malaria: life threatening disease
DESCRIPTION
On the occasion of World Health Day 2014, this presentation throws light on MALARIA (the theme of this year) It gives an overview of plants that have medicinal properties to cure the dreaded disease.TRANSCRIPT
Happy World Health Day
07.04.2014
Wishes from
Dr. Sudhakar Kokate
Director PPRC, India
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Theme
:
Vector-borne diseases
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Presented by Dr. Sudhakar KokateDirector PPRC, India
Eradication of MALARIA
by
GLOBAL PLANTS
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Dedication
This presentation is dedicated to all patients
suffering from “Malaria: a life threatening
disease across the globe”. We wish them a
speedy recovery and healthy life
Vector-borne diseases
Malaria
Elephantiasis
Dengue fever
Chikungunya
Japan elephantiasis
Yellow fever
Leishmaniasis
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Vectors
Mosquitoes
Sand flies
Bugs
Ticks
Snails
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Mosquitoes
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Sand flies
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Bugs
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Ticks
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Snails
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Stat 40% of world population is at risk from Dengue
1.3 million new cases of Leishmaniasis annually
> 50% population is at risk of vector-borne diseases
Poorest people affected at large
Malaria – the most deadly VBD 660,000 deaths/year
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World Malaria Report 2013 Global efforts to control and eliminate Malaria – VBD
saved
3.3 million lives since 2000 – 45% globally, 49% in Africa
No. of countries with highest Malaria burden – 10
Max. effect – children below 5 yrs.PPRC/INDIA 13
Facts of file Serious disease having high fever, chills and muscle pain
Body weakness
Bite by mosquito Anopheles infected with Plasmodium
parasite
Most in Africa, Southern Asia and Central America
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Malaria transmission cyclePPR
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Malaria disease control
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Malaria
:
Phyto-therapy
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Musa sapientumPPR
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Citrus limonPPR
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Carica papayaPPR
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Mangifera indicaPPR
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Guiera senegalensisPPR
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Psidium guajavaPPR
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Cymbopogon citratusPPR
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Artemisia annuaPPR
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Vernonia amygdalinaPPR
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Zea maysPPR
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Zingiber officinalePPR
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Allium sativumPPR
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Cuminum cyminumPPR
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Curcuma longaPPR
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NEEM & TULSI
:
Effective remedies to keep
Malaria out of home
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The Ubiquitous Tulsi
Ocimum spp.
from vedas to modern times
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The earth is our mother.
She nourishes us that which
we put into the ground, she
returns to us likewise.
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Ocimum
Family: Labitae
A genus of aromatic herbs
Distributed in tropical and warm temperate regions of the
world
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Ocimum
Total species on the globe: 160
India has 9 species, 3 have become extinct
Nomenclature and varieties complicated
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About Ocimum
Yields essential oils, Hybrids also yield oils
Shows different physio-chemical properties
Ocimum oils are classified on the basis of their chemical
compositionPPRC/INDIA 37
Significant Ocimum species
Ocimum americanum
Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum minimum …. Subspp.
Ocimum gratissimumPPRC/INDIA 38
Significant Ocimum species
Ocimum kilimandscharicum
Ocimum viride
Ocimum sanctum
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Country-wise distribution Europe: O. basilicum, O. gratissimum
China: O. basilicum Linn.
Philippines islands: O. basilicum, O. gratissimum
India: O. sanctum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharicum
S. Africa: O. sanctum, O. viridae PPRC/INDIA 40
O. americanumPPR
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Etyology of O. americanum
Sankrit: Ajaka, Gambhira, Kuthera
Hindi: Kali tulsi, Mamri
Telugu: Kukka tulsi
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Etyology of O. americanum
Tamil, Kannada: Nayi tulsi
Malyalam: Kattu tulsi
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O. americanum Linn.(O. canum) sims.
An erect, sweet scented pubescent herb
Height: 30 – 60 cm
Grows in waste lands
Cultivated fields throughout India PPRC/INDIA 44
O. americanum Linn.(O. canum) sims.
Leaves: glabrous, gland dotted
Flowers: small white, purple, closely set whorls
spiciform racemes
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O. americanum Linn.(O. canum) sims.
Propagation: cultivation by seeds
Seeds: mucilaginous, fixed oil (yield: 8 – 11 %)
Characteristics and composition vary
The plant used as a pot-herb PPRC/INDIA 46
O. americanum Linn.(O. canum) sims.
The seeds are used as food in mixture with other grains
in times of scarcity
Considered as diuretic, tonic, preparation of cooling
drinkPPRC/INDIA 47
O. americanum Linn.(O. canum) sims.
Steam distillation: pale yellow oil 0.7% yield, Odour of
lemon and lavender
Properties: aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic and
stimulantPPRC/INDIA 48
O. americanum Linn.(O. canum) sims.
Medicinal properties: useful in cough, dysentery,
toothache, cold, catarrh skin infection
Shows anti-bacterial activity against – Micrococcus
pyogenes var. aureus and E. coli
Volatile oil inhibits the growth of tubercular bacilliPPRC/INDIA 49
O. americanum Linn.(O. canum) sims.
Leaf oil shows anti-bacterial activity against Mycobacteria
Useful in soap, cosmetic industry as a perfume
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O. basilicumPPR
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Etyology of O. basilicum
Sankrit: Munjarika, Surasa, Varvara
Hindi: Babui tulsi, Gulal tulsi, Kali tulsi, Marua
Telugu: Bhutulsi, Rudrajada, Vesudupaccha
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Etyology of O. basilicum
Tamil: Tirnirupachai, Karpura tulsi
Kannada: Kama kasturi, Sajjagida
Marathi: Marva, Sabza
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Etyology of O. basilicum
Gujrathi: Damaro, Nasabo, Sabza
Oriya: Dhala tulsi, Kapur kanti
Kashmiri: Niazbo
Punjabi: Furrunj mushk, Baburi, Niyazbo panrPPRC/INDIA 54
O. basilicum Linn.
Sweet Basil, Common basil
An erect, glabrous herb, height: 30 – 90 cm
Native of Central Asia, Northwest India
Leaves ovate – lanceolate, acuminate, toothedPPRC/INDIA 55
O. basilicum Linn.
Basilicum yields – “Oil of Basil” used as a flavouring agent
as perfume
Propagated by seeds
Sweet basil possesses a clove-like aromatic scent
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O. basilicum Linn.
Numerous varieties: Var. basilicum, Var. pilosum Benth,
Var. majus Benth, Var. difforme Benth, Var. purpurascens
Benth, Var. glabratum Benth
Sweet basil possess a clove-like scent i.e. aromaticPPRC/INDIA 57
O. basilicum Linn.
The characteristics of oil varies with region four types:
- European - Methyl
- Reunion - Eugenol
PPRC/INDIA 58
O. basilicum Linn.
1. European type: Basil grown in Europe, America. Known
as oil of Sweet Basil. Active principle: Methyl chavicol
2. Reunion: Distilled of Reunion Island, Madagascar
Constituent: Methyl chavicol and camphor seychellesPPRC/INDIA 59
O. basilicum Linn.
3. Methyl type: Distilled in Bulgaria, Sicily, Egypt. Active
principle: Chavicol, Methyl Cinn.
4. Eugenol type: Distilled in Java, Seychelles, USSR. Active
principle: EugenolPPRC/INDIA 60
Oil of Sweet Basil
As a flavouring agent for:
1. Confectionary
2. Baked goods
3. Sauces
4. Tomato pastes
5. Pickles
6. Fancy vinegars
7. Spiced meats, Sausages
8. BeveragesPPRC/INDIA 61
Oil of Sweet Basil
Scenting dental and oral preparations
Used also for perfume compounds
Soap perfumes
Basil oil possesses insecticidal and insect repellent properties
PPRC/INDIA 62
Oil of Sweet Basil
Aqueous extracts of seeds are active against gram – positive
bacteria and mycobacteria
Properties of plant – stomachic, anthelmintic, alexipharmic,
antipyretic, diaphoretics, expectorant, carminative, stimulant,
pectoralPPRC/INDIA 63
Oil of Sweet Basil
Diseases curing: Cephaalgia, Gouty joints, for foul breath,
throat irritation, constipation, piles
Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of flowers possess anti-
bacterial activity against:- Micrococcus Pyogenes var. aureus
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Oil of Sweet Basil
Seeds possess demulcent, stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic and
cooling properties
Effective against houseflies, mosquitoes, Salmonella typhosa
The plant is used in homeopathic medicines
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O. gratissimumPPR
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O. gratissimum Shrubby Basil
A tall much branched perennial shrub
Height: 1 – 2.5 m, found all over India
Leaves: Ovate, Flowers: Pale green, strongly scented
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Characteristics and composition of oil vary with different
areas
Two types of volatile oils: 1. With Thymol 2. With Eugenol
Oil possesses marked bacterial activity and low toxicity
O. gratissimum
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Oil inhibits in-vitro growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes,
E. coli and Salmonella typhosa
O. gratissimum
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Disease curing: Inflammed joints, intestinal and uterine
masculatere, abdominal colic, toothache, cough, stomach
ache, urinary disorders
The plant is considered as digestive, tonic, stimulant, diuretic,
antiemetic, antiseptic
O. gratissimum
PPRC/INDIA 70
O. Kilimandscharicum GuerkaPPR
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O. Kilimandscharicum Guerka
Hindi, Marathi, Bengali: Kapur tulsi
An under shrub, native of Kenya (S. Africa)
Introduced and cultivated in India
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O. Kilimandscharicum Guerka
Leaves ovate / oblong, acute narrow at base
Readily propagated from seeds and cuttings
Grows in plains and hills +900 m height
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The crop ready for harvesting in 4 – 6 months after planting
Yield of oil and camphor vary with locality, season of harvest
and plant material distilled
O. Kilimandscharicum Guerka
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Oil possess anti-bacterial properties as that similar of O.
gratissimum
O. Kilimandscharicum – Primary source of camphor
Volatile oil – mosquito repellent, may be used as solvent of
DDT
O. Kilimandscharicum Guerka
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Oil – light yellow, odour of camphor content vary from 61 –
80.5%
Oil used as solvent and vehicle for metallic lusters on ceramic
bodies
O. Kilimandscharicum Guerka
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O. viridePPR
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O. virideFever plant of Sierra leone
A branched shrub height 1.8 m
Native of Africa and introduced in India
The plant highly scented
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O. virideLeaves ovate / obovate, margin toothed flowers cream white or
yellow
Leaves as flavouring agent in cooking and in salads
The plant is used as a poultice for rheumatism and lumbago
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O. virideVolatile oil – odour of thymol, pungent, spicy taste
A decoction of leaves is used in fevers and coughs
Leaves juice for catarrh and as eye drops for conjunctivitis
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O. sanctumPPR
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O. sanctum
Also known as Krishna Tulas, Holy Basil
India’s sacred religious worshipped plant of Hindus
In Sanskrit, 47 names are given to O. sanctum: Haripriya,
Suras, Sumedha, Vrinda, Surabhi,etc….
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O. sanctum
Erect, much branched sub-shrub
Simple opposite, green / purple leaves with strong scent
Leaves have petioles and are ovate
Flowers are purplish in elongate racemes in close whorls
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O. sanctum
Chemicals: Thymol, Eugenol, Essential oils, Flavonoids, etc.
Properties: > 60 e.g. anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-AIDS
and anti-ulcer amongst many others
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Healing power of Tulsi
Malaria
Mouth ulcer
Anaemia
Body pain
Indigestion
Stomach ache
Vomiting
Diseases of intestine
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Healing power of Tulsi
Burns
Diarrhoea
Earache
Jaundice
Worms
Bronchitis
Cancer
Leprosy PPRC/INDIA 86
Healing power of Tulsi
Cough
Hair problems
Eczema
Throat pain
Fever
Flu and cold
Chest pain
Tuberculosis PPRC/INDIA 87
Healing power of Tulsi
Headache
Skin diseases
Asthma
Toothache
Gum pain
Pneumonia
Acidity
Mental stressPPRC/INDIA 88
Healing power of Tulsi
Boils
Pollution
Kidney stone
Piles
Hiccups, faint
Ringworm
Infectious diseases
Bleeding PPRC/INDIA 89
Healing power of Tulsi
High B.P.
Liver diseases
Obesity
Constipation
Memory enhancing
Heart palpitation
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NEEMPPR
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NEEM
Extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani and Homeopathy
Cynosure of modern medicine
> 140 compounds isolated from various plant parts
All parts are usedPPRC/INDIA 92
Used for curing
Inflammation
Infections
Fever
Skin diseases
Dental disorders
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Medicinal properties
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-hyperglycaemic
Anti-ulcer
Anti-viral
Anti-oxidant
Anti-malarial
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Medicinal properties
Anti-mutagenic
Anti-carcinogenic
Anti-fungal
Anti-bacterial
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“BE WITH US”
Thank You !!