making the case for refactoring to non-technical managerslet's do some more math... $25,000...
TRANSCRIPT
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Making the Case for Refactoring to Non-Technical
Managers
Adam JudaTapRun, LLC
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Who am I?
Adam Juda, MSE, MBA, PMP
● Programmer● Project Manager● Consultant ( TapRun, LLC )
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Outline
● What's technical debt?● How to ask● Whom to ask● When to ask● Q&A
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What is technical debt?
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Bad software
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No coherent design Bad documentation Slow build process
Broken tests Huge classes High cyclomatic complexity
Huge method signatures Duplicated code Not following style guide
Large methods Tight coupling Low cohesion
Low maintainability Low reliability Low scalability
How is it bad?
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Traditional view of technical debt
Behind Schedule
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Traditional view of technical debt
Behind Schedule Incur Debt
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Traditional view of technical debt
Behind Schedule Incur Debt
Reduced Productivity
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Traditional view of technical debt
Behind Schedule Incur Debt
Not Enough Time
Reduced Productivity
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Traditional view of technical debt
Behind Schedule Incur Debt
Not Enough Time
Reduced Productivity
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Traditional view of technical debt
Behind Schedule Incur Debt
Not Enough Time
Reduced Productivity
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Seven common approaches
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Approach #0: I wanna (aka the mountain)
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No.
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Approach #1: Complaining
● It's painful to work with.● We gotta, it's gross!● The code smells...
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Stop whining.
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Approach #2: Begging
Please! I'll work extra hard for you.Let me fix the code!
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A favor? Hmm...
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Approach #3: Making analogies
● A car that hasn't had an oil change● A fishtank that hasn't been filtered● A litter box that hasn't been emptied
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An employee who wants to get fired
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Approach #4: Quantitative analysis
The code has a cyclomatic complexity of 40!
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...
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Húsið er á eldinn!
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Your house is on fire!
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Approach #5: Hypotheticals
● Morale might go down● Our software might crash● We might be late
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Everything might be fine.
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Approach #6: Be a ninja!
AKA "Be a Professional"
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What would you say you do here?
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Technical debt: Another definition
A trade-off made in order to meet a business objective
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"If you are involved in a game, everything ends up being a set of
trade-offs."-- Gabe Newell
(co-founder of Valve)
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$field1 = '/^def*re+o?/';
preg_match($field1, $field2, $field3, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, 3);
$field3 == $non_field + $field_field ? 7 : 3;
$ro->sn($field3 . $field1).extt(4, $pep);
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"Business staff thinks we can load up technical debt because they never truly see the
consequences."
-- Steve McConnell
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"But those consequences are there… they are just never expressed in a way that the business
staff can engage with."
-- Steve McConnell
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$ $$$Refactor
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But I'm just a programmer!
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http://xkcd.com/303/
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Step #1: Gather information
● Labor - $200/hr● Build process - 2 hrs● Builds / year - 100● Time to rewrite: 40 hrs
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Step #2: Calculate the costs
Cost to fix = $200 * 40 hours
= $8,000
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Refactor$8K ?
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Step #3: Calculate the benefits
Savings = $200 * 2 hrs * 100 builds
= $40,000
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Refactor$8K $40K
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Dollarize when possible
● Labor● Server time● Risk of rework● Employee morale?
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DebtThe Scrum ^ Backlog
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The case for debt
● Debt Name: ____________________● Date: _________________________● Short Term Savings: _____________● Long Term Cost: _________________● Cost to Repair: __________________● Notes: _________________________
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There's an unexpected benefit...
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Under 3 minutes?
Just do it.
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Whom should you ask?
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Whom should you ask?
● Controls resources● Will receive substantial value
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Let's do some more math...
● $25,000 extra to each project● 100 projects use it● $75,000 to refactor
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Cost to fix: $75,000
Savings: $25,000 * 100 == $2.5 million
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Refactor$75K $2.5M
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Refactor$75K $2.5M
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● $25,000 extra to each project● 100 projects use it● $75,000 to refactor
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Refactor$75K $25K
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Project managers vs product owners...
● Productivity?● Morale?● Maintenance costs?● User satisfaction?● Long-term strategy?● Long-term risk?
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When should you ask?
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What others say...
● At the beginning of a project● At the end of a project● When technical debt is highest
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What I say
● When payback time is smallest● When payback will be obvious● When ROI is largest
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ROI
Flagship software Discontinued
software
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For some values of $1:$1 != $1
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Traditional view of technical debt
Behind Schedule Incur Debt
Not Enough Time
Reduced Productivity
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Improved view of technical debt
Debt Worth it? Incur Debt
Pay Debt(if worth it)
Increased Successes
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This won't work well if...
● Lack of trust / honesty● Arbitrary constraints● Unwillingness to improve● Incentive not to improve
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The five levels of debt monetization
Level 0: Establish open communication
Level 1: Communicate business goals
Level 2: Present options
Level 3: Dollarize options
Level 4: Groom & optimize
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Summary
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● Technical debt isn't always bad● Find the right section of code● Find the right person● Speak to his incentives● Speak at the right time
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Backup Slides
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Martin Fowler's types of debt
Reckless
Deliberate
Prudent
Inadvertent
No time for design
The consequences are worth it
What's layering?
Only now do we understand it
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Martin Fowler's types of debt
Reckless
Deliberate
Prudent
Inadvertent
No time for design
The consequences are worth it
What's layering?
Only now do we understand it
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No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering
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In a matrix environment...
You can tax the projects
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ROI
Cost
Worthwhile
Not worthwhile
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Debt Removal
Added Value
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Debt Removal
New Functionality
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Estimating with uncertainty
(optimistic +
4* average +
pessimistic) / 6