making the invisible visible: od practitioners’ interactive drama in forming a sense of...
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Making the Invisible Visible: OD Practitioners’ Interactive Drama
In Forming a Sense of Professional Identity
Donna M. Wocher, PhDFielding Graduate University, AU/NTL
OD Network Student Awards ColloquiumNovember 1, 2011
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Significance of the Study
• No license or specific degree is required
• Growing number of niches
• Overlapping professional identities
• Scant research on how OD practitioners form professional identity
11/1/2011 2Copyright 2010. All rights reserved. Donna Wocher, PhD.
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Research Question
How do organization development practitioners form a sense of professional identity and what are the challenges and dilemmas they must manage to do so?
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How is identity being defined in this study?
Symbolic Interactionism (SI)
• Identity is socially constructed
• Interaction or “talk” with others
• Open to negotiation and reconstructionMead
BlumerCooley
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What kind of professional identity?(organization development practitioners)
• Engaged in activities to solve problems using behavioral scientific knowledge, theory and techniques with aim of making organization more effective
• Conduct detailed analysis and dispense advice, remedies, and recommendations to leaders, managers, employees within organizations
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What theories of identity are framing this study?
Dramaturgical Framework (theater)
• Actors on a stage– “giving off” signals and behaviors – employing rhetoric and props – using norms and expectations– engaging in surface and deep
acting
Hochschild, 1983Goffman, 1975Burke, 1962
Phenomenological Sociology
• Life-worlds
• Coordinating meaning making
• Typifications
• We-relationship
Schutz, 1970Schutz & Luckmann, 1973Berger & Luckmann, 1966
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Research Approach and Methods
• Phenomenological Sociology (Schutz)– Varieties of life-worlds– Intersubjective and co-created– Individuals are always coordinating actions through shared stocks-of-
knowledge and typifications to achieve specific goals or outcomes
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Key Concepts on Identity
• Socially constructed• Negotiated and re-negotiated• Coordinated meaning-making with others
(we-relationships)• “Giving-Off” signals and behaviors• Using typifications and stocks-of-knowledge
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What is already known about identity formation of OD practitioners and others?
• Gottlieb (1997)– factors in role conduct
• Michas (2007)– personal account
• Management Consultants• Counselors and Therapists
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Study Sample
Selection Criteria• Minimum 3 yrs experience• Master’s degree • Professional association
Sample Recruiting• Nominations from faculty &
students• Peer & self-nominations• Conference & regional meetings
Sample Characteristics• Eleven women• Five men• Nine internal practitioners• Seven external practitioners• Ten worked in for-profit• Four worked in not-for-profit• Two cited working in both kinds• Master’s degrees (16)• PhD degrees (2)• Years of practice ranged three to nine
years (mode eight)
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Data Collection
1) one to two-hour open-ended interview in person or by telephone
2) picture and/or description of the symbolic object representing their identity
3) attitudinal survey to measure salience or importance of identity (Twenty Statement Test)
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Data Analysis• Recorded interviews were transcribed
• Interpretive method (fundamental meaning units were assigned a code)
• Used gerunds to ensure “how” participants were enacting their identity as opposed to “what”
• Compare and contrast all 16 summary tables (group and code)
• Went back to literature and added additional frameworks and models
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Results and Findings
Challenges and dilemmas left unresolved threatened and weakened commitment to the performance of OD role and resulted in feelings of disorientation and anxiety
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Challenges
• Credible and visible to clients• Define nebulous field • Handle internal emotions related to role
performance• Make distinctions between OD, employee
relations, and training• Paycheck or norms• Age – signifier of competency
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Meaning-Making ToolsTangible (Instrumental)
self assessments, surveys, flowcharts, data summaries, and so on
educative materials and dog & pony shows
Intangible (Expressive) elevator speeches, provocative one-liners, stories expressive tactics ~ commanding presence, assertive
tones, confident directives
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Performance Genres (character types)
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Healer ShamanHealing Something that is Broken
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Metrics MaverickIllustrating Value
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Systems DesignerMaking Systems Visible and More Effective
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Analyst OracleUncovering Core Issues
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Truth Sayer-SageDiscussing the “Undiscussable”
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Self-Awareness AllyCreating Client Self-Awareness
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Performance Genres (character types)
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Performing and Forming
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OD Practitioner Identity Formation Continuum
Orientation
• Accumulate knowledge• Sell services• Calm internal feelings• Genuine confidence• Minimize or eliminate threats• Provide confirmation• Find niche
Disorientation
• Acquire clients • Sell OD using academic language• Oscillating anxiety and courage• Feigning confidence• Encounter threats to identity• Dependent on confirmation • Search for fit
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Findings• Phases that OD practitioners experience in forming a sense of professional identity
• Identification and use of a variety of meaning making tools used by OD practitioners with clients in negotiating and simultaneously laying claim to the role of the OD practitioner
• Verification feedback from clients strengthened commitment to and the importance of the OD practitioner role while lack of confirmation from clients weakened identity formation of the OD practitioner role
• Conundrum of engaging in unethical work that violated the norms of the field in order to establish a track record and gain credibility
• Clinical Supervision
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Limitations
• Sample limited in diversity• Qualitative interpretation • Face-to-face and voice-to-voice
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Future Research
• Critical moment or junctures (disoriented/oriented)
• Movement of identity formation over the life/career span
• Client perspective
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Questions
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Contact Information
Donna M. Wocher, PhDIdentity FuturesCreative Director and Founder
Wocher Signature Style Assessment (beta)[email protected]
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Thank You!
Donna M. Wocher, PhDFielding Graduate University, AU/NTL
OD Network Student Awards ColloquiumNovember 1, 2011