making sure messages reduce stigma and do not...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize
Anne Stangl, PhD
SARDM Grantees Media Training: World Bank
December 4, 2008
![Page 2: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Presentation Overview
• Unintended consequences of HIV-media messaging
• How media messages can stigmatize• Stigma-reduction messaging fundamentals• Examples & Discussion• Questions and Answers
![Page 3: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
“Because reporting on HIV and AIDS ultimately deals with matters of life and death, and because many people will form their understanding of HIV and AIDS through the media, the story must be approached with clarity, precision, and sensitivity”.
Reporting Manual on HIV/AIDSKaiser Family Foundation
http://www.kff.org/hivaids/7124-02.cfm
![Page 4: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Unintended Consequences of HIV-related Media Messaging
![Page 5: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Media and Stigma
• Language can maintain and reinforce stigma and discrimination
• Photographs, illustrations and videos can propagate stereotypical images/ideas that reinforce stigma
• Providing general HIV awareness without also providing stigma-specific messages can increase stigma
![Page 6: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Stigmatizing Language
![Page 7: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Incorrect Terminology*
*UNAIDS Preferred Language for Reporting on HIV and AIDS
Unprotected sex Risky sex
RiskRisk group
This is a value judgment and should be avoided
Promiscuous
HIVAIDS (only when referring to AIDS)HIV and AIDS
HIV/AIDS
HIVAIDS virusCorrect TerminologyWrong Terminology
![Page 8: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Example 1
Sexual promiscuity is the primary cause of the spread of HIV/AIDS
Unprotected sexual intercourse with an HIV-infected person is the primary
cause of the spread of HIV
![Page 9: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Example 2
To this date there is no adequate treatment for AIDS
To this date, there is no cure for HIV infection.
![Page 10: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Insensitive Language*
*UNAIDS Preferred Language for Reporting on HIV and AIDS
Died of AIDS-related illnessDied of AIDS, to die of AIDS
Person with HIVAIDS victim or AIDS sufferer
Person living with HIVAIDS/ HIV carrier
People living with HIVPositives or HIVers
Person living with HIVHIV patient, AIDS patient
People living with HIV or Person with HIV
PLHA or PLWHA
PreferredStigmatizing
![Page 11: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Insensitive Language* (cont’d)
*UNAIDS Preferred Language for Reporting on HIV and AIDS
Children orphaned by AIDSAIDS orphans
Do not use Innocent (victim)
Do not useContaminated
Person living with HIVSufferer
Person living with HIVVictim
PreferredStigmatizing
![Page 12: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Example 3: Article from India
• “The objective of the game show is to reduce stigma and discrimination towards the people living with HIV/AIDS through awareness to the masses...It aims to reduce the increasing infection of people of the south east Asia by the dreaded HIV/AIDS…”
![Page 13: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Stigmatizing Images
![Page 14: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
“I also watch the TV, which broadcasts programs…showing many [persons with HIV]. They look disgusting. Only getting [HIV] such as shown on TV is frightening, but if you are [HIV] positive and healthy like me, there is nothing to be afraid of. They said that persons who get [HIV] should be sent to something like a concentration camp to live together, they should not[be] let outside.”
(Woman living with HIV, Viet Nam)
![Page 16: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Stigmatizing Posters from Viet Nam
Drug-AIDS, scourge of the century
Stay away from drugs
![Page 17: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Positive Images
![Page 18: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Examples: Public Service Announcements
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/whatwedo/where/asia/india/2008/04/080407_india_hiv_project_millionaire_psa_video.shtml
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/whatwedo/where/asia/cambodia/2008/04/080407_cambodia_hivaids_mch_project_srey_pov_video.shtml
![Page 20: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Lack of Stigma-specific Messaging
![Page 21: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Example: Reducing HIV Stigma among Chinese Americans
• Messages were intended to increase awareness about HIV in general and enhance communication about HIV
• No stigma specific messages developed • HIV awareness messages ended up
increasing shame and blame
![Page 22: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Stigma Reduction Messaging Fundamentals
![Page 23: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Three immediately “actionable” causes– Awareness & knowledge of stigma– Fear of casual contact– Values linking People Living with HIV with
behaviors considered improper or immoral• Best to address all 3 causes, instead of
focusing on a single cause
Address the Causes of Stigma
![Page 24: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pair HIV Knowledge with Stigma-Specific Messages
• Providing HIV knowledge alone can lead to fear
• Discuss the facts about how HIV can and cannot be transmitted
• Dispel local myths and fears about HIV transmission
• Include stigma-specific messages
![Page 25: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Summary
• Use correct terminology • Use non-stigmatizing language and
images• Portray people with HIV living positively,
not depressed or ostracized
![Page 26: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Summary (cont.)
• Address all 3 causes of stigma• Address fears that are specific to your
context• Include stigma-specific messages in
along with HIV awareness messages
![Page 27: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Sharing Time
• For those who participated in the videoconference in September: – How did you use the information you
learned?– What key lessons do you have to
share?
![Page 28: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Example: Utilizing Media to Reduce Stigma and Discrimination
• Short film – Drik Picture Library Ltd– Dhaka, Bangladesh
• Jeevani Selvamalar
![Page 29: Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not …siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/...Making Sure Messages Reduce Stigma and do not Stigmatize Anne Stangl, PhD SARDM](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c0248c1e9ca161d00f048/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Thank you!