thoughts, and senses

• Examples:–L.S.D.–P.C.P.–Mushrooms–Peyote

9. Hallucinogens:

• Hallucinogen Effects:–Five senses may

become intensified or mixed-up

–Delusions,–Hallucinations,–Stimulation, – Impaired judgment

and reasoning

9. Hallucinogens:

• LSD: very powerful man-made drug

• Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

• Often sold on blotters that appear like postage stamps

9. Hallucinogens:

• LSD: very strange unpredictable effects

• Flashbacks: effects of the drug recur days, weeks, or months later

• “Trips” can be very good or very bad

9. Hallucinogens:

• PCP: very dangerous drug known as “Phencyclidine”

• Called “Angel Dust”

• Often smoked, added to marijuana, or made into pills

9. Hallucinogens:

• PCP: often causes extreme reactions such as rage, anger, paranoia

• Numbs the skin, so people often get hurt on PCP and do not know it

• Police do not like folks on PCP

9. Hallucinogens:

• MUSHROOMS: certain types of mushrooms contain the drug “psilocybin”

• Not all mushrooms have this drug

• Many types of mushrooms are very poisonous

9. Hallucinogens:

• PEYOTE CACTUS: contains the drug “mescaline”

• Several cultures and religions still consider this cactus special or sacred

9. Hallucinogens:

Hallucinogen Risks:– Increased heart rate

or blood pressure, –Tremors, shaking –Lose coordination,–Sleeplessness, coma,– Incoherent speech,–Decreased sensitivity

to pain,

9. Hallucinogens:

Hallucinogen Risks:–Heart or lung failure, –Dry mouth, –Dilated pupils, –Psychological dependence,–Flashbacks–Birth defects–Coma, Death

PART 10:Narcotics

10. Narcotics:

• Drugs made from the Opium Poppy Flower which relieve pain

• Opium is used to make:– Paregoric– Codeine– Prescription pain medicines– Morphine– Heroin

10. Narcotics:

• All opium-based drugs are extremely addictive!

• Codeine and Paregoric prescribed sometimes

• Morphine: Only in extreme cases of pain

• Heroin: Illegal, almost no medical uses

10. Narcotics:

• PAREGORIC: is a mild narcotic used to treat digestive problems

• Taken by mouth as a liquid

• Prescription only

10. Narcotics:

• CODEINE: stronger narcotic pain reliever

• In prescription cough medicines

• Often combined with Tylenol or other drugs in a prescription pill

10. Narcotics:

NARCOTIC PAIN RELIEVERS which are often prescribed (and abused) in pills include:

– DEMEROL (meperidine)– VICODIN (hydrocodone)– LORTAB (hydrocodone)– PERCOCET (oxycodone)

10. Narcotics:

• MORPHINE: powerful pain reliever over 10 times stronger than codeine

• Given to patients after major surgery or people with terminal illnesses, such as cancer

10. Narcotics:

• HEROIN is several times stronger than morphine

• Cooked up and usually injected intravenously

• Not legal, almost no medical uses

10. Narcotics:

NARCOTICS Risks:

• Dizzy, lose balance• Loss of coordination• Confusion• Sleepy• Itchy skin• Kidney and liver

damage• Birth defects

10. Narcotics:

NARCOTICS Risks:

• Pass out• Criminal activity • Collapsed veins• Tolerance, addiction and

withdrawal cycle• Infections at injection site• Diseases from sharing

needles• Overdose, death

PART 11: Marijuana (THC)

11. Marijuana (THC)

• Comes from the Cannabis sativa plant

• The flowering leaves of the plant have an oil or resin with THC (delta 9- tetrahydocannabinol

11. Marijuana (THC)

• THC is the substance in Marijuana which is mind-altering

• Marijuana is usually smoked but can be eaten

• THC can be taken in pill form

11. Marijuana (THC)

Hash/Hashish - Concentrated form of marijuana made by compressing marijuana resins into small blocks.

11. Marijuana (THC)

• Marijuana use is illegal

• Marijuana use is psychologically addictive

11. Marijuana (THC)

Marijuana is sometimes prescribed to help patients deal with the pain and nausea of cancer and other diseases.

11. Marijuana (THC)

MARIJUANA RISKS:

• Reduces memory• Slows reaction time• Poor coordination• Impaired judgment• Reduced ambition• Panic attacks• Lung and heart damage

11. Marijuana (THC)

MARIJUANA RISKS:

• Increase appetite• Lower body temperature• Hormone levels affected• Birth defects• Psychological dependence• Family problems• Legal problems

PART 12:ClubDrugs

12. Club Drugs

• Drugs associated with concerts, clubs, and raves

• Common club drugs:– Rohypnol– GHB– Ketamine– Ecstasy– Alcohol, Marijuana, Meth

and LSD and others

12. Club Drugs

• Many club drugs have no color, odor, or taste

• DRUG SLIPPING: The practice of placing a drug in someone’s food or drink without their knowledge

• Why is this done?

12. Club Drugs

• Drug Slipping is done to make a person pass out or become defenseless

• Both men and women could potentially:– Have stolen keys, money,

jewelry, credit cards– Be kidnapped, killed– Be sexually assaulted

12. Club Drugs

• ROHYPNOL: Depressant drug, also called Roofies

• Commonly used as a date rape drug (pill, powder, liquid)

• Victim often passes out and often has no memory or recollection of the event

12. Club Drugs

• GHB: depressant drug also called Liquid X and Georgia Home Boy (Gammahydroxybutrate)

• Also used as a date rape drug (pill , powder, liquid)

• Very dangerous when mixed with alcohol

12. Club Drugs

• KETAMINE: Anesthetic used on animals by veterinarians

• Often snorted or injected and abused at clubs

• Can cause hallucinations, numbness, stop your breathing, coma, death

12. Club Drugs

Ketamine, Rohypnol, and GHB all have similar risks– Dizziness, nausea, vomiting– Falling down, passing out– Defenseless victim– Depressed breathing and

heart rate– Seizures– Memory loss– Coma, death

12. Club Drugs

• ECSTASY: (MDMA) Both a dangerous stimulant and a hallucinogen

• Probably the most abused drug at clubs and raves (along with alcohol)

12. Club Drugs

• ECSTASY: One of the most dangerous illegal drugs

• Usually taken in colorful, stamped pill form

• Also called “E” “X” and “XTC”

12. Club Drugs

ECSTASY: Risks:–Eating problems–Altered Sleep–Very tired–Sadness, midweek blues–Memory Loss–Lack of Attention and

Concentration

12. Club Drugs

ECSTASY: More severe risks– Dehydration– Exhausted, pass out– Hyperthermia (106 oF)– Seizures– Increased Heart Rate– Kidney Failure– High Blood Pressure– Heart Failure, death

PART 13: Inhalants

13. INHALANTS:13. INHALANTS:

Inhalants are breathable chemical vapors that produce mind altering effects.

Also called “huffing”

13. INHALANTS:13. INHALANTS:

Inhalants are often abused because they are readily available, inexpensive, and can be found almost anywhere.

Different types of inhalants:

Solvents

GasesNitrites

13. INHALANTS:13. INHALANTS:

Inhalants are ingested into the body by breathing in the vapors of the product.

Use of a Bag

Use of a Rag

Pressurized Containers

13. INHALANTS:13. INHALANTS:

Household items are often abused:

Glue/Rubber CementWhite-outAerosols/Hair SprayToxic Markers Gasoline/PropaneRoom Odorizers

13. INHALANTS:13. INHALANTS:

Use of inhalants can cause serious long term damage:

Sight/Vision DisordersLiver DamageKidney DamageBone Marrow DamageBrain DamageParalysis/Death

What should the last

few slides say?

If you don’t get it yet, the joke’s on

you!