male reproductive system. – gonads (testes) produce gametes (sperm) secrete the sex steroid...

Male Reproductive System

– Gonads (Testes)

• produce gametes (sperm)

• secrete the sex steroid hormones

• Organs of Male Reproduction

– Ducts (reproductive tract)

• Store Sperm

• Transport sperm


– Accessory Organs

• Secrete substances that support sperm


–External genitalia

•Penis

•scrotum


• Testes – Located in

the scrotum

– Cremaster and dartos muscles help to regulate temperature

• Testes – Within the testes:

• seminiferous tubules

–developing sperm



–developing sperm

–sustentacular cells



–developing sperm

–sustentacular cells

• interstitial cells

Spermatogenesis

Spermiogenesis

Spermatogenesis

• The testes descend from the abdomen during fetal development

• Ducts

–Epididymis

• Ducts

–Epididymis

– Vas deferens

• Ducts

–Epididymis

– Vas deferens

– Ejaculatory duct

• Ducts

–Epididymis

– Vas deferens

– Ejaculatory duct

– Urethra

• Ducts

•Accessory Glands

– Seminal vesicles

– Prostate gland

– Bulbourethral glands

• Semen

– sperm plus seminal fluid

• Semen


– 20-150 million sperm/ml

• Semen



– includes prostaglandins,

• Semen



– includes prostaglandins, bicarbonate,

• Semen



– includes prostaglandins, bicarbonate, fructose,

• Semen



– includes prostaglandins, bicarbonate, fructose, antibiotics,

• Semen



– includes prostaglandins, bicarbonate, fructose, antibiotics, & enzymes that activate sperm

• Semen

• Penis

– root & body

– glans & prepuce

• Penis

– erectile bodies

• corpus spongiosum

• coropora cavernosa

• Penis

– erectile bodies

• corpus spongiosum

• corpora cavernosa

–erections under the control of parasympathetic stimulation

– ejaculation: sympathetic

•Penis

• Spermatic cord

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Hormone Control of Male Reproduction

FSH & LH (ICSH)

Sperm production

Testosterone release

• Other Functions of Testosterone

– development, growth, & maintenance of male sex organs

– bone and muscle growth

– 2o sex characteristics

– aggression?

– libido

Female Reproductive System

• Organs of Female Reproduction

– Gonads (Ovaries)

– Reproductive tract

• uterine tubes

• uterus

• vagina


– External Genitalia


• Ovaries

–Held in place by ligaments

• ovarian ligaments

• suspensory ligaments

• Ovaries

– Produce gametes (ova)

– Secrete the sex steroid hormones

• Ovaries

– Contain thousands of follicles

– Each follicle contains one ovum

•Ovaries

– each month one follicle matures

– at ovulation: a mature follicle releases an ovum

• Ovaries

– hormones secreted include

• estrogens

• progestins (progesterone)

• Uterine Tubes

– Smooth muscle tubes

– Lined with ciliated columnar epithelium

• Uterine Tubes

– Features:

• infundibulum

• frimbriae

• ampulla

• Uterine Tubes

– Site of fertilization

– Pathway to uterus

• Uterus

– “Womb”– Held in place

by ligaments• broad ligament

• round ligament

• uterosacral ligament

• Uterus

– Site of

• embryo implantation

• embryo and fetal development

• labor

• Uterus

– Anatomical regions

• fundus

• body

• cervix

• Uterus

– Uterine wall consists of three layers

• endometrium

• myometrium

• perimetrium

• Uterus

– Endometrium divided into

•functional zone

•basilar zone

• Vagina

– muscular tube between urinary bladder and rectum

•Vagina

– pathway for sperm

– pathway for menstrual flow

– birth canal

– vaginal opening may be partially covered by the hymen

• Vagina

– lined with stratified squamous epithelium

• External genitalia: vulva

• labia minora

• vestibule

• labia majora

• mons pubis

• clitoris

• Accessory Structures

• Paraurethral glands

• Vestibular glands

•Accessory Structures

• Vestibular Bulb

• Mammary Glands

• 10-15 lobes

• each lobe consisting of numerous lobules

• Mammary Glands

• Mammary ducts drain each lobe

• Near nipple, the ducts expand into sinuses

• Lactiferous ducts drain sinuses to outside

• Mammary Glands

• Ducts and lobules associated with myoepithelial cells

• The breast is supported by numerous suspensory ligaments

Ovarian cycle

• 1st two weeks: pre-ovulatory phase:

– Follicle maturation

Ovarian cycle

• On day 14 of a 28 day cycle:

–ovulation

Ovarian cycle

• Last two weeks: corpus luteum development

Uterine cycle

• 1st 3-7 days: menses

– loss of functional zone layer of endometrium

Uterine cycle

• 2nd week: proliferative phase

– restoration of endometrial functional zone layer

Uterine cycle

• 3rd and 4th weeks: secretory phase

– active endometrial glands

GnRH

Hormonal Control of Female Reproduction

FSH & LHfollicle and

ovum development

estrogen secretion from

follicles

corpus luteum development

ovulation estrogens & progestin

secretion from corpus luteum

FSH & LHfollicle and

ovum development

estrogen secretion from follicles

corpus luteum development

ovulation

estrogens & progestin

secretion from corpus luteum

E stimulates regrowth of endometrium

E & P stimulate endometrial gland secretion

• If (after two weeks) no pregnancy:

– corpus luteum shuts down.

– E & P secretion stops

– endometrium loses hormonal support

– menses begins

• If a successful fertilization occurs:

– corpus luteum does not shut down.

– E & P secretion continues

– endometrium is maintained

– pregnancy continues

• Why doesn’t the corpus luteum shut down if an early embryo is present?

• Other Functions of Estrogen

– development, growth, & maintenance of female sex organs

– bone and muscle growth

– 2o sex characteristics

– libido

• General Function of Progestins

– preparation of the body for pregnancy

Thank you ulnar nerve.

male reproductive system. – gonads (testes) produce gametes (sperm) secrete the sex steroid...

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