1

Malachi Beit-Arieacute

HEBREW CODICOLOGY

Historical and Comparative Typology of Hebrew Medieval

Codices based on the Documentation of the Extant Dated

Manuscripts Using a Quantitative Approach

Preprint internet English version 01

This English preprint version of the Typology contains at this stage the first five chapters of the

typology of which only the first one was edited (pp 1-117 out of 358 pages) Versions will be

updated following the progress of the final editing and further translation

2

List of the complete book chapters and main sub-chapters

Chapter 1 Introduction

1 The codex

2 Codicology ndash development approaches to the study of hand-produced

books trends

3 Hebrew codicology

4 Extant manuscripts geo-cultural classification of codicological practices

and types of book script

5 The singularity of Hebrew book production

6 The indispensability of the comparative perspective for Hebrew

codicology

Chapter 2 Colophon components and scribal formulae

2 Destination of copying

3 Dating systems

4 Indication of locality

5 Personal and historical information

6 Information on copying conditions and on the exemplar

7 The duration of copying and its pace

8 Blessings

9 Scribal formulae at the end of copying at the beginning at the lower

margin of pages

Chapter 3 Writing materials

1 Parchment visual appearance of Italian Franco-German (in comparison

to Latin manuscripts) Middle Eastern Sefardic and Byzantine manuscripts

2 Oriental (Arabic) and Occidental paper

3 Combination of paper and parchment (mixed quiring)

4 Ink

Chapter 4 Quiring

Ordering parchment bifolia and beginning of the quires

Quire composition practices

Chapter 5 Marking the sequence of quires bifolia or folios in the codex

Catchwords quire bifolium folio page column catchwords

Counter-catchwords

Signatures types of quire signatures bifolium and folio numeration

Marking the central opening of the quire

Chapter 6 The scaffolding of copying ndash The architectural disposition of the copied

text and its techniques

Ruling patterns and the dynamic and changing ruling

Guiding pricking for horizontals ruling in outer margins in outer and inner

margins double prickings for through lines single prickings for guiding

template ruling

Relief ruling by hard point unfolded parchment bifolium on hair side on

flesh side consecutive folios bifolia at once on hair side folio by folio

Blind ruling by boards or templates ruling paper by mastara in the Middle

East by ruling board in Spain and Italy by folding

Coloured ruling by plummet engraving plummet and with ink

Regional presentation of pricking and ruling practices and their

transformations

3

Chapter 7 Line management and its impact on the copying pace and the comfort

of reading

Line justification which does not interfere with the integrity of last words

Line justification which breaks up last words

Chapter 8 Legibility of the text transparency of its structure and the graphic

hierarchy of its layers

Chapter 9 The affinity between the copying of the text and its

decoration illumination and illustration

Chapter 10 Bibliographical codicological and palaeographical units and methods

for distinguishing between hands

Chapter 11 Hebrew palaeography Modes of Medieval book-script their diffusion

and function script types and their evolution

Branches of Hebrew script The ldquoIslamicrdquo Latin ldquoChristianrdquo and

ldquoByzantinerdquo branch

The three-operation mode of the Hebrew script structure The Square

Semi-Cursive and Cursive the selection of mode and its function

Script types and their modes

Scripts in the Islamic zones The Eastern Islamic sub-branch The Middle

Eastern type

The Yemenite and the Persian sub-types

The Western Islamic sub-branch The Sefardic type

The scripts in the Western Christianity zones The Ashkenazi type

The Italian type

The Byzantine type

Chapter 12 Selected specimens of cursive scripts with annotated transcriptions

Chapter 13 The textual aspect Deliberate intervention in the transmission and

unconscious corruption

Publication of texts in the Middle Ages

Personal production and its impact on the transmission the scholarly

copying as against the duplication of texts by hired scribes

The implications on textual criticism and on the editing of texts

Afterword

Reflections on the mystery of the uniformity of Hebrew book craft in each

of the geo-cultural entities and on the extent of affinity to the host tradition

The evolution of manuscript book production ndash progression or regression

1 Production techniques

2 Line management

3 Legibility of the text and its transparency

4 The transmission of the text

5

Detailed Table of Contents

List of Abbreviations and Selected Bibliography 9

Preface 27

Chapter 1 Introduction 35

1 The codex 35

The diffusion of the codex and its late adoption by the Jews 37

The rotulus 44

2 Codicology ndash its development its new approach to the study of the hand-produced book

its trends 47

3 Hebrew Codicology 50

Tables 1-3 Distribution of immigrant scripts 56

4 Extant manuscripts geo-cultural distribution of codicological practices and types of

book script 61

Findings of the surviving manuscripts 61

Table 4 Geo-cultural distribution of genres of manuscripts dated before 1540 66

Branches and main types of codicological traditions and script styles 73

Five main types of book craft and script 73

Map of the geo-cultural division of the main types and sub-types of Hebrew book craft and

script 81

Tables 5-10 General statistics of the database geo-cultural chronological and geo-

chronological diffusion of the dated manuscripts until 1540 82

Table 5 The manuscripts and various types of records in the SfarData database 82

5 The unique character of Hebrew book production 86

Tables 11-13 Distribution of production destinations and the ratio of self-production

versus commissioned production 107

6 The indispensability of the comparative perspective for Hebrew codicology 114

Chapter 2 Colophon Components and Scribal Formulae 119

1 Names of manuscript producers and division of labour between them 124

Vocalisers masoretes illustrators editors and binders 126

Components of the names 134

Blessing formula for the living and deceased 136

Honorifics 141

Copyistsrsquo expressions of humility 144

Appendix How did scribes disclose their names by the copied text and multi-handed

manuscripts 146

6

2 Destination of copying 162

3 Dating systems 163

4 Indication of locality 171

5 Personal and historical information 176

6 Information on copying conditions and on the exemplar 181

7 The duration of copying and its pace 184

8 Blessings 193

9 Scribal formulae at the end and the beginnings of the copyings and at the bottom of the

pages 196

Apotropaic wishes at the bottom of the page 203

Chapter 3 Writing Materials 211

1 Parchment 219

Ashkenazic parchment 225

Appendix Comparison of the parchment in Ashkenazic manuscripts to parchment in Latin

manuscripts produced in the same areas 231

2 Paper 237

Oriental (Arabic) and Occidental paper 239

Paper produced between the eleventh and thirteenth century in the Western Muslim

countries (in Spain and the Maghreb) and in thirteenth century Christian Spain 244

The disposition types of laid and chain lines in Oriental paper 249

a Wireless paper 251

b Laid paper 253

c Laid and chain lines 254

3 Combination of paper and parchment (mixed quiring) 261

Tables 14-16 Distribution of writing materials until 1500 267

Size and formats 269

4 Ink 275

Chapter 4 Quiring 281

Ordering of the parchment bifolia 287

The beginning of the quire 290

Quire composition practices 292

Summary of quiring practices in Hebrew manuscripts according to geo-cultural zones

based on the corpus under discussion 302

Tables 17-19 Quiring practices classified by geo-cultural entities 308

Binding 309

Appendix קונטרס or the distribution and spellings of a term and its codicological - קוטרס

meanings 315

7

Chapter 5 Marking the sequence of quires bifolia or folios in the codex 331

1 Catchwords and counter-catchwords 335

A Catchwords 337

A2 Bifolium catchwords 341

A3 Folio catchwords 342

B Counter-catchwords 345

2 Signatures 347

2a Quire signatures 349

The placement of the quire signatures 350

2b Bifolium signatures 355

2c Foliation (folio signatures) 356

3 Marking the middle opening of the quire 357

Decorative Masora in transitional openings between quires 361

Tables 20-22 Geo-cultural distribution of means to ensure the order of the codex 362

9

List of Abbreviations and Selected Bibliography

Abrahams Ethical Wills = Hebrew Ethical Wills ed I Abrahams vol 1 Philadelphia

1926 (Reprint 1976)

Agati Introduzione alla codicologia = ML Agati Il libro manoscritto Introduzione alla

codicologia (Studia Archeologica 124) Rome 2003

Agati Codicologia comparata = Idem Il libro manuscritto da Oriente a Occidente Per una

codicologia comparata Rome 2009

Agati Compendium = Idem The Manuscript Book A Compendium of Codicology Rome

2017

Allony Jewish Library = Jewish Library in the Middle Ages Book Lists from the Cairo

Genizah Jerusalem 2006 (in Hebrew)

Amar lsquoPaper Industryrsquo = Z Amar lsquoThe History of the Paper Industry in Al-Sham in the

Middle Agesrsquo in Towns and Material Culture in the Medieval Middle East ed Y

Lev (The Medieval Mediterranean Peoples Economies and Cultures 400ndash1453 39)

LeidenndashBostonndashCologne pp 119ndash133

Assaf BeOholey Yalsquoaqov = S Assaf BeOholey Yalsquoaqov Jerusalem 1943 (in Hebrew)

Assaf Mekorot = Idem Mekorot le-Toldhot ha-Hinukh be Yisrael A Source Book for the

History of Jewish Education from the Beginning of the Middle Ages to the Period of

the Haskalah New edition [of the Tel-AvivmdashJerusalem edition vols 1-4 1923-

1943 in Hebrew) edited and annotated by Sh Glick vols 1-3 New Yorkmdash

Jerusalem 2002

Beit-Arieacute Hebrew Codicology = M Beit-Arieacute Hebrew Codicology Tentative Typology of

Technical Practices Employed in Hebrew Dated Medieval Manuscripts Jerusalem

1981 reprint of Paris 1977 edition with addenda and corrigenda

Beit-Arieacute lsquoColophonsrsquo = Idem lsquoColophons in Hebrew Manuscripts Source of Information

on Book Production and Text Transmissionrsquo in Scribi e colofoni Le sottoscrizioni di

copisti dalle origini allrsquoavvento della stampa ndash Atti del seminario di Erice X

Colloquio del Comiteacute international de paleacuteographie latine 23ndash28 ottobre 1993 ed E

Condello amp G De Gregorio (Biblioteca del Centro per il collegamento degli studi

Medievali e umanistici in Umbria 14) Spoleto 1995 pp 495ndash504 and tables IndashV

10

Beit-Arieacute East and West = Idem Hebrew Manuscripts of East and West Towards a

Comparative Codicology (The Panizzi Lectures 1992) London 1993

Beit-Arieacute lsquoHebrew Script in Spainrsquo = Idem lsquoHebrew Script in Spain Development

Offshoots and Vicissitudesrsquo in Moreshet Sefarad The Sephardi Legacy ed H

Beinart vol 1 Jerusalem 1992 pp 282ndash317 Spanish version Idem lsquoLa caligrafigravea

hebrea en Espantildea Desarollo ramificaciones y vicisitudesrsquo in Morešet Sefarad El

legado de Sefarad ed H Beinart vol 1 Jerusalem 1992 pp 289ndash325

Beit-Arieacute lsquoIdeals Versus Realityrsquo = Idem lsquoIdeals Versus Reality Scribal Prescriptions in

Sefer Hasidim and Contemporary Scribal Practices in Franco-German Manuscriptsrsquo

Rashi 1040ndash1990 ndash Congregraves europeacuteen des Eacutetudes juives ed G Sed-Rajna Paris

1993 pp 559ndash566 pls 1ndash17

Beit-Arieacute lsquoOriental Paper Patternsrsquo = Idem lsquoQuantitative Typology of Oriental Paper

Patternsrsquo in Zerdoun Bat-Yehouda (ed) Le papier au Moyen Acircge Histoire et

techniques (Bibliologia 19) Turnhout 1999 pp 41ndash53

Beit-Arieacute lsquoPublic Librariesrsquo = Idem lsquoWere there Jewish lsquoPublicrsquo Libraries in the Middle

Ages The Individualistic Nature of the Hebrew Medieval Book Production and

Consumptionrsquo Zion 65 (2000) pp 441-451 (in Hebrew) [Reprinted in Libraries and

Book Collections eds Y Kaplan amp M Pluhowsky Jerusalem 2006 pp 91-103)

Beit-Arieacute lsquoPublication of Literary Textsrsquo = Idem lsquoPublication and Reproduction of

Literary Texts in Jewish Medieval Civilization Jewish Scribality and its Impact on

the Texts Transmittedrsquo in Transmitting Jewish Traditions Orality Textuality and

Cultural Diffusion ed Y Elman amp I Gershoni New HavenndashLondon 2000 pp 225ndash

247

Beit-Arieacute lsquoSFARDATArsquo = Idem lsquoSFARDATA The Henri Schiller Codicological Database

of the Hebrew Palaeography Project Jerusalemrsquo Gazette du livre meacutedieacuteval 25

(automne 1994) pp 24ndash29

Beit-Arieacute lsquoStereotype and Individualityrsquo = Idem lsquoStereotype and Individuality in the

Handwriting of Medieval Scribesrsquo in Beit-Arieacute The Makings pp 77-92

French version lsquoSteacutereacuteotypes et individualiteacute dans les eacutecritures des copistes heacutebraiumlques du

Moyen Agersquo in Lrsquoeacutecriture le cerveau lrsquoœil et la main Actes u colloque international

du Centre National de la Recherches Scientifique Paris Collegravege de France 23 et 4

mai 1988 eds C Sirat J Irigoin E Poulle Turnhout 1990 (Bibliolgia 10) pp 201-

219

11

Beit-Arieacute lsquoCodicological Data-Basersquo = Idem lsquoThe Codicological Data-Base of the Hebrew

Palaeography Project A Tool for Localising and Dating Hebrew Medieval

Manuscriptsrsquo in Hebrew Studies ndash Papers Presented at a Colloquium on Resources

for Hebraica in Europe Held at the School of Oriental and African Studies University

of London 11ndash13 September 1989 ed D Rowland Smith amp PS Salinger (British

Library Occasional Papers 13) London 1991 pp 165ndash197

French version lsquoLa base de donneacutees codicologiques du Hebrew Palaeography

Project Un outil pour la localisation et la datation des manuscrits meacutedieacutevaux

heacutebreuxrsquo in Meacutethodologies informatiques et nouveaux horizons dans les recherches

meacutedieacutevales ndash Actes du colloque international de Saint-Paul-de-Vence 3ndash5 septembre

1990 ed J Hamesse (Socieacuteteacute Internationale pour lEacutetude de la Philosophie

Meacutedieacutevale Rencontre de Philosophie Meacutedieacutevale 2) [Turnhout] 1992 pp 17ndash67

Beit-Arieacute History of Production = Idem [The History of the Production of Medieval

Hebrew Manuscripts Progression of Regression] (in Hebrew) Proceedings of the

Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 8 fascicule 12 Jerusalem 2000

[=Proceedings of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 8 (1989-2000) pp

213-236 and plates 1-16]

Beit-Arieacute Makings = Idem The Makings of the Medieval Hebrew Book Jerusalem 1993

Beit-Arieacute England = Idem The Only Dated Medieval Hebrew Manuscript Written in

England (1189 CE) and the Problem of Pre-Expulsion Anglo-Hebrew Manuscripts

(Appendix I by M Banitt Appendix II by Z Anton-Rokeacuteah) London 1985

Beit-Arieacute lsquoTransmission of Textsrsquo = Idem lsquoTransmission of Texts by Scribes and Copyists

Unconscious and Critical Interferencesrsquo in Artefact and Text The Re-Creation of

Jewish Literature in Medieval Hebrew Manuscripts ndash Proceedings of a Conference

Held in the University of Manchester 28ndash30 April 1992 ed PhS Alexander amp A

Samely special issue Bulletin of John Rylands University Library of Manchester

753 (Autumn 1993) pp 33ndash51

Beit-Arieacute Unveiled Faces = Idem Unveiled Faces of Medieval Hebrew Books The

Evolution of Manuscript Production ndash Progression or Regression Jerusalem 2003

Beit-Arieacute lsquoWormsrsquo = Idem lsquoThe Worms Mahzor Its History and its Palaeographic and

Codicological characteristicsrsquo in M Beit-Arieacute Worms Mahzor ix-xxv Reprinted in

Beit- Arieacute The Makings pp 152-180

12

Beit-Arieacute amp Pasternak lsquoComfort of Readingrsquo = M Beit-Arieacute amp N Pasternak lsquoComfort of

Reading Comfort of Writing Some Reflections on Line Managementrsquo Gazette du

livre meacutedieacuteval 31 (automne 1997) pp 9ndash21

Berliner lsquoEin Gangrsquo = A Berliner lsquoEin Gang durch die Bibliotheken Italiensrsquo Gesammelte

Schriften vol 1 Frankfurt am Main 1913

Bernheimer Paleografia Ebraica = C Bernheimer Paleografia ebraica Florence 1924

Birnbaum Hebrew Scripts = SA Birnbaum The Hebrew Scripts London 1954 (vol 2 the

plates) and Leiden 1971 (vol 1 the text)

Bischoff Latin Palaeography = B Bischoff Latin Palaeography Antiquity and the Middle

Ages transl DOacute Croacuteiniacuten amp D Ganz Cambridge 1990

Blau Althebraumlischen Buchwesen = L Blau Studien zum althebraumlischen Buchwesen und zur

biblischen Litteraturgeschichte (Studien zum althebraumlischen Buchwesen und zur

biblischen Litteratur- u Textgeschichte 1 Reprinted from Jahresbericht der Landes-

Rabbinerschule in Budapest 19011902) Strasbourg 1902

Bonfil lsquoList of Hebrew Booksrsquo = lsquoA list of Hebrew Books from Imola from the Turn of the

Fourteenth Centuryrsquo in Shlomo Umberto Nahon Memorial Book Studies in the

History of Italian Jewry ed Robert Bonfil et al Jerusalem 1978 pp 42-67 (in

Hebrew)

Boyle Medieval Latin Palaeography = LE Boyle Medieval Latin Palaeography A

Bibliographical Introduction Toronto 1984

Bozzolo amp Ornato Codicologie quantitative = C Bozzolo amp E Ornato Pour une histoire

du livre manuscrit au Moyen Acircge Trois essais de codicologie quantitative Paris 1980

Briquet Filigranes = Les filigranes Dictionnaire historique des marques du papier degraves leur

apparition vers 1282 jusqursquoen 1600 ndash A Facsimile of the [Geneva] 1907 Edition with

Supplementary Material ed A Stevenson vols 1ndash4 Amsterdam 1968

Briquet Opuscula = CM Briquet Briquetrsquos Opuscula (Monumenta chartae Papyraceae

Historiam Illustrantia 4) Hilversum 1955

Brown A Palaeographerrsquos View = J Brown A Palaeographerrsquos View Selected Writings of

Julian Brown ed J Bately M Brown amp J Roberts London 1993

Busonero (ed) La fabbrica del codice = La fabbrica del codice Materiali per la storia del

libro nel tardo medioevo ed P Busonero et al Rome 1999

Busonero lsquoFascicolazionersquo = P Busonero lsquoLa fascicolazione del manoscritto nel basso

medioevorsquo in Busonero (ed) La fabrica del codice pp 31-139

13

Canart et al lsquoReacuteglure en couleurrsquo = P Canart et al lsquoRecherches preacuteliminaires sur les

mateacuteriaux utiliseacutes pour dans les manuscrits grecs et latinsrsquo Scriptorium 45 (1991)

pp 205ndash225

Casagrande Mazzoli lsquoRigaturarsquo = MA Casagrande Mazzoli lsquoForatura rigatura e pectines

in codici italiani tardoMedievalirsquo Aevum 71 (1997) pp 423ndash440

Catalogues

Bernheimer Catalogue = C Bernheimer Codices hebraici Bybliothecae

Ambrosianae Florence 1933

Cassuto Catalogue = U Cassuto Codices vaticani hebraici [Vatican City] 1956

De-Rossi Catalogue = GB De-Rossi Mss codices hebraici biblioth IB De-Rossi

vols 1ndash3 Parma 1803

Harkavy amp Strack Catalogue = A Harkavy amp HL Strack Katalog der

hebraumlischen Bibelhandschriften der kaiserlichen oumlffentlichen Bibliothek in St

Petersburg St PetersburgndashLeipzig 1875

Hirschfeld Catalogue = H Hirschfeld Descriptive Catalogue of the Hebrew Mss of

the Montefiore Library London 1904

Loewinger amp Weinryb Catalogue = DS Loewinger amp BD Weinryb Catalogue of

the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Library of the Juumldisch-theologisches Seminar in

Breslau Wiesbaden 1965

Margoliouth Catalogue = G Margoliouth Catalogue of the Hebrew and Samaritan

Manuscripts in the British Museum vols 1ndash3 London 1899ndash1915 vol 4 by J

Leveen London 1935

Neubauer Catalogue = A Neubauer Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the

Bodleian Library and in the College Libraries of Oxford vol 1 Oxford 1886

Neubauer amp Beit-Arieacute Catalogue = Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the

Bodleian Library ndash Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol 1 (A Neubauerrsquos

Catalogue) Compiled [by the Institute of Microfilmed Hebrew Manuscripts at the

Jewish National and University Library Jerusalem] under the direction of M Beit-

Arieacute [who provided palaeographical identifications of the manuscripts] ed R May

Oxford 1994

Neubauer amp Cowley Catalogue = A Neubauer amp AE Cowley Catalogue of the

Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library vol 2 Oxford 1906

Ohel David Catalogue = DS Sassoon Ohel David Descriptive Catalogue of the

Hebrew and Samaritan Manuscripts in the Sassoon Library vols 1ndash2 London 1932

14

Richler amp Beit-Arieacute Catalogue (Vatican) = Hebrew Manuscripts in the Vatican

Library ndash Catalogue Compiled by the Staff of the Institute of Microfilmed Hebrew

Manuscripts in the Jewish National and University Library Jerusalem ed B Richler

Palaeographical and Codicological Descriptions by M Beit-Arieacute in collaboration with

N Pasternak (Studi e testi 438) Vatican City 2008

Richler amp Beit-Arieacute Catalogue (Parma) = Hebrew Manuscripts in the Biblioteca

Palatina in Parma ndash Catalogue ed B Richler Palaeographical and Codicological

Descriptions by M Beit-Arieacute Jerusalem 2001

Roacuteth amp Striedel Catalogue = E Roacuteth amp H Striedel Die Handschrifteh der

Sammlung HB Levy an der Staats- und Universitaumltsbibliothek Hamburg

(Verzeichnis der orientalischen Handscriften in Deutschland 63 Hebraumlische

Handschriften 3) Wiesbaden 1984

Schwarz Catalogue (Austria) = AZ Schwarz Die hebraumlischen Handschriften in

Oumlsterreich vol 1 Leipzig 1931

Schwarz Catalogue (OumlNL) = Idem Die hebraumlischen Handschriften in der

Nationalbibliothek in Wien Leipzig 1925

Steinschneider Catalogue (Berlin) = M Steinschneider Die Verzeichnis der

hebraumlischen Handschriften (Handschriften-Verzeichnisse der Koumlniglichen Bibliothek

zu Berlin 2) vols 1ndash2 Berlin 1878ndash1897

Steinschneider Catalogue (Hamburg) = Idem Catalog der hebraumlischen

Handschriften in der Stadtbibliothek zu Hamburg Hamburg 1878

Catane Gloses = M Catane Recueil des Gloses Jerusalem 1988 (in Hebrew enlarged

edition)

Chwolson Corpus inscriptionum = D Chwolson Corpus inscriptionum hebraicarum

Enthaltend Grabschriften aus der Krim und andere Grab- und Inschriften in alter

hebraumlischer Quadratschrift sowie auch Schriftproben aus Handschriften vom IXndashXV

Jahrhundert St Petersburg 1882 (Reprint Hildesheim 1974)

Codices hebraicis = Codices hebraicis litteris exarati quo tempore scripti fuerint exhibentes

(Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi Series Hebraica IndashIV)

Part I M Beit-Arieacute C Sirat M Glatzer in collaboration with T Leiter et al

Jusqursquoagrave 1020 ParisndashJerusalemndashTurnhout 1997

Part II M Glatzer C Sirat M Beit-Arieacute in collaboration with T Leiter et al De

1021 agrave 1079 ParisndashJerusalemndashTurnhout 1999

15

Part III C Sirat M Beit-Arieacute M Glatzer in collaboration with T Leiter et al De

1085 agrave 1140 ParisndashJerusalemndashTurnhout 2002

Part IV M Beit-Arieacute C Sirat M Glatzer in collaboration with T Leiter et al De

1144 agrave1200 ParisndashJerusalemndashTurnhout 2006

Danzig lsquoRulingrsquo = N Danzig lsquoSirtut sifrei qodeshrsquo in Atara leḥayim ed D Boyarin et al

Jerusalem 2000 (in Hebrew)

Deacuteroche Islamic Codicology = F Deacuteroche in collaboration with A Berthier et al Islamic

Codicology An Introduction to the Study of Manuscripts in Arabic Script transl D

Dusinberre amp D Radzinowicz ed M Isa Waley London 2005

Deacuteroche Manuscrits du Coran = Idem Bibliothegraveque nationale deacutepartement des manuscrits

ndash Catalogue des manuscrits arabes part 2 Manuscrits musulmans vol 1 fasc 1

Les manuscrits du Coran Aux origines de la calligraphie coranique Paris 1983

Deacuteroche amp Sagaria Rossi Manoscritti in caratteri arabi = F Deacuteroche amp V Sagaria Rossi I

manoscritti in caratteri arabi (Scritture e libri del medioevo 9) Rome 2012

Deacuteroche amp Richard lsquoDu parchemin au papierrsquo F Deacuteroche amp F Richard lsquoDu parchemin

au papier Remarques sur quelques manuscrits du Proche-Orientrsquo in Hoffmann (ed)

Codicologie compareacutee pp 183-197

Deacuteroche amp Richard (eds) Scribes et manuscrits du Moyen-Orient = Scribes et

manuscrits du Moyen-Orient ed F Deacuteroche amp F Richard Paris 1997

Derolez Codicologie = A Derolez Codicologie des manuscrits en eacutecriture humanistique sur

parchemin vols 1ndash2 Turnhout 1984

Dukan Bible heacutebraiumlque = M Dukan La Bible heacutebraiumlque Les codices copieacutes en Orient et

dans la zone seacutefarade avant 1280 Turnhout 2006

Dukan Reacuteglure = Idem La reacuteglure des manuscrits heacutebreux au Moyen Age vols 1ndash2 Paris

1988

Engel lsquoStyles of Hebrew Scriptrsquo = E Engel lsquoStyles of Hebrew Script in the Tenth and

Eleventh centuries in Light of Dated and Datable Geniza Documentsrsquo Teʻuda 15

(1999) pp365-412 (in Hebrew)

Gacek Glossary (2001) = A Gacek The Arabic Manuscrip[t] Tradition A Glossary of

Technical Terms and Bibliography LeidenndashBoston 2001

Gacek Glossary (2008) = Idem The Arabic Manuscript Tradition A Glossary of Technical

Terms and Bibliography ndash Supplement LeidenndashBoston 2008

Gacek Vademecum = Idem Arabic Manuscripts A Vademecum for Readers Leidenndash

Boston 2009

16

Gil History of Palestine = M Gil A History of Palestine 639-1099 tr E Broido New

York 1992 [an enlarged version of the first volume of the Hebrew book Erets

Yisrarsquoel batequfa hamuslemit harishona vols 1-3 Tel-Aviv 1983]

Gil Jews in Islamic Countries = Idem Jews in Islamic Countries in the Middle Ages Leiden

2004

Glatzer Aleppo = M Glatzer lsquoMelekhet hasefer shel Keter Aram Tsovarsquo Sefunot 4 (19)

(1989) pp 167-276 (in Hebrew)

Goitein Mediterranean Society = SD Goitein A Mediterranean Society The Jewish

Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza

vols 1ndash5 BerkeleyndashLos Angeles 1967ndash1988 (vol 6 Indexes 1993)

Gumbert lsquoBible Glossesrsquo = JP Gumbert lsquoThe Layout of the Bible Glosses in Manuscript

and Early Printrsquo in The Bible as Book The First Printed Editions ed P Saenger amp

K van Kampen LondonndashNew Castle Del 1999 pp 7ndash13

Gumbert lsquoCodicological Unitsrsquo = Idem lsquoCodicological Units Towards a Terminology for

the Stratigraphy of the Non-Homogeneous Codexrsquo in Il codice miscellaneo

Tipologie e funzioni ndash Atti del Convegno internazionale Cassino 14ndash17 maggio

2003 ed E Crisci amp O Pecere special issue Segno e testo 2 (2004) pp 17ndash42

Gumbert lsquoFifty years of Codicologyrsquo = Idem lsquoFifty years of Codicologyrsquo Archiv fuumlr

Diplomatik 50 (2004) pp 505ndash526

Gumbert Gilbertrsquos Gloss = Idem lsquoGilbertrsquos Gloss and Lead Rulingrsquo Gazette du livre

meacutedieacuteval 42 (2003) pp 51ndash52

Gumbert lsquoRuling by Rakersquo = Idem lsquoRuling by Rake and Boardrsquo in The Role of the Book

in Medieval Culture ndash Proceedings of the Oxford International Symposium 26

September ndash 1 October 1982 vol 1 ed P Ganz (Bibliologia 3) Turnhout 1986 pp

41ndash54

Gumbert Words for Codices = Idem Words for Codices An English Codicological

Terminology Lopik Utrecht 2005 (State of January 20 2005) Words for Book A

Codicological Terminology in English Part 2 Scribes and Their Tools Part 3 From

Sheet to Page (State of May 2009) [Oxford 2009]

Hoffmann (ed) Codicologie compareacutee = Recherches de codicologie compareacutee ndash La

composition du codex au Moyen Acircge en Orient et en Occident ed P Hoffmann Paris

1998

Humbert lsquoPapiers non filigraneacutesrsquo = G Humbert lsquoPapiers non filigraneacutes utiliseacutes au Proche-

Orient jusqursquoen 1450rsquo Journal Asiatique 2861 (1998) pp 1ndash54

17

Hunter Papermaking = D Hunter Papermaking the History and Technique of an Ancient

Craft2 New York 1967

Irigoin lsquoCentres de copie byzantinsrsquo = J Irigoin lsquoPour une eacutetude des centres de copie

byzantinsrsquo Scriptorium 12 (1958) pp 208ndash227 13 (1959) pp 177ndash209

Irigoin lsquoDatation par les filigranesrsquo = Idem lsquoLa datation par les filigranes du papierrsquo

Codicologica Towards a Science of Handwritten Books vol 5 Les mateacuteriaux du

livre manuscrit ed A Gruys amp JP Gumbert Leiden 1980 pp 9ndash36

Irigoin lsquoPapiers non filigraneacutesrsquo = Idem lsquoLes papiers non filigraneacutes Eacutetat preacutesent des

recherches et prospectives drsquoavenirrsquo in Ancient and Medieval Book Materials and

Techniques (Erice 18ndash25 september 1992) vol 1 ed M Maniaci amp P Munafograve

(Studi e testi 357) Vatican City 1993 pp 265ndash312

Irigoin lsquoPremiers manuscrits grecsrsquo = Idem lsquoLes premiers manuscrits grecs eacutecrits sur

papier et le problegraveme du bombycinrsquo Scriptorium 4 (1950) pp 194ndash204

[=Griechische Kodikologie und Textuumlberlieferung ed D Halfinger Darmstadt 1980

pp 132ndash143]

Karabacek Arabischer Papier = J Karabacek Das arabischer Papier (Mittheilungen aus

der Sammlung der Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer 23) Vienna 1887

English translation J von Karabacek Arabic Paper transl D Baker amp S Dittmar

with additional notes by D Baker London 2001 (first published in wirobound format

by Islington Books 1991)

Karabacek Neue Quellen = Idem Neue Quellen zur Papiergeschichte (Mittheilungen aus

der Sammlung der Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer 4) Vienna 1888

Ker English Manuscripts = NR Ker English Manuscripts in the Century after the Norman

Conquest Oxford 1960

Le Leacuteannec-Bavaveacuteas Papiers non filigraneacutes = M-T Le Leacuteannec-Bavaveacuteas Les papiers

non filigraneacutes meacutedieacutevaux de la Perse agrave lrsquoEspagne Bibliographie 1950ndash1995 Paris

1998

Levey lsquoMediaeval Arabic Bookmakingrsquo = M Levey Mediaeval Arabic Bookmaking and

its Relation to Early Chemistry and Pharmacology (Transactions of the American

Philosophical Society ns vol 52 pt 4) Philadelphia 1962

Lemaire Codicologie = J Lemaire Introduction agrave la codicologie Louvain-Le-Neuve 1989

Lieberman Greek = S Lieberman Greek in Jewish Palestine Studies in the Life and

Manner of Jewish Palestine in the II-IV centuries C E2 New York 1962

18

Loumlw Graphische Requisiten = L Loumlw Graphische Requisiten und Erzeugnisse bei den

Juden (his Beitraumlge zur Juumldischen Alterthumskunde 1) Leipzig 1870ndash1871 (Reprint

Farnborough 1969)

Lowe Beneventan Script = EA Lowe The Beneventan Script Oxford 1914

Lowe CLA = EA Lowe Codices Latini Antiquiores A Palaeographical Guide of Latin

Manuscripts Prior to the Ninth Century vols 1ndash12 Oxford 1934ndash1972

Maniaci Archeologia = M Maniaci Archeologia del manoscritto Metodi problemi

bibliografia recente Rome 2002

Maniaci Gestione della pagina = Idem Construzione e gestione della pagina nel

manoscritto bizantino Cassino 2002

Maniaci amp Munafograve (eds) Book Materials and Techniques = Ancient and Medieval Book

Materials and Techniques (Erice 18ndash25 september 1992) vols 1ndash2 ed M Maniaci

amp PF Munafograve (Studi e testi 357ndash358) Vatican City 1993

Manuscrits meacutedieacutevaux = Manuscrits meacutedieacutevaux en caractegraveres heacutebraiumlques portant des

indications de date jusqursquoagrave 1540

Part I C Sirat M Beit-Arieacute in collaboration with M Glatzer et al notes by M

Beit-Arieacute Bibliothegraveque de France et drsquoIsraeumll Manuscrits de grand format Parisndash

Jerusalem 1972 (in two volumes)

Part II M Beit-Arieacute C Sirat in collaboration with A Attali et al Bibliothegraveque de

France et drsquosraeumll Manuscrits de petit format jusqursquoagrave 1470 ParisndashJerusalem 1979 (in

two volumes)

Part III C Sirat M Beit-Arieacute in collaboration with A Attali et al Bibliothegraveque de

France et drsquoIsraeumll Manuscrits de petit format de 1471ndash1540 ParisndashJerusalem 1986

(in two volumes and supplement to part I)

MS = Manuscript

The notations for the manuscripts are comprised of the abbreviation MS followed by

the place-name of the library where they are kept the name of the library or

institution housing the manuscript and its call mark in that collection Manuscripts

kept in large collections are referred only by their place-name without the name of the

library The following are the place-names and libraries or institutions or their

abbreviations as employed in the manuscript references

Amsterdam UBA = Universiteitbibliotheek Rosenthaliana

Arras Bibliothegraveque municipale

19

Berlin = Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin ( Preussischer Kulturbesitz)

Bern BB = Burgerbibliothek

Bologna BU = Biblioteca Universitaria

Breslau Seminar = Juumldisch-theologisches Seminar in Breslau

Budapest MTA = Magyar Tudomaacutenyos Akadeacutemia Koumlnyvtagraver (Library of the

Hungarian Academy of Sciences)

Cambridge St Johnrsquos College = St Johnrsquos College

Cambridge Trinity College = Trinity College

Cambridge = University Library

Cincinnati HUC = Hebrew Union College

Copenhagen Royal Library = Det Kongelige bibliotek

Dresden Landesbib = Saumlchsische Landesbibliothek

Firenze Bib Nazionale = Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale

Firenze Bib Laurenziana = Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana

Frankfurt am Main UB = Universitaumltsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg

Hamburg = Staats- und Universitaumltsbibliothek

Karlsruhe Badische Landesbibliothek

Jerusalem = The National Library of Israel (formerly The Jewish National and

University Library)

Leiden University = Universiteitsbibliothek

Leipzig UB = Universitaumltsbibliothek

Lisbon Bib Nacional = Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal

Livorno Talmud Tora = Biblioteca del Talmud Tora

London = British Library

London Beth Din = Beth Din and Beth Hamidrash Library The manuscript

collection was offered for sale at Christiersquos Auction House in 1999

London Jews College = Jewsrsquo College (now London School of Jewish Studies)

Part of the libraryrsquos collection has been sold by Christie in 1999 the Montefiore

collection which had been deposited in this library was returned to the trustees

of the collection in 2001 and sold in 2004

London Valmadonna = Valmadonna Trust Library

The manuscript collection was sold by Sothebyrsquos in 2016 and 2017

Madrid Universitad = Biblioteca de la Universitad Compultese

20

Mantua CI = Comunitagrave Israelitica (kept in Biblioteca Comunale)

Milano BA = Biblioteca Ambrosiana

Moscow RSL = Russian State Library Guenzburg Collection

Munich = Bayerische Staasbibliothek

New York Columbia = Columbia University

New York = Jewish Theological Seminary of America

Oxford = Bodleian Library

Oxford CCC = Corpus Christi College

Paris AIU = Alliance israeacutelite universelle

Paris Bibliothegraveque Mazarine

Paris = Bibliothegraveque nationale de France

Parma = Biblioteca Palatina

Prague NL = National Library

Rome Bib Angelica = Biblioteca Angelica

Rome Bib Casanatense = Biblioteca Casanatense

Rome Bib Emanuele = Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Vittorio Emanuele II

Rovigo Accademia = Biblioteca dellrsquoAccademia Concordi

San Francisco Sutro = Sutro State Library

San Lorenzo de El Escorial = Biblioteca Real

Sassoon (private) formerly kept in Letchworth England a considerable part of the

large collection has been sold in auctions

St Petersburg = St Petersburg National Library of Russia

St Petersburg Oriental Institute = Oriental Institute of the Russian Academy of

Sciences

Strasbourg BNU = Bibliothegraveque nationale et universitaire

Toledo Cathedral = Archivo y Biblioteca Capitulares

Tuumlbingen UB = Universitaumltsbibliothek

Vatican = Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana

Venice Bib Marciana = Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana

Vienna OumlNB = Oumlsterreichische Nationalbibliothek

Vienna IK = Israelitische Kultursgemeinde

Muzerelle Vocabulaire codicologique = D Muzerelle Vocabulaire codicologique

Reacutepertoire meacutethodique des termes franccedilais relatifs aux manuscrits Paris 1985

21

A multilingual hypertext edition of this illustrated dictionary has been published on the

internet version 11 2002-2003 httpvocabulaireirhtcnrsfrvocabhtm This edition

combines Italian and Spanish glossaries based on Muzerellersquos terminology which had

been printed earlier M Maniaci Terminologia del libro manuscritto (Addenda Studi

sulla conoscenza la conservazione e il restauro del materiale librario 3) Rome 1997

P Ostos M-L Padro amp E Rodriacuteguez Vocabulario de codicologia Madrid 1997

The online edition also experiments with the inclusion of an incomplete set English

terms

Neddermeyer Von der Handschrift zum gedruckten Buch = U Neddermeyer Von der

Handschrift zum gedruckten Buch Schriftlichkeit und Leseinteresse im Mittelalter

und in der fruumlhen Neuzeit ndash Quantitative und qualitative Aspekte vols 1ndash2

(Buchwissenschliche Beitraumlge aus dem Deutchen Bucharchiv Muumlnchen 61)

Wiesbaden 1998

Olszowy-Schlanger Manuscrits heacutebreux = J Olszowy-Schlanger Les manuscrits heacutebreux

dans lrsquoAngleterre Etude historique et palaeacuteographique ParisndashDudley Mass 2003

Ornato Apologia = E Ornato Apologia dellrsquoapogeo Divagazioni sulla storia del libro nel

tardo medioevo Rome 2000

Ornato lsquoExigences fonctionnellesrsquo = E Ornato lsquoExigences fonctionnelles contraintes

mateacuterielles et pratiques traditionelles dans le livre meacutedieacuteval Quelques reacuteflexionsrsquo in

Rationalisierung der Buchherstellung im Mittelalter und in der fruumlhen Neuzeit ndash

Ergebnisse eines buchgeschichtlichen Seminars Wolfenbuumlttel 12ndash14 November 1990

ed P Ruumlck amp M Boghardt (Elementa diplomatica 2) Marburg an der Lahn 1994 pp

7ndash31 [=Ornato et ses collegravegues La face cacheacutee pp 117-159]

Ornato et ses collegravegues Face cacheacutee = La face cacheacutee du livre meacutedieacuteval Lrsquohistoire du livre

vue par Ezio Ornato ses amis ses collegravegues Rome 1997

Palma lsquoAspetti materialirsquo = M Palma lsquoModifiche di alcuni aspetti materiali della

produzione libraria latina nei secoli XII e XIIIrsquo Scrittura e civiltagrave 12 (1988) pp

119ndash133

Parkes Pause and Effect = MB Parkes Pause and Effect An Introduction to the History

of Punctuation in the West Aldershot 1992

Parkes Scribes = MB Parkes Their Hands before our Eyes A Closer Look at Scribes ndash

The Lyell Lectures Delivered in the University of Oxford 1999 Oxford 2008

Pasternak Together and Apart = N Pasternak lsquoTogether and Apart Hebrew Manuscripts

as Testimonies to Encounters of Jews and Christians in Fifteenth-Century Florence ndash

2

List of the complete book chapters and main sub-chapters

Chapter 1 Introduction

1 The codex

2 Codicology ndash development approaches to the study of hand-produced

books trends

3 Hebrew codicology

4 Extant manuscripts geo-cultural classification of codicological practices

and types of book script

5 The singularity of Hebrew book production

6 The indispensability of the comparative perspective for Hebrew

codicology

Chapter 2 Colophon components and scribal formulae

2 Destination of copying

3 Dating systems

4 Indication of locality

5 Personal and historical information

6 Information on copying conditions and on the exemplar

7 The duration of copying and its pace

8 Blessings

9 Scribal formulae at the end of copying at the beginning at the lower

margin of pages

Chapter 3 Writing materials

1 Parchment visual appearance of Italian Franco-German (in comparison

to Latin manuscripts) Middle Eastern Sefardic and Byzantine manuscripts

2 Oriental (Arabic) and Occidental paper

3 Combination of paper and parchment (mixed quiring)

4 Ink

Chapter 4 Quiring

Ordering parchment bifolia and beginning of the quires

Quire composition practices

Chapter 5 Marking the sequence of quires bifolia or folios in the codex

Catchwords quire bifolium folio page column catchwords

Counter-catchwords

Signatures types of quire signatures bifolium and folio numeration

Marking the central opening of the quire

Chapter 6 The scaffolding of copying ndash The architectural disposition of the copied

text and its techniques

Ruling patterns and the dynamic and changing ruling

Guiding pricking for horizontals ruling in outer margins in outer and inner

margins double prickings for through lines single prickings for guiding

template ruling

Relief ruling by hard point unfolded parchment bifolium on hair side on

flesh side consecutive folios bifolia at once on hair side folio by folio

Blind ruling by boards or templates ruling paper by mastara in the Middle

East by ruling board in Spain and Italy by folding

Coloured ruling by plummet engraving plummet and with ink

Regional presentation of pricking and ruling practices and their

transformations

3

Chapter 7 Line management and its impact on the copying pace and the comfort

of reading

Line justification which does not interfere with the integrity of last words

Line justification which breaks up last words

Chapter 8 Legibility of the text transparency of its structure and the graphic

hierarchy of its layers

Chapter 9 The affinity between the copying of the text and its

decoration illumination and illustration

Chapter 10 Bibliographical codicological and palaeographical units and methods

for distinguishing between hands

Chapter 11 Hebrew palaeography Modes of Medieval book-script their diffusion

and function script types and their evolution

Branches of Hebrew script The ldquoIslamicrdquo Latin ldquoChristianrdquo and

ldquoByzantinerdquo branch

The three-operation mode of the Hebrew script structure The Square

Semi-Cursive and Cursive the selection of mode and its function

Script types and their modes

Scripts in the Islamic zones The Eastern Islamic sub-branch The Middle

Eastern type

The Yemenite and the Persian sub-types

The Western Islamic sub-branch The Sefardic type

The scripts in the Western Christianity zones The Ashkenazi type

The Italian type

The Byzantine type

Chapter 12 Selected specimens of cursive scripts with annotated transcriptions

Chapter 13 The textual aspect Deliberate intervention in the transmission and

unconscious corruption

Publication of texts in the Middle Ages

Personal production and its impact on the transmission the scholarly

copying as against the duplication of texts by hired scribes

The implications on textual criticism and on the editing of texts

Afterword

Reflections on the mystery of the uniformity of Hebrew book craft in each

of the geo-cultural entities and on the extent of affinity to the host tradition

The evolution of manuscript book production ndash progression or regression

1 Production techniques

2 Line management

3 Legibility of the text and its transparency

4 The transmission of the text

5

Detailed Table of Contents

List of Abbreviations and Selected Bibliography 9

Preface 27

Chapter 1 Introduction 35

1 The codex 35

The diffusion of the codex and its late adoption by the Jews 37

The rotulus 44

2 Codicology ndash its development its new approach to the study of the hand-produced book

its trends 47

3 Hebrew Codicology 50

Tables 1-3 Distribution of immigrant scripts 56

4 Extant manuscripts geo-cultural distribution of codicological practices and types of

book script 61

Findings of the surviving manuscripts 61

Table 4 Geo-cultural distribution of genres of manuscripts dated before 1540 66

Branches and main types of codicological traditions and script styles 73

Five main types of book craft and script 73

Map of the geo-cultural division of the main types and sub-types of Hebrew book craft and

script 81

Tables 5-10 General statistics of the database geo-cultural chronological and geo-

chronological diffusion of the dated manuscripts until 1540 82

Table 5 The manuscripts and various types of records in the SfarData database 82

5 The unique character of Hebrew book production 86

Tables 11-13 Distribution of production destinations and the ratio of self-production

versus commissioned production 107

6 The indispensability of the comparative perspective for Hebrew codicology 114

Chapter 2 Colophon Components and Scribal Formulae 119

1 Names of manuscript producers and division of labour between them 124

Vocalisers masoretes illustrators editors and binders 126

Components of the names 134

Blessing formula for the living and deceased 136

Honorifics 141

Copyistsrsquo expressions of humility 144

Appendix How did scribes disclose their names by the copied text and multi-handed

manuscripts 146

6

2 Destination of copying 162

3 Dating systems 163

4 Indication of locality 171

5 Personal and historical information 176

6 Information on copying conditions and on the exemplar 181

7 The duration of copying and its pace 184

8 Blessings 193

9 Scribal formulae at the end and the beginnings of the copyings and at the bottom of the

pages 196

Apotropaic wishes at the bottom of the page 203

Chapter 3 Writing Materials 211

1 Parchment 219

Ashkenazic parchment 225

Appendix Comparison of the parchment in Ashkenazic manuscripts to parchment in Latin

manuscripts produced in the same areas 231

2 Paper 237

Oriental (Arabic) and Occidental paper 239

Paper produced between the eleventh and thirteenth century in the Western Muslim

countries (in Spain and the Maghreb) and in thirteenth century Christian Spain 244

The disposition types of laid and chain lines in Oriental paper 249

a Wireless paper 251

b Laid paper 253

c Laid and chain lines 254

3 Combination of paper and parchment (mixed quiring) 261

Tables 14-16 Distribution of writing materials until 1500 267

Size and formats 269

4 Ink 275

Chapter 4 Quiring 281

Ordering of the parchment bifolia 287

The beginning of the quire 290

Quire composition practices 292

Summary of quiring practices in Hebrew manuscripts according to geo-cultural zones

based on the corpus under discussion 302

Tables 17-19 Quiring practices classified by geo-cultural entities 308

Binding 309

Appendix קונטרס or the distribution and spellings of a term and its codicological - קוטרס

meanings 315

7

Chapter 5 Marking the sequence of quires bifolia or folios in the codex 331

1 Catchwords and counter-catchwords 335

A Catchwords 337

A2 Bifolium catchwords 341

A3 Folio catchwords 342

B Counter-catchwords 345

2 Signatures 347

2a Quire signatures 349

The placement of the quire signatures 350

2b Bifolium signatures 355

2c Foliation (folio signatures) 356

3 Marking the middle opening of the quire 357

Decorative Masora in transitional openings between quires 361

Tables 20-22 Geo-cultural distribution of means to ensure the order of the codex 362

9

List of Abbreviations and Selected Bibliography

Abrahams Ethical Wills = Hebrew Ethical Wills ed I Abrahams vol 1 Philadelphia

1926 (Reprint 1976)

Agati Introduzione alla codicologia = ML Agati Il libro manoscritto Introduzione alla

codicologia (Studia Archeologica 124) Rome 2003

Agati Codicologia comparata = Idem Il libro manuscritto da Oriente a Occidente Per una

codicologia comparata Rome 2009

Agati Compendium = Idem The Manuscript Book A Compendium of Codicology Rome

2017

Allony Jewish Library = Jewish Library in the Middle Ages Book Lists from the Cairo

Genizah Jerusalem 2006 (in Hebrew)

Amar lsquoPaper Industryrsquo = Z Amar lsquoThe History of the Paper Industry in Al-Sham in the

Middle Agesrsquo in Towns and Material Culture in the Medieval Middle East ed Y

Lev (The Medieval Mediterranean Peoples Economies and Cultures 400ndash1453 39)

LeidenndashBostonndashCologne pp 119ndash133

Assaf BeOholey Yalsquoaqov = S Assaf BeOholey Yalsquoaqov Jerusalem 1943 (in Hebrew)

Assaf Mekorot = Idem Mekorot le-Toldhot ha-Hinukh be Yisrael A Source Book for the

History of Jewish Education from the Beginning of the Middle Ages to the Period of

the Haskalah New edition [of the Tel-AvivmdashJerusalem edition vols 1-4 1923-

1943 in Hebrew) edited and annotated by Sh Glick vols 1-3 New Yorkmdash

Jerusalem 2002

Beit-Arieacute Hebrew Codicology = M Beit-Arieacute Hebrew Codicology Tentative Typology of

Technical Practices Employed in Hebrew Dated Medieval Manuscripts Jerusalem

1981 reprint of Paris 1977 edition with addenda and corrigenda

Beit-Arieacute lsquoColophonsrsquo = Idem lsquoColophons in Hebrew Manuscripts Source of Information

on Book Production and Text Transmissionrsquo in Scribi e colofoni Le sottoscrizioni di

copisti dalle origini allrsquoavvento della stampa ndash Atti del seminario di Erice X

Colloquio del Comiteacute international de paleacuteographie latine 23ndash28 ottobre 1993 ed E

Condello amp G De Gregorio (Biblioteca del Centro per il collegamento degli studi

Medievali e umanistici in Umbria 14) Spoleto 1995 pp 495ndash504 and tables IndashV

10

Beit-Arieacute East and West = Idem Hebrew Manuscripts of East and West Towards a

Comparative Codicology (The Panizzi Lectures 1992) London 1993

Beit-Arieacute lsquoHebrew Script in Spainrsquo = Idem lsquoHebrew Script in Spain Development

Offshoots and Vicissitudesrsquo in Moreshet Sefarad The Sephardi Legacy ed H

Beinart vol 1 Jerusalem 1992 pp 282ndash317 Spanish version Idem lsquoLa caligrafigravea

hebrea en Espantildea Desarollo ramificaciones y vicisitudesrsquo in Morešet Sefarad El

legado de Sefarad ed H Beinart vol 1 Jerusalem 1992 pp 289ndash325

Beit-Arieacute lsquoIdeals Versus Realityrsquo = Idem lsquoIdeals Versus Reality Scribal Prescriptions in

Sefer Hasidim and Contemporary Scribal Practices in Franco-German Manuscriptsrsquo

Rashi 1040ndash1990 ndash Congregraves europeacuteen des Eacutetudes juives ed G Sed-Rajna Paris

1993 pp 559ndash566 pls 1ndash17

Beit-Arieacute lsquoOriental Paper Patternsrsquo = Idem lsquoQuantitative Typology of Oriental Paper

Patternsrsquo in Zerdoun Bat-Yehouda (ed) Le papier au Moyen Acircge Histoire et

techniques (Bibliologia 19) Turnhout 1999 pp 41ndash53

Beit-Arieacute lsquoPublic Librariesrsquo = Idem lsquoWere there Jewish lsquoPublicrsquo Libraries in the Middle

Ages The Individualistic Nature of the Hebrew Medieval Book Production and

Consumptionrsquo Zion 65 (2000) pp 441-451 (in Hebrew) [Reprinted in Libraries and

Book Collections eds Y Kaplan amp M Pluhowsky Jerusalem 2006 pp 91-103)

Beit-Arieacute lsquoPublication of Literary Textsrsquo = Idem lsquoPublication and Reproduction of

Literary Texts in Jewish Medieval Civilization Jewish Scribality and its Impact on

the Texts Transmittedrsquo in Transmitting Jewish Traditions Orality Textuality and

Cultural Diffusion ed Y Elman amp I Gershoni New HavenndashLondon 2000 pp 225ndash

247

Beit-Arieacute lsquoSFARDATArsquo = Idem lsquoSFARDATA The Henri Schiller Codicological Database

of the Hebrew Palaeography Project Jerusalemrsquo Gazette du livre meacutedieacuteval 25

(automne 1994) pp 24ndash29

Beit-Arieacute lsquoStereotype and Individualityrsquo = Idem lsquoStereotype and Individuality in the

Handwriting of Medieval Scribesrsquo in Beit-Arieacute The Makings pp 77-92

French version lsquoSteacutereacuteotypes et individualiteacute dans les eacutecritures des copistes heacutebraiumlques du

Moyen Agersquo in Lrsquoeacutecriture le cerveau lrsquoœil et la main Actes u colloque international

du Centre National de la Recherches Scientifique Paris Collegravege de France 23 et 4

mai 1988 eds C Sirat J Irigoin E Poulle Turnhout 1990 (Bibliolgia 10) pp 201-

219

11

Beit-Arieacute lsquoCodicological Data-Basersquo = Idem lsquoThe Codicological Data-Base of the Hebrew

Palaeography Project A Tool for Localising and Dating Hebrew Medieval

Manuscriptsrsquo in Hebrew Studies ndash Papers Presented at a Colloquium on Resources

for Hebraica in Europe Held at the School of Oriental and African Studies University

of London 11ndash13 September 1989 ed D Rowland Smith amp PS Salinger (British

Library Occasional Papers 13) London 1991 pp 165ndash197

French version lsquoLa base de donneacutees codicologiques du Hebrew Palaeography

Project Un outil pour la localisation et la datation des manuscrits meacutedieacutevaux

heacutebreuxrsquo in Meacutethodologies informatiques et nouveaux horizons dans les recherches

meacutedieacutevales ndash Actes du colloque international de Saint-Paul-de-Vence 3ndash5 septembre

1990 ed J Hamesse (Socieacuteteacute Internationale pour lEacutetude de la Philosophie

Meacutedieacutevale Rencontre de Philosophie Meacutedieacutevale 2) [Turnhout] 1992 pp 17ndash67

Beit-Arieacute History of Production = Idem [The History of the Production of Medieval

Hebrew Manuscripts Progression of Regression] (in Hebrew) Proceedings of the

Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 8 fascicule 12 Jerusalem 2000

[=Proceedings of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 8 (1989-2000) pp

213-236 and plates 1-16]

Beit-Arieacute Makings = Idem The Makings of the Medieval Hebrew Book Jerusalem 1993

Beit-Arieacute England = Idem The Only Dated Medieval Hebrew Manuscript Written in

England (1189 CE) and the Problem of Pre-Expulsion Anglo-Hebrew Manuscripts

(Appendix I by M Banitt Appendix II by Z Anton-Rokeacuteah) London 1985

Beit-Arieacute lsquoTransmission of Textsrsquo = Idem lsquoTransmission of Texts by Scribes and Copyists

Unconscious and Critical Interferencesrsquo in Artefact and Text The Re-Creation of

Jewish Literature in Medieval Hebrew Manuscripts ndash Proceedings of a Conference

Held in the University of Manchester 28ndash30 April 1992 ed PhS Alexander amp A

Samely special issue Bulletin of John Rylands University Library of Manchester

753 (Autumn 1993) pp 33ndash51

Beit-Arieacute Unveiled Faces = Idem Unveiled Faces of Medieval Hebrew Books The

Evolution of Manuscript Production ndash Progression or Regression Jerusalem 2003

Beit-Arieacute lsquoWormsrsquo = Idem lsquoThe Worms Mahzor Its History and its Palaeographic and

Codicological characteristicsrsquo in M Beit-Arieacute Worms Mahzor ix-xxv Reprinted in

Beit- Arieacute The Makings pp 152-180

12

Beit-Arieacute amp Pasternak lsquoComfort of Readingrsquo = M Beit-Arieacute amp N Pasternak lsquoComfort of

Reading Comfort of Writing Some Reflections on Line Managementrsquo Gazette du

livre meacutedieacuteval 31 (automne 1997) pp 9ndash21

Berliner lsquoEin Gangrsquo = A Berliner lsquoEin Gang durch die Bibliotheken Italiensrsquo Gesammelte

Schriften vol 1 Frankfurt am Main 1913

Bernheimer Paleografia Ebraica = C Bernheimer Paleografia ebraica Florence 1924

Birnbaum Hebrew Scripts = SA Birnbaum The Hebrew Scripts London 1954 (vol 2 the

plates) and Leiden 1971 (vol 1 the text)

Bischoff Latin Palaeography = B Bischoff Latin Palaeography Antiquity and the Middle

Ages transl DOacute Croacuteiniacuten amp D Ganz Cambridge 1990

Blau Althebraumlischen Buchwesen = L Blau Studien zum althebraumlischen Buchwesen und zur

biblischen Litteraturgeschichte (Studien zum althebraumlischen Buchwesen und zur

biblischen Litteratur- u Textgeschichte 1 Reprinted from Jahresbericht der Landes-

Rabbinerschule in Budapest 19011902) Strasbourg 1902

Bonfil lsquoList of Hebrew Booksrsquo = lsquoA list of Hebrew Books from Imola from the Turn of the

Fourteenth Centuryrsquo in Shlomo Umberto Nahon Memorial Book Studies in the

History of Italian Jewry ed Robert Bonfil et al Jerusalem 1978 pp 42-67 (in

Hebrew)

Boyle Medieval Latin Palaeography = LE Boyle Medieval Latin Palaeography A

Bibliographical Introduction Toronto 1984

Bozzolo amp Ornato Codicologie quantitative = C Bozzolo amp E Ornato Pour une histoire

du livre manuscrit au Moyen Acircge Trois essais de codicologie quantitative Paris 1980

Briquet Filigranes = Les filigranes Dictionnaire historique des marques du papier degraves leur

apparition vers 1282 jusqursquoen 1600 ndash A Facsimile of the [Geneva] 1907 Edition with

Supplementary Material ed A Stevenson vols 1ndash4 Amsterdam 1968

Briquet Opuscula = CM Briquet Briquetrsquos Opuscula (Monumenta chartae Papyraceae

Historiam Illustrantia 4) Hilversum 1955

Brown A Palaeographerrsquos View = J Brown A Palaeographerrsquos View Selected Writings of

Julian Brown ed J Bately M Brown amp J Roberts London 1993

Busonero (ed) La fabbrica del codice = La fabbrica del codice Materiali per la storia del

libro nel tardo medioevo ed P Busonero et al Rome 1999

Busonero lsquoFascicolazionersquo = P Busonero lsquoLa fascicolazione del manoscritto nel basso

medioevorsquo in Busonero (ed) La fabrica del codice pp 31-139

13

Canart et al lsquoReacuteglure en couleurrsquo = P Canart et al lsquoRecherches preacuteliminaires sur les

mateacuteriaux utiliseacutes pour dans les manuscrits grecs et latinsrsquo Scriptorium 45 (1991)

pp 205ndash225

Casagrande Mazzoli lsquoRigaturarsquo = MA Casagrande Mazzoli lsquoForatura rigatura e pectines

in codici italiani tardoMedievalirsquo Aevum 71 (1997) pp 423ndash440

Catalogues

Bernheimer Catalogue = C Bernheimer Codices hebraici Bybliothecae

Ambrosianae Florence 1933

Cassuto Catalogue = U Cassuto Codices vaticani hebraici [Vatican City] 1956

De-Rossi Catalogue = GB De-Rossi Mss codices hebraici biblioth IB De-Rossi

vols 1ndash3 Parma 1803

Harkavy amp Strack Catalogue = A Harkavy amp HL Strack Katalog der

hebraumlischen Bibelhandschriften der kaiserlichen oumlffentlichen Bibliothek in St

Petersburg St PetersburgndashLeipzig 1875

Hirschfeld Catalogue = H Hirschfeld Descriptive Catalogue of the Hebrew Mss of

the Montefiore Library London 1904

Loewinger amp Weinryb Catalogue = DS Loewinger amp BD Weinryb Catalogue of

the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Library of the Juumldisch-theologisches Seminar in

Breslau Wiesbaden 1965

Margoliouth Catalogue = G Margoliouth Catalogue of the Hebrew and Samaritan

Manuscripts in the British Museum vols 1ndash3 London 1899ndash1915 vol 4 by J

Leveen London 1935

Neubauer Catalogue = A Neubauer Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the

Bodleian Library and in the College Libraries of Oxford vol 1 Oxford 1886

Neubauer amp Beit-Arieacute Catalogue = Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the

Bodleian Library ndash Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol 1 (A Neubauerrsquos

Catalogue) Compiled [by the Institute of Microfilmed Hebrew Manuscripts at the

Jewish National and University Library Jerusalem] under the direction of M Beit-

Arieacute [who provided palaeographical identifications of the manuscripts] ed R May

Oxford 1994

Neubauer amp Cowley Catalogue = A Neubauer amp AE Cowley Catalogue of the

Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library vol 2 Oxford 1906

Ohel David Catalogue = DS Sassoon Ohel David Descriptive Catalogue of the

Hebrew and Samaritan Manuscripts in the Sassoon Library vols 1ndash2 London 1932

14

Richler amp Beit-Arieacute Catalogue (Vatican) = Hebrew Manuscripts in the Vatican

Library ndash Catalogue Compiled by the Staff of the Institute of Microfilmed Hebrew

Manuscripts in the Jewish National and University Library Jerusalem ed B Richler

Palaeographical and Codicological Descriptions by M Beit-Arieacute in collaboration with

N Pasternak (Studi e testi 438) Vatican City 2008

Richler amp Beit-Arieacute Catalogue (Parma) = Hebrew Manuscripts in the Biblioteca

Palatina in Parma ndash Catalogue ed B Richler Palaeographical and Codicological

Descriptions by M Beit-Arieacute Jerusalem 2001

Roacuteth amp Striedel Catalogue = E Roacuteth amp H Striedel Die Handschrifteh der

Sammlung HB Levy an der Staats- und Universitaumltsbibliothek Hamburg

(Verzeichnis der orientalischen Handscriften in Deutschland 63 Hebraumlische

Handschriften 3) Wiesbaden 1984

Schwarz Catalogue (Austria) = AZ Schwarz Die hebraumlischen Handschriften in

Oumlsterreich vol 1 Leipzig 1931

Schwarz Catalogue (OumlNL) = Idem Die hebraumlischen Handschriften in der

Nationalbibliothek in Wien Leipzig 1925

Steinschneider Catalogue (Berlin) = M Steinschneider Die Verzeichnis der

hebraumlischen Handschriften (Handschriften-Verzeichnisse der Koumlniglichen Bibliothek

zu Berlin 2) vols 1ndash2 Berlin 1878ndash1897

Steinschneider Catalogue (Hamburg) = Idem Catalog der hebraumlischen

Handschriften in der Stadtbibliothek zu Hamburg Hamburg 1878

Catane Gloses = M Catane Recueil des Gloses Jerusalem 1988 (in Hebrew enlarged

edition)

Chwolson Corpus inscriptionum = D Chwolson Corpus inscriptionum hebraicarum

Enthaltend Grabschriften aus der Krim und andere Grab- und Inschriften in alter

hebraumlischer Quadratschrift sowie auch Schriftproben aus Handschriften vom IXndashXV

Jahrhundert St Petersburg 1882 (Reprint Hildesheim 1974)

Codices hebraicis = Codices hebraicis litteris exarati quo tempore scripti fuerint exhibentes

(Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi Series Hebraica IndashIV)

Part I M Beit-Arieacute C Sirat M Glatzer in collaboration with T Leiter et al

Jusqursquoagrave 1020 ParisndashJerusalemndashTurnhout 1997

Part II M Glatzer C Sirat M Beit-Arieacute in collaboration with T Leiter et al De

1021 agrave 1079 ParisndashJerusalemndashTurnhout 1999

15

Part III C Sirat M Beit-Arieacute M Glatzer in collaboration with T Leiter et al De

1085 agrave 1140 ParisndashJerusalemndashTurnhout 2002

Part IV M Beit-Arieacute C Sirat M Glatzer in collaboration with T Leiter et al De

1144 agrave1200 ParisndashJerusalemndashTurnhout 2006

Danzig lsquoRulingrsquo = N Danzig lsquoSirtut sifrei qodeshrsquo in Atara leḥayim ed D Boyarin et al

Jerusalem 2000 (in Hebrew)

Deacuteroche Islamic Codicology = F Deacuteroche in collaboration with A Berthier et al Islamic

Codicology An Introduction to the Study of Manuscripts in Arabic Script transl D

Dusinberre amp D Radzinowicz ed M Isa Waley London 2005

Deacuteroche Manuscrits du Coran = Idem Bibliothegraveque nationale deacutepartement des manuscrits

ndash Catalogue des manuscrits arabes part 2 Manuscrits musulmans vol 1 fasc 1

Les manuscrits du Coran Aux origines de la calligraphie coranique Paris 1983

Deacuteroche amp Sagaria Rossi Manoscritti in caratteri arabi = F Deacuteroche amp V Sagaria Rossi I

manoscritti in caratteri arabi (Scritture e libri del medioevo 9) Rome 2012

Deacuteroche amp Richard lsquoDu parchemin au papierrsquo F Deacuteroche amp F Richard lsquoDu parchemin

au papier Remarques sur quelques manuscrits du Proche-Orientrsquo in Hoffmann (ed)

Codicologie compareacutee pp 183-197

Deacuteroche amp Richard (eds) Scribes et manuscrits du Moyen-Orient = Scribes et

manuscrits du Moyen-Orient ed F Deacuteroche amp F Richard Paris 1997

Derolez Codicologie = A Derolez Codicologie des manuscrits en eacutecriture humanistique sur

parchemin vols 1ndash2 Turnhout 1984

Dukan Bible heacutebraiumlque = M Dukan La Bible heacutebraiumlque Les codices copieacutes en Orient et

dans la zone seacutefarade avant 1280 Turnhout 2006

Dukan Reacuteglure = Idem La reacuteglure des manuscrits heacutebreux au Moyen Age vols 1ndash2 Paris

1988

Engel lsquoStyles of Hebrew Scriptrsquo = E Engel lsquoStyles of Hebrew Script in the Tenth and

Eleventh centuries in Light of Dated and Datable Geniza Documentsrsquo Teʻuda 15

(1999) pp365-412 (in Hebrew)

Gacek Glossary (2001) = A Gacek The Arabic Manuscrip[t] Tradition A Glossary of

Technical Terms and Bibliography LeidenndashBoston 2001

Gacek Glossary (2008) = Idem The Arabic Manuscript Tradition A Glossary of Technical

Terms and Bibliography ndash Supplement LeidenndashBoston 2008

Gacek Vademecum = Idem Arabic Manuscripts A Vademecum for Readers Leidenndash

Boston 2009

16

Gil History of Palestine = M Gil A History of Palestine 639-1099 tr E Broido New

York 1992 [an enlarged version of the first volume of the Hebrew book Erets

Yisrarsquoel batequfa hamuslemit harishona vols 1-3 Tel-Aviv 1983]

Gil Jews in Islamic Countries = Idem Jews in Islamic Countries in the Middle Ages Leiden

2004

Glatzer Aleppo = M Glatzer lsquoMelekhet hasefer shel Keter Aram Tsovarsquo Sefunot 4 (19)

(1989) pp 167-276 (in Hebrew)

Goitein Mediterranean Society = SD Goitein A Mediterranean Society The Jewish

Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza

vols 1ndash5 BerkeleyndashLos Angeles 1967ndash1988 (vol 6 Indexes 1993)

Gumbert lsquoBible Glossesrsquo = JP Gumbert lsquoThe Layout of the Bible Glosses in Manuscript

and Early Printrsquo in The Bible as Book The First Printed Editions ed P Saenger amp

K van Kampen LondonndashNew Castle Del 1999 pp 7ndash13

Gumbert lsquoCodicological Unitsrsquo = Idem lsquoCodicological Units Towards a Terminology for

the Stratigraphy of the Non-Homogeneous Codexrsquo in Il codice miscellaneo

Tipologie e funzioni ndash Atti del Convegno internazionale Cassino 14ndash17 maggio

2003 ed E Crisci amp O Pecere special issue Segno e testo 2 (2004) pp 17ndash42

Gumbert lsquoFifty years of Codicologyrsquo = Idem lsquoFifty years of Codicologyrsquo Archiv fuumlr

Diplomatik 50 (2004) pp 505ndash526

Gumbert Gilbertrsquos Gloss = Idem lsquoGilbertrsquos Gloss and Lead Rulingrsquo Gazette du livre

meacutedieacuteval 42 (2003) pp 51ndash52

Gumbert lsquoRuling by Rakersquo = Idem lsquoRuling by Rake and Boardrsquo in The Role of the Book

in Medieval Culture ndash Proceedings of the Oxford International Symposium 26

September ndash 1 October 1982 vol 1 ed P Ganz (Bibliologia 3) Turnhout 1986 pp

41ndash54

Gumbert Words for Codices = Idem Words for Codices An English Codicological

Terminology Lopik Utrecht 2005 (State of January 20 2005) Words for Book A

Codicological Terminology in English Part 2 Scribes and Their Tools Part 3 From

Sheet to Page (State of May 2009) [Oxford 2009]

Hoffmann (ed) Codicologie compareacutee = Recherches de codicologie compareacutee ndash La

composition du codex au Moyen Acircge en Orient et en Occident ed P Hoffmann Paris

1998

Humbert lsquoPapiers non filigraneacutesrsquo = G Humbert lsquoPapiers non filigraneacutes utiliseacutes au Proche-

Orient jusqursquoen 1450rsquo Journal Asiatique 2861 (1998) pp 1ndash54

17

Hunter Papermaking = D Hunter Papermaking the History and Technique of an Ancient

Craft2 New York 1967

Irigoin lsquoCentres de copie byzantinsrsquo = J Irigoin lsquoPour une eacutetude des centres de copie

byzantinsrsquo Scriptorium 12 (1958) pp 208ndash227 13 (1959) pp 177ndash209

Irigoin lsquoDatation par les filigranesrsquo = Idem lsquoLa datation par les filigranes du papierrsquo

Codicologica Towards a Science of Handwritten Books vol 5 Les mateacuteriaux du

livre manuscrit ed A Gruys amp JP Gumbert Leiden 1980 pp 9ndash36

Irigoin lsquoPapiers non filigraneacutesrsquo = Idem lsquoLes papiers non filigraneacutes Eacutetat preacutesent des

recherches et prospectives drsquoavenirrsquo in Ancient and Medieval Book Materials and

Techniques (Erice 18ndash25 september 1992) vol 1 ed M Maniaci amp P Munafograve

(Studi e testi 357) Vatican City 1993 pp 265ndash312

Irigoin lsquoPremiers manuscrits grecsrsquo = Idem lsquoLes premiers manuscrits grecs eacutecrits sur

papier et le problegraveme du bombycinrsquo Scriptorium 4 (1950) pp 194ndash204

[=Griechische Kodikologie und Textuumlberlieferung ed D Halfinger Darmstadt 1980

pp 132ndash143]

Karabacek Arabischer Papier = J Karabacek Das arabischer Papier (Mittheilungen aus

der Sammlung der Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer 23) Vienna 1887

English translation J von Karabacek Arabic Paper transl D Baker amp S Dittmar

with additional notes by D Baker London 2001 (first published in wirobound format

by Islington Books 1991)

Karabacek Neue Quellen = Idem Neue Quellen zur Papiergeschichte (Mittheilungen aus

der Sammlung der Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer 4) Vienna 1888

Ker English Manuscripts = NR Ker English Manuscripts in the Century after the Norman

Conquest Oxford 1960

Le Leacuteannec-Bavaveacuteas Papiers non filigraneacutes = M-T Le Leacuteannec-Bavaveacuteas Les papiers

non filigraneacutes meacutedieacutevaux de la Perse agrave lrsquoEspagne Bibliographie 1950ndash1995 Paris

1998

Levey lsquoMediaeval Arabic Bookmakingrsquo = M Levey Mediaeval Arabic Bookmaking and

its Relation to Early Chemistry and Pharmacology (Transactions of the American

Philosophical Society ns vol 52 pt 4) Philadelphia 1962

Lemaire Codicologie = J Lemaire Introduction agrave la codicologie Louvain-Le-Neuve 1989

Lieberman Greek = S Lieberman Greek in Jewish Palestine Studies in the Life and

Manner of Jewish Palestine in the II-IV centuries C E2 New York 1962

18

Loumlw Graphische Requisiten = L Loumlw Graphische Requisiten und Erzeugnisse bei den

Juden (his Beitraumlge zur Juumldischen Alterthumskunde 1) Leipzig 1870ndash1871 (Reprint

Farnborough 1969)

Lowe Beneventan Script = EA Lowe The Beneventan Script Oxford 1914

Lowe CLA = EA Lowe Codices Latini Antiquiores A Palaeographical Guide of Latin

Manuscripts Prior to the Ninth Century vols 1ndash12 Oxford 1934ndash1972

Maniaci Archeologia = M Maniaci Archeologia del manoscritto Metodi problemi

bibliografia recente Rome 2002

Maniaci Gestione della pagina = Idem Construzione e gestione della pagina nel

manoscritto bizantino Cassino 2002

Maniaci amp Munafograve (eds) Book Materials and Techniques = Ancient and Medieval Book

Materials and Techniques (Erice 18ndash25 september 1992) vols 1ndash2 ed M Maniaci

amp PF Munafograve (Studi e testi 357ndash358) Vatican City 1993

Manuscrits meacutedieacutevaux = Manuscrits meacutedieacutevaux en caractegraveres heacutebraiumlques portant des

indications de date jusqursquoagrave 1540

Part I C Sirat M Beit-Arieacute in collaboration with M Glatzer et al notes by M

Beit-Arieacute Bibliothegraveque de France et drsquoIsraeumll Manuscrits de grand format Parisndash

Jerusalem 1972 (in two volumes)

Part II M Beit-Arieacute C Sirat in collaboration with A Attali et al Bibliothegraveque de

France et drsquosraeumll Manuscrits de petit format jusqursquoagrave 1470 ParisndashJerusalem 1979 (in

two volumes)

Part III C Sirat M Beit-Arieacute in collaboration with A Attali et al Bibliothegraveque de

France et drsquoIsraeumll Manuscrits de petit format de 1471ndash1540 ParisndashJerusalem 1986

(in two volumes and supplement to part I)

MS = Manuscript

The notations for the manuscripts are comprised of the abbreviation MS followed by

the place-name of the library where they are kept the name of the library or

institution housing the manuscript and its call mark in that collection Manuscripts

kept in large collections are referred only by their place-name without the name of the

library The following are the place-names and libraries or institutions or their

abbreviations as employed in the manuscript references

Amsterdam UBA = Universiteitbibliotheek Rosenthaliana

Arras Bibliothegraveque municipale

19

Berlin = Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin ( Preussischer Kulturbesitz)

Bern BB = Burgerbibliothek

Bologna BU = Biblioteca Universitaria

Breslau Seminar = Juumldisch-theologisches Seminar in Breslau

Budapest MTA = Magyar Tudomaacutenyos Akadeacutemia Koumlnyvtagraver (Library of the

Hungarian Academy of Sciences)

Cambridge St Johnrsquos College = St Johnrsquos College

Cambridge Trinity College = Trinity College

Cambridge = University Library

Cincinnati HUC = Hebrew Union College

Copenhagen Royal Library = Det Kongelige bibliotek

Dresden Landesbib = Saumlchsische Landesbibliothek

Firenze Bib Nazionale = Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale

Firenze Bib Laurenziana = Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana

Frankfurt am Main UB = Universitaumltsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg

Hamburg = Staats- und Universitaumltsbibliothek

Karlsruhe Badische Landesbibliothek

Jerusalem = The National Library of Israel (formerly The Jewish National and

University Library)

Leiden University = Universiteitsbibliothek

Leipzig UB = Universitaumltsbibliothek

Lisbon Bib Nacional = Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal

Livorno Talmud Tora = Biblioteca del Talmud Tora

London = British Library

London Beth Din = Beth Din and Beth Hamidrash Library The manuscript

collection was offered for sale at Christiersquos Auction House in 1999

London Jews College = Jewsrsquo College (now London School of Jewish Studies)

Part of the libraryrsquos collection has been sold by Christie in 1999 the Montefiore

collection which had been deposited in this library was returned to the trustees

of the collection in 2001 and sold in 2004

London Valmadonna = Valmadonna Trust Library

The manuscript collection was sold by Sothebyrsquos in 2016 and 2017

Madrid Universitad = Biblioteca de la Universitad Compultese

20

Mantua CI = Comunitagrave Israelitica (kept in Biblioteca Comunale)

Milano BA = Biblioteca Ambrosiana

Moscow RSL = Russian State Library Guenzburg Collection

Munich = Bayerische Staasbibliothek

New York Columbia = Columbia University

New York = Jewish Theological Seminary of America

Oxford = Bodleian Library

Oxford CCC = Corpus Christi College

Paris AIU = Alliance israeacutelite universelle

Paris Bibliothegraveque Mazarine

Paris = Bibliothegraveque nationale de France

Parma = Biblioteca Palatina

Prague NL = National Library

Rome Bib Angelica = Biblioteca Angelica

Rome Bib Casanatense = Biblioteca Casanatense

Rome Bib Emanuele = Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Vittorio Emanuele II

Rovigo Accademia = Biblioteca dellrsquoAccademia Concordi

San Francisco Sutro = Sutro State Library

San Lorenzo de El Escorial = Biblioteca Real

Sassoon (private) formerly kept in Letchworth England a considerable part of the

large collection has been sold in auctions

St Petersburg = St Petersburg National Library of Russia

St Petersburg Oriental Institute = Oriental Institute of the Russian Academy of

Sciences

Strasbourg BNU = Bibliothegraveque nationale et universitaire

Toledo Cathedral = Archivo y Biblioteca Capitulares

Tuumlbingen UB = Universitaumltsbibliothek

Vatican = Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana

Venice Bib Marciana = Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana

Vienna OumlNB = Oumlsterreichische Nationalbibliothek

Vienna IK = Israelitische Kultursgemeinde

Muzerelle Vocabulaire codicologique = D Muzerelle Vocabulaire codicologique

Reacutepertoire meacutethodique des termes franccedilais relatifs aux manuscrits Paris 1985

21

A multilingual hypertext edition of this illustrated dictionary has been published on the

internet version 11 2002-2003 httpvocabulaireirhtcnrsfrvocabhtm This edition

combines Italian and Spanish glossaries based on Muzerellersquos terminology which had

been printed earlier M Maniaci Terminologia del libro manuscritto (Addenda Studi

sulla conoscenza la conservazione e il restauro del materiale librario 3) Rome 1997

P Ostos M-L Padro amp E Rodriacuteguez Vocabulario de codicologia Madrid 1997

The online edition also experiments with the inclusion of an incomplete set English

terms

Neddermeyer Von der Handschrift zum gedruckten Buch = U Neddermeyer Von der

Handschrift zum gedruckten Buch Schriftlichkeit und Leseinteresse im Mittelalter

und in der fruumlhen Neuzeit ndash Quantitative und qualitative Aspekte vols 1ndash2

(Buchwissenschliche Beitraumlge aus dem Deutchen Bucharchiv Muumlnchen 61)

Wiesbaden 1998

Olszowy-Schlanger Manuscrits heacutebreux = J Olszowy-Schlanger Les manuscrits heacutebreux

dans lrsquoAngleterre Etude historique et palaeacuteographique ParisndashDudley Mass 2003

Ornato Apologia = E Ornato Apologia dellrsquoapogeo Divagazioni sulla storia del libro nel

tardo medioevo Rome 2000

Ornato lsquoExigences fonctionnellesrsquo = E Ornato lsquoExigences fonctionnelles contraintes

mateacuterielles et pratiques traditionelles dans le livre meacutedieacuteval Quelques reacuteflexionsrsquo in

Rationalisierung der Buchherstellung im Mittelalter und in der fruumlhen Neuzeit ndash

Ergebnisse eines buchgeschichtlichen Seminars Wolfenbuumlttel 12ndash14 November 1990

ed P Ruumlck amp M Boghardt (Elementa diplomatica 2) Marburg an der Lahn 1994 pp

7ndash31 [=Ornato et ses collegravegues La face cacheacutee pp 117-159]

Ornato et ses collegravegues Face cacheacutee = La face cacheacutee du livre meacutedieacuteval Lrsquohistoire du livre

vue par Ezio Ornato ses amis ses collegravegues Rome 1997

Palma lsquoAspetti materialirsquo = M Palma lsquoModifiche di alcuni aspetti materiali della

produzione libraria latina nei secoli XII e XIIIrsquo Scrittura e civiltagrave 12 (1988) pp

119ndash133

Parkes Pause and Effect = MB Parkes Pause and Effect An Introduction to the History

of Punctuation in the West Aldershot 1992

Parkes Scribes = MB Parkes Their Hands before our Eyes A Closer Look at Scribes ndash

The Lyell Lectures Delivered in the University of Oxford 1999 Oxford 2008

Pasternak Together and Apart = N Pasternak lsquoTogether and Apart Hebrew Manuscripts

as Testimonies to Encounters of Jews and Christians in Fifteenth-Century Florence ndash