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Maher ABDESSATER M.D PGY IV Urology « Notre Dame des Secours » University Medical Center Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY

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Page 1: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Maher ABDESSATER M.D PGY IV Urology « Notre Dame des Secours » University Medical Center

Male hypogonadism

Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY

Page 2: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Defini&on  

•  Male  hypogonadism  is  a  clinical  syndrome  caused  by  inadequate  testosterone  (T)  produc&on  (androgen  deficiency)  that  is  accompanied  by  a  decline  in  sperm  produc&on  by  the  testes.  

•  N.B:  Diminished  spermatogenesis  with  normal  T  produc&on  causes  male  infer&lity  without  manifesta&ons  of  androgen  deficiency.  

Page 3: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

1-­‐  ETIOLOGY  AND  PATHOLOGY  

Page 4: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Role  of  testosterone  for  male    health  

Page 5: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a
Page 6: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a
Page 7: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

E0ology  •  Disrup&on  of  one  or  several  level  of  the  hypothalamic-­‐pituitary-­‐gonadal  axis:  

•  the  testes  (primary  hypogonadism)    •  the  hypothalamus  &  pituitary  (secondary  hypogonadism)    •  the  hypothalamus/pituitary  and  gonads  (hypogonadism  in  adult  men)  •  androgen  target  organs  (androgen  insensi&vity/resistance)  

Page 8: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a
Page 9: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a
Page 10: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Mixed  dysfunc5on  of  hypothalamus/pituitary  and  gonads  

 Combined  primary  and  secondary  tes&cular  failure    Low  testosterone  levels  and  variable  gonadotrophin  levels.      Gonadotrophin  levels  depend  on  the  predominant  primary  or  secondary  failure.      Also  known  as  late-­‐onset  hypogonadism  and  age-­‐related  hypogonadism  

Page 11: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Male  hypogonadism  due  to  defects  of  androgen  target  organs  

 •  Primarily  rare  defects  

•  Will  not  be  further  discussed  

•  AR  defects  with  complete,  par&al  and  minimal  androgen  insensi&vity  syndrome  – Reifenstein  syndrome  – bulbospinal  muscular  atrophy  (Kennedy  disease)  – 5a-­‐reductase  deficiency  

Page 12: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

•  The  classifica&on  of  hypogonadism  has  therapeu&c  implica&ons.  

•  In  secondary  hypogonadism:  hormonal  s&mula&on  with  hCG  and  FSH  or  alterna&vely  pulsa&le  GnRH  treatment  can  restore  fer&lity  

•  Combined  forms  of  primary  and  secondary  hypogonadism  can  be  observed  in  ageing  men,  mostly  obese,  with  a  concomitant  age-­‐related  decline  in  testosterone  levels  

Page 13: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

E.A.U  guidelines  

Page 14: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

2  -­‐  DIAGNOSTIC  EVALUATION  

Hypogonadism  is  diagnosed  on  the  basis  of  persistent  signs  and  symptoms  related  to  androgen  deficiency  and  assessment  of  consistently  low  testosterone  

levels  (at  least  on  two  occasions)  with  a  reliable  method  

Page 15: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a
Page 16: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

•  Signs  and  symptoms:  – Age  on  onset  – Dura&on  – Severity  of  the  deficiency  

•  Reference  ranges:  – 12.1  nmol/L  for  total  serum  testosterone  – For  free  testosterone  243  pmol/L  

Page 17: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

•  In  men  aged  40-­‐79  years  – 8  nmol/L  for  decreased  sexual  thoughts  – 8.5  nmol/L  for  erec&le  dysfunc&on  – 11  nmol/L  for  decreased  morning  erec&ons  – 13  nmol/L  for  diminished  vigour        

Total  testosterone  level  of  <  8  nmol/L  (280  ng/dL)                                                  or    Serum  testosterone  in  the  range  of  8-­‐11  nmol/L  and  free  testosterone  <  220  pmol/L  (34  pg/ml)(morning)  

Page 18: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

•  Hypogonadism  is  not  always  evident  by  low  testosterone  levels.    

•  For  example,  men  with  primary  tes&cular  damage  oben  have  normal  testosterone  levels  but  high  LH.    

•  Subclinical  or  compensated  form  of  hypogonadism  àhypogonadal  in  the  future.  

Page 19: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

History-­‐taking  and  ques0onnaires  •  Early  onsetà  primary  hypogonadism  

– minimal  pubertal  development  –  lack  of  development  of  secondary  sex  characteris&cs  – eunuchoid  body    

•  Adult-­‐onset  hypogonadism:  sexual  dysfunc&on,  obesity  and  loss  of  vigour.      Assess  and  exclude  systemic  illnesses,  signs  of  malnutri&on  and  malabsorp&on,  ongoing  acute  disease.    

Page 20: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

•  Pharmacological  treatments:  – cor&costeroids  – abuse  of  drugs  

•  Marihuana  •  Opiates  •  Alcohol  

– previous  treatment  or  use  of  testosterone  – abuse  of  anabolic  steroids.  

Page 21: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Physical  examina&on  •  BMI  •  waist-­‐hip  ra&o  •  body  hair  •  male  padern  •  hair  loss  •  gynaecomas&a  and  tes&cular  size(orchidometer  or  US)  

•  Structural  examina&on  of  the  penis  &  DRE  of  the  prostate.  

Page 22: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

E.A.U  guidelines  

Page 23: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

3  -­‐  Clinical  consequences  of  hypogonadism  

The  clinical  consequences  of  hypogonadism  are  determined  by  the  age  of  onset  and  the  severity  of  hypogonadism  

Page 24: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Prenatal  androgen  deficiency    •  First  14  WOG:  testosterone  à  virilisa&on  of  

the  external  male  genitalia.    

•  Androgen  deficiency  or  resistance  due  to  deficient  AR  or  LH  receptor  func&on  

àhypospadias,  female  external  genitalia  with  intra-­‐abdominal  tes&s.      Diagnosed  at  an  early  age:  clearly  abnormal  external  genitalia.    

Page 25: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Prepubertal  onset  of  androgen  deficiency    

•  At  puberty,  rising  gonadotrophin  àincrease  tes&cular  volume  &  ac&va&on  of  spermatogenesis  &  testosterone  secre&on  à  male  secondary  sex  characteris&cs  

•  Delayed  puberty:  absence  of  tes&cular  enlargement  at  the  age  of  14    

•  Does  not  necessarily  indicate  the  presence  of  a  disease.  

Page 26: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

•  If  severe  ,  hypogonadism  is  evident  (Table  4)  and  diagnosis  and  treatment  are  fairly  straighforward.    

•  The  major  challenge    – Differen&ate  from  a  cons&tu&onal  delay  in  puberty  

– when  to  start  androgen  treatment.    

Page 27: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a
Page 28: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Adult-­‐onset  hypogonadism    •  Testosterone  deficiency,  with  clinical  symptoms  or  

signs  in  a  person  who  has  had  normal  Secondary  sex  characteris&cs.  

•  Depending  on  the  underlying  cause  of  hypogonadism,  the  decline  in  gonadal  func&on  may  be  gradual  and  par&al.    

•  Signs  and  symptoms  may  be  obscured  by  the  physiological  phenotypic  varia&on.    

Page 29: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a
Page 30: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

•  Mul&factorial  e&ology,  and  can  also  be  found  in  men  with  completely  normal  testosterone  levels.  

   •  Confirma&on  of  a  clinical  suspicion  by  hormonal  tes&ng  is  mandatory  

•  Threshold  level  is  near  the  lower  level  of  the  normal  range  for  plasma  testosterone  levels  in  young  men,  but  wide  varia&on  exists.  

Page 31: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

E.A.U  guidelines  

Page 32: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

4  -­‐  DISEASE  MANAGEMENT  

Testosterone  treatment  aims  to  restore  testosterone  levels  to  the  physiological  range  in  men  with  consistently  low  levels  of  serum  testosterone  and  associated  

symptoms  of  androgen  deficiency.  The  aim  is  to  improve  QoL,  sense  of  well-­‐being,  sexual  func&on,  muscle  strength  and  bone  mineral  density.  

Page 33: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a
Page 34: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a
Page 35: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Benefits  of  treatment  

SEVERAL STUDIES

Page 36: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a
Page 37: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Hypogonadism  and  fer&lity  issues  

Page 38: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

•  Exogenous  testosterone  reduces  endogenous  testosterone  by  nega&ve  feedback  on  the  hypothalamic-­‐pituitary-­‐gonadal  axis.  

•  If  secondary  hypogonadism  +  fer&lity  issues,  hCG  trt  should  be  considered,  especially  in  men  with  low  gonadotrophins.    

•  hCG  s&mulates  testosterone  produc&on  of  Leydig  cells.    

•  Normal  physiological  serum  levels:  standard  dosage  of  1500-­‐5000  IU  IM  or  SC  twice  weekly.    

•  In  pa&ents  with  secondary  hypogonadism  &  fer&lity  issues,  hCG    is  combined  with  FSH  treatment  (150  IU  3  X  weekly  i.m.  or  s.c.)  to  induce  spermatogenesis.    

Page 39: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

E.A.U  guidelines  

Page 40: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

5-­‐  Risk  factors  in  testosterone  treatment  

Physicians  are  oben  reluctant  to  offer  TRT  especially  in  elderly  men  due  to  the  poten&al  risk  of  this  therapy:  on  the  prostate,  cardiovascular  risks  and  sleep  apnoea  

Page 41: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Many  studies  

Page 42: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

E.A.U  guidelines  

Page 43: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

6-­‐    

Page 44: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Monitoring  of  pa0ents  receiving  TRT    •  Regular  follow-­‐up  &  careful  monitoring  of  changes  in  

clinical  manifesta&ons  

•  Effects  of  TRT  on  sexual  interest  may  already  appear  aber  3  weeks  of  trt,  and  reach  a  plateau  at  6  weeks    

•  Changes  in  erec&le  func&on  and  ejacula&on:  up  to  6  months    

•  Effects  on  QoL  &  depressive  mood  is  detectable  within  1  month,  but  the  maximum  effect  may  take  longer  

Page 45: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

E.A.U  guidelines  

Page 46: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Bone  density    Bone  mineral  density  (BMD)  should  be  monitored  only  in  men  whose  BMD  was  abnormal  before  ini&a&on  of  TRT.      An  increase  in  lumbar  spine  BMD  may  already  be  detectable  aber  6  months  of  TRT  and  may  con&nue  for  3  more  years    

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Page 48: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

TRUE HYPOGONADISM

Page 49: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

A  Case  to  consider  

Page 50: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

A  moderately  obese  58  Y.O  man    Erec&le  dysfunc&on  (ED)    DM  II  à  peripheral  neuropathy  and  stage  2  CKF,  HTN,  DLP,  and  asthma.    Past  3  years:  erec&ons  poorly  sustained  and  penile  rigidity  insufficient  to  complete  sexual  intercourse,  despite  normal  sexual  desire    Excessive  fa&gue,  reduced  physical  ac&vity  and  a  10  kg  weight  gain  over  the  past  year.  

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•  Medica&ons:  meformin,  insulin,  acetaminophen  with  codeine,  hydrochlorothiazide,  atenolol,  lisinopril,  simvasta&n,  niacin,  and  inhaled  salmeterol  and  flu&casone.    

•  A  recent  asthma  exacerba&on  was  treated  with  a  pulse  and  tapering  doses  of  prednisone  over  2  weeks.  

•  He  smokes  1  pack  of  cigaredes  daily  but  no  longer  drinks  alcohol.  There  is  no  history  of  coronary  artery  disease,  prostate  or  bladder  surgery,  or  genitourinary  trauma.  

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•  BP  124/84  mmHg,  regular  pulse  64/min,  R.R  14/min,  BMI  35  

•  His  mood  is  mildly  depressed.  He  has  normal  skin  thickness;  mild  frontal  balding;  &  normal  axillary,  chest,  and  pubic  hair.  

•  A  3-­‐cm  nontender,  palpable  breast  &ssue  is  detected  bilaterally.    

•  Lung  and  C.V  exam  are  unremarkable.    

•  Despite  moderate  central  adiposity,  his  abdomen  is  without  striae.    

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•  His  penis  appears  normal.    

•  Tes&cular  volumes  are:  30  mL  on  the  right  and  35  mL  on  the  leb  (by  orchidometer).  

•   His  prostate  is  mildly  enlarged  without  palpable  nodules.    

•  Hair  loss  is  evident  on  his  lower  extremi&es,  and  dorsalis  pedis  and  posterior  &bial  pulses  are  absent  to  palpa&on.    

•  He  has  reduced  vibratory  sensa&on  in  both  feet,  but  intact  sensa&on  to  a  10-­‐g  monofilament.  Thigh  muscle  bulk  is  reduced,  though  thigh  strength  is  normal  

Page 54: Male hypogonadism - uroleb.orguroleb.org/sites/default/files/male hypogonadiam.pdf · Male hypogonadism Under the supervision of Prof. Raghid EL KHOURY . Definion(• Male(hypogonadism(is(aclinical(syndrome(caused(by(inadequate(testosterone((T)(produc&on((androgen(deficiency)(thatis(accompanied(by(a

Laboratory  evalua&on  •  Normal  CBC  •  HbA1c  8.3%  •  fas&ng  glucose  of  198  mg/Dl  •  es&mated  glomerular  filtra&on  rate  of  62  mL/min/1.73  m2  •  total  cholesterol,  200  mg/dL  ;  triglycerides,  366  mg/dL  ;  HDL  30  mg/dL  ;  LDL  97  mg/dL    

•  albumin,  3.2  g/dL    •  urine  protein  excre&on,  1022  mg/24  •  TSH    0.89  IU/L    •  PSA,  1.6  ng/mL    •  total  T,  248  ng/dL  

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QUIZ