makocigre_2015 power factor correction at tvl

7/23/2019 MakoCIGRE_2015 Power Factor Correction at TVL

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Power Factor Correction at TimeVariant Load in Presence ofDistortions

29 September, 2015Orid

9t Conference of te !acedonian

"ationa# Committee in te$nternationa# Co%nci# on Lar&e '#ectricS(stems ) !*+O C$-'2. to 29 September, Orid

$#/as $#/ai, #ato "io#o3si, !i#e

!aro3ic, #ato +rste3si, *#a/din*bai



$ntrod%ction

• '#ectricit( is a speci4c prod%ct wic need to meetcertain %a#it( re%irements de4ned in te '%ropeanstandard '" 50160, '"61000787. and '"610007870:

• ;armonic distortion is a de3iation of a c%rrent or

3o#ta&e wa3eform from a perfect sin%soida# pro4#e:• Te c%rrent armonics in nonsin%soida# sit%ations can

be e3a#%ated %sin& te $''' Standard 185972010:

• "on7#inear #oads, s%c as power s%pp#ies and car&e

contro##ers, c%rrent distortion is 3er( common d%e tote %se of power e#ectronics switces to con3ertpower from an *C to a DC form:

2



• For an ind%str( optim%m performance,name#( cost7e<cient prod%ction is ofprimar( interest: Terefore, from tis point

of 3iew, an( in3estment in te powers%pp#( is a#wa(s seen as a cost: Tisapp#ies in partic%#ar to Power FactorCorrection and at same time inc#%din&

Power =%a#it( e%ipment, wic is /%sti4edon#( if it enab#es increased prod%ction orener&( sa3in&s:



'#ectrica# Load C#assi4cation and

T(pes

Te '#ectrica# Load is te part or component in a circ%ittat con3erts e#ectricit( into #i&t, eat, or mecanica#motion:

*ccordin& To Load "at%re C#assi4cation of '#ectrica# #oad>

Linear '#ectrica# Load7 -esisti3e '#ectrica# Loads

7 Capaciti3e '#ectrica# Loads

7 $nd%cti3e '#ectrica# Loads

7 Combination '#ectrica# Loads

"one7Linear '#ectrica# Load

8



Te ma/or di?erences betweenLinear and "on7#inear Loads

5



'#ectrica# Load C#assi4cation*ccordin& To Load Operation Time

Time $n3ariant @T$A Load

- Time in3ariant #inear and

- Time in3ariant non#inear #oad

Time Variant Load

Time 3ariant e#ectric #oads, B%ct%atin& aro%nd

teir nomina# point, ca%se B%ct%ations a#so ofc%rrent and power:

6



Time Variant Load

Te transformation to a time7in3ariant e%i3a#entcirc%it in man( cases is a wron& approac:

Te 3ariances on te oter and contrib%te for te

&eneration of dist%rbances in te power s%pp#(s(stem:

-es%#ts for bot penomena deri3e from a rea#ind%str( s(stem and is 3a#idated b( meas%rementsfor tree7pase s(stem: !eas%rements are doned%rin& a da( wit a norma# prod%ction:

!eas%red data %sed to 4nd so#%tion forcompensation:

.



"one7Linear '#ectrica# Load

• 'amp#e> "on#inear #oad, compact B%orescent#amp @CFLA 20, wa3e sape, tota# armonicdistortion @T;D$A 105E and fre%enc( ana#(sis of

e#ectric c%rrent:



$''' 1859

Te de4nitions for acti3e, reacti3e, and apparent powers tatare c%rrent#( %sed are based on te now#ed&e de3e#opedand a&reed on d%rin& te 1980s: S%c de4nitions ser3ed te

ind%str( we##, as #on& as te c%rrent and 3o#ta&e wa3eformsremained near#( sin%soida#:

Tere is not (et a3ai#ab#e a &enera#ied power teor( tatcan pro3ide a sim%#taneo%s common base for

•'ner&( bi##in&

•'3a#%ation of e#ectric ener&( %a#it(

•Detection of te ma/or so%rces of wa3eform distortion

• Teoretica# ca#c%#ations for te desi&n of miti&atione%ipment s%c as acti3e 4#ters or d(namic compensators

9

IEEE Standard Defnitions or the Measurement o Electric

Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal,Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions



Sin%soida# Conditions

Sin%soida# 3o#ta&e so%rce

S%pp#(in& a #inear #oad,

wi## prod%ce a sin%soida# c%rrent>

• *cti3e power @A

• -eacti3e power @3arA

• *pparent power @V*A

• Power factor

10

cos P VI θ =sinQ VI θ =

S V I = × 2 2S P Q= + P

PF S

=

( )2 sinv V t ω =

( )2 sini I t ω θ = −



"onsin%soida# Conditions• *pparent power @V*A

• *cti3e power @A

• F%ndamenta# acti3e power @A

• ;armonic acti3e power @nonf%ndamenta# acti3e

powerA @A• F%ndamenta# reacti3e power @3arA

• F%ndamenta# apparent power @V*A

• Power factor

11

Tota# armonic distortion of te 3o#ta&e Tota# armonic distortion of te c%rrent

er factorG Disp#acement factor Distortion factor

1

1 1

1

cos P

PF S

θ = =

2

1 1

1 H

v

V V THD

V V

= = − ÷

2

1 1

1 H

i

I I THD

I I

= = − ÷

1 H P P P = +

1 1 1 1sinQ V I θ =

1 1 1 1 1 1

1cos

kT

P v i dt V I kT

τ

τ

θ

+

= =∫

1 1 1S V I = ×

S V I = ×

1

2 2 2

1 1S P Q= +

P PF

S =



PFC

• "on#inear #oad, compact B%orescent #amp @CFLA 20, witinte&rated PFC, wa3e sape, tota# armonic distortion@T;D$A :2E and fre%enc( ana#(sis of e#ectric c%rrent:

12



L6562, te STHs Transition !ode @T!A contro##erfor i& Power Factor Corrector sta&es

• Iesides pro3idin& &ood res%#ts in term of power factor, tis$C considerab#( red%ces te Tota# ;armonic Distortion@T;DA> an inno3ati3e circ%it impro3es te bea3ior of tes(stem red%cin& te cond%ction dead7an&#e tat occ%rs tote *C inp%t c%rrent near te ero7crossin&s of te #ine3o#ta&e main& easier te comp#ianc( wit re&%#ation:

1



Ioost Con3erter

• * boost con3erter @step7%p con3erterA is a DC7to7DC power con3erter wit an o%tp%t 3o#ta&e&reater tan its inp%t 3o#ta&e: Since power @P GV$A m%st be conser3ed, te o%tp%t c%rrent is #ower

tan te so%rce c%rrent:

18



15



Ioost Con3ertor !odes of Operation

• Te boost con3ertor is te most pop%#ar topo#o&( %sed inPFC app#ication:

• Power factor Correction @PFCA is mandated b( $'C 61000772standard

16



Operation in Critica# Cond%ction!ode PFC

1.



$''' 185972010

• !eas%rements are made wit rea#ied instr%ment formeas%rin& e#ectrica# power at nonsin%soida# conditions,%sin& de4nitions of e#ectrica# power accordin& $'''1859J2010 standard>

1



!eas%rements Knder "onsin%soida#Conditions

•

D*= 7 Data ac%isition• Virt%a# $nstr%mentation

19



!eas%rements accordin& Std: $'''1859

20



• Tis desi&ned instr%ment satisf( te re%irements of standard$'C 61000787.:

• Te instr%ment is rea#ied %sin& a 28 bit ana#o& J di&ita#con3erters as inp%t mod%#es for 3o#ta&es and c%rrents and tesoftware was de3e#oped in LabV$' de3e#opment en3ironment:

• To determine te meas%rement %ncertaint( of te de3e#opedinstr%ment is ca#ibrated %sin& a #aborator( ca#ibrator F#%e5500*:

• $nstr%ment as te fo##owin& caracteristics> acc%rac( ofmeas%rin& 3o#ta&e of 0:05E, samp#in& speed eac canne#

1028 samp#es d%rin& one c(c#e of 20ms, wic &%arantees tecapt%re transients and oter defects in 3o#ta&e &ran%#ation of 5microseconds, recordin& armonic distortion %p to 511tarmonic:

21



• -ea#ied meas%rements /%stif( te introd%ction ofan ob#i&ation to inte&rate te PFC to de3ice wi## beconnected to te mains and aderence to strictstandards for acie3in& power factor of te de3ice

more tan 0:95:• De3ices tat are present toda( in te maret

&enera##( a3e #ow power factor and i& T;D$,tota# armonic distortion of c%rrent:

•Li&tin& in tota# e#ectricit( cons%mption acco%ntsfor o3er 15E in te KS @so%rce 2018, '$*A for tewo#e wor#d 20E @so%rce 201, "ippon '#ectric Co:Ltd:A:

22



Pase Contro# Ksin& T(ristors

2



Pase Contro# Ksin& T(ristors

• F%##7wa3e T(ristor contro# of 100 resistant #oad wit

pase contro# @0 to 65 switced o? and 115 to 10switced on in a a#f7c(c#eA:

28

S(mmetrica# F%##7a3e Pase Contro#@Sin%soida#A

it MF capaciti3e compensation



!eas%red 3a#%esaccordin& to standard 185972010

•On te t(ristor power contro#, te capaciti3e compensationcomp#icates te s(stem f%rter:

• e notice te appearance of e3en armonics andintermod%#ation components: *#to%& we a3e recei3ed&ood compensation primar( reacti3e power =1 and PF1 %nit

sti## te tota# power factor is #ower tan te case wito%tcompensation:

25



Time Variant Loads

• Te most comp#e sit%ation of compensation is %nder time 3ariant#oads wic at te same time and often are non#inear #oads too:

• Te net section wi## present a time 3ariant #oad, comp#e ind%stria#e#ectric s(stem connected to transformer 6J0:8V wit power1600V*, connected on te power &rid:

•

!eas%rement is performed wit ad3anced, i&7speed Power*na#(er, 'LSP'C I#acIo 8500:

• I#acIo 8500 ana#(er as te fo##owin& caracteristics> i& C#ass*, acc%rac( of meas%rin& 3o#ta&e of 0:1E, samp#in& speed eaccanne# 512 samp#es d%rin& one c(c#e of 20ms, wic &%arantees tecapt%re transients and oter defects in 3o#ta&e &ran%#ation of 20

microseconds, recordin& armonic distortion %p to 511t armonic:• Te 8500 Portab#e IL*C+ION contin%a##( records meas%res o3er

10,000 e#ectrica# parameters a%tomatica##(, a## te time for more tana (ear:

26



Tecnica# '3a#%ation

On#( eact tecnica# e3a#%ation can &%arantee ade%ateso#%tion, worin& concept is based on fo%r steps>

1: Determinin& te C%rrent Sit%ation

2: !eas%rements of e#ectrica# parameters of te

transformer wit a fast power %a#it( ana#(er: *na#(sis of te recorded res%#ts wit powerf%#

software too# in te time domain @rms and instantaneo%s

3a#%esA and fre%enc( domain: Tecnica# de4nition ofso#%tion:

8: Software sim%#ation 7 modern approac tat is%sed in comp#etin& te 3eri4cation process of te

decision tro%& te sim%#ation process of compensation:

2.



28 pro4#e

2

orin& 3o#ta&es, c%rrents, power, armonic distortion and powerfactor o3er te 28 period of recordin&:



28 pro4#e

29

Operatin& 3o#ta&e, c%rrent, power and Bicers 10min @PstA and 2@P#tA for 28 o%rs



1 pro4#e

0

orin& 3o#ta&es, c%rrents and power o3er te 1 period ofrecordin&:



5min pro4#e

1

orin& 3o#ta&es, c%rrents and power 5min period ofrecordin&:



10s pro4#e

2

orin& 3o#ta&es, c%rrents and power 10s period ofrecordin&:



1s pro4#e

orin& 3o#ta&es, c%rrents and power 1s periodof recordin&:



Vo#ta&e and C%rrent;armonics

8

Vo#ta&e and c%rrent armonics @abso#%te and re#ati3eA



So#%tion

i3en te c%rrent appro3ed state and te cond%cted ana#(sis, tocompensate te transformer te fo##owin& caracteristics are re%ired>

7 F%## compensation c(c#e b( c(c#e> 5720ms @for 50;A

7 Tota# reacti3e power 12003ar

7 Compensation wit 5 steps 2803ar @1>1>1>1>1A

7 18E det%ned 4#ter wit iron core

Comp#iant wit standards "601J1J2, '"500172, '"500272,'"55011, '"610007872JJ8J5, '"V50208, '"V50181 and safet(re%irements '"6101071, '"508971

Te proposed compensation wit '#spec '%a#ier pro3ides te fastcompensation @15ms Q two tirds of a 50 ; c(c#eA, 3ia so#id state

transient free switcin&, te '%a#ierRs contro##er %ses FFT @fast Fo%riertransformsA to ana#(e eac and e3er( c(c#e and app#( appropriatecompensation per c(c#e: Te '%a#ier can app#( di?erent #e3e#s ofreacti3e compensation to eac and e3er( 50; c(c#e

5



Te proposed compensation wit

'#spec '%a#ier

6



Princip#ed sceme of so#%tion

.



Oter bene4ts

• Si&ni4cant#( impro3e 3o#ta&e stabi#it( %nder te mostdi<c%#t #oads:

• Si&ni4cant#( red%ce c%rrent spies from #ar&e motor start7%ps or oter #ar&e s%dden reacti3e #oads:

•

Pre3ent dama&e to sensiti3e e#ectronic e%ipment• Free %p capacit( on transformers o3er#oaded wit reacti3e

power

• 'treme#( #on& #ife epectanc(

• $nte&ra# power %a#it( ana#(er

• *cc%rate power factor correction e3en %nder d(namic #oads• Kni%e se#f testin& and reportin& feat%res

• So#id state transient free switcin&



Sim%#ation

9

"etwor parameters before and after compensation 7 b#ac ori&ina#meas%rements, p%rp#e co#or sim%#ation:



Sim%#ation

80

"etwor parameters before and after compensation 7 b#ac ori&ina#meas%rements, p%rp#e co#or sim%#ation:



Conc#%sions

• De3ices for power s%pp#(, con3erters and in3erters wit switcin& e#ements a3e a#ow power factor: To increase te e<cienc( and te ep#oitation of s%c de3ices inaddition so%#d be %sed a correctin& power factor @PFC 7 Power Factor CorrectionAembedded in tem, wic are often comp#e circ%its tat reac te power factor&reater tan 0:95 @PF 0:95A:

• On te t(ristor power contro#, te capaciti3e compensation comp#icates te s(stemf%rter:

• For te correction of te power factor in a time 3ariant #oads in presence ofdistortions, so%#d be %sed compensators wit d(namic response in te order ofperiod of networ 3o#ta&e: Deri3ed from ana#(sis of parameters for an ind%stria#comp#e time 3ariant #oad wit fast d(namic compensation of 1.ms order areacie3ed &ood res%#ts at rapid can&es in d(namic e3ents aro%nd 200700ms @10715c(c#esA: Te proposed s(stem of compensation for time 3ariant #oad impro3es power%a#it( in rea# time b(> correctin& te power factor to near#( idea# 3a#%e of 1, sa3in&

e#ectricit(, red%cin& Bicers, armonics and c%rrent spie red%ction• Iased on te ana#(sis of te meas%red 3a#%es of e#ectrica# parameters of time 3ariant

#oad in te presence of distortions, %sin& a fast d(namic compensator wit aresponse time in te order of te &rid 3o#ta&e period &i3es 3er( &ood res%#ts in tecorrection of te Power Factor and impro3in& te Power =%a#it( of networ:

81



Tan (o% for (o%r attention

makocigre_2015 power factor correction at tvl

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