malnutrition [autosaved]

8/13/2019 Malnutrition [Autosaved]

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CHILD

MALNUTRITIONIN INDIA

Why does it persist ?


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What is Malnutrition ?

Where do we stand ?

What are the causes of malnutrition ?

Why is it important to control malnutrition ?

What can be done to control malnutrition ?


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Mal adjusted nutrition

Malnutrition

Under nutrition

Over nutrition

What is Malnutrition ?


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Our literacy rate reached 74% in 2011

But

Our ignorance level is way higher !!!


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South Asia

49%

East asia /Pacific

14%

Latin america

10%

ME /N Africa

5%

W/C Africa

10%

S Africa

11%

Others

1%

PERCENT OF UNDERWEIGHT CHILDREN BELOW 5 YEA

OF AGE


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41percent children in India under agyears are malnourished .

57 million children in India are malnouof world total of 146 million.


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Myth 1 : Indian children are better nourished than most Africhildren.

In fact, the average rate of malnourishment for under-3s in SuAfrica is 30 percent. Indias corresponding rate is 37 percent.

30 out of 37 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa report lower levemalnutrition than India. And Bihar (54 per cent), Orissa (54 perMadhya Pradesh (55 per cent) report child malnutrition rates the maximum reported in Sub-Saharan Africa by Angola (51 p

Some Myths .


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Myth 2 : Indias low per-capita income is the major underlyin

In fact, the correlation between per-capita income and child nutrit

one. 28 out of 37 Sub-Saharan African countries have lower per-capthan India, andas said abovemost have lower levels of child maOther countries too have both lower per-head wealth and lower chmalnutrition, Mongolia, Vietnam and Haiti being just three.

And within India itself, there is no discernible correlation. Manipur recapita income of Rs 8114 in 1998 and a malnutrition rate of 28 per cGujarat, on the other hand, reported a per capita income of Rs 16,2

of 45 per cent.


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Indicators for Assessing the Nutritiona

StatusDirect Indicators

Low Birth Weight

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR)

Stunting/ Wasting/ Underweight

Anaemia

Immunization

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

Chronic Energy Deficiency and Anaemia amo


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Indirect Indicators

Access to Hygienic Sanitation and Toilet Fac

Access to Safe Drinking Water

Female literacy


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0-29 %

30-39 %

40-49 %

50 -100 %

Children Under 3 years W

are Underweight

Source: NFHS 3, 2005-06


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What leads to malnutrition ?

Poor feeding practices during first year like

Delayed start of breastfeeding

Lack of exclusive breastfeeding for first six

months

Increasing bottle- feeding/artificial feedingDelayed or early start of solid

complementary feeding.


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Adapted from UNICEF

Conceptual F ramework of

Malnutrition


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Human, Economic, and

Institutional Resources

Potential Resources

Ecological ConditionsPolitical and Ideological Structure Roo

Cau

Adapted from UNICEF


Malnutrition


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Household

Food Security

Potential Resources

Ecological ConditionsPolitical and Ideological Structure Roo

Cau

Und

Cau

Adapted from UNICEF


Malnutrition


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Household

Food Security

Potential Resources

Ecological Conditions

Environ. Health,

Hygiene & Sanitation

Political and Ideological Structure Roo

Cau

Und

Cau

Adapted from UNICEF

Conceptual F ramework of Malnutri ti


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Household

Food Security

Potential Resources


Care of Mother

and Child

Environ. Health,



Cau

Und

Cau

Adapted from UNICEF



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HealthDiet

Household

Food Security

Potential Resources


Care of Mother

and Child

Environ. Health,



Cau

Imm

Cau

Und

Cau

Adapted from UNICEF



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Nutritional Status

HealthDiet

Household

Food Security

Potential Resources


Care of Mother

and Child

Environ. Health,



Cau

Mani fes

Imm

Cau

Und

Cau

Adapted from UNICEF



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Nutritional Status

HealthDiet

Household

Food Security

Potential Resources


Care of Mother

and Child

Environ. Health,



Cau

Mani fes

Imm

Cau

Und

Cau

Functional Consequences: Mortality,

Morbidity, Lost Productivity, etc.Consequ

Adapted from UNICEF


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Why do we need to control malnutriti


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Child Survival

DevelopmenGrowth


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National Rural ealth MissionThe National Rural Health Mission of Indiamission was created for the y

and its goal is to "improve the availability of and access to quality health caespecially for those residing in rural areas, the poor, women, and children."The subset of goals under this mission are:

Reduce infant mortality rate(IMR) and maternal mortality ratio (MMR)Provide universal access to public health servicesPrevent and control both communicable and non-communicable diseases,

locally endemicdiseasesProvide access to integrated comprehensive primary healthcareCreate population stabilisation, as well as gender and demographic balancRevitalize local health traditions and mainstreamAYUSHFinally, to promote healthy life styles

The mission has set up strategies and action plan to meet all of its goals.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rural_Health_Mission_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_mortality_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AYUSHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AYUSHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_mortality_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rural_Health_Mission_of_India


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Improper implementation of welfare schemes

Use of allocated funds for other purposes.

Widespread Corruption in system.


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Awareness Programs

Individual Counselling

Growth Monitoring


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One to one or group

counseling as a servicedelivery

Antenatal and Postnatal

Specialized trained

additional staff at village,block and district level.


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Growth Monitoring: Measure

weight and lengthperiodically and interpret by

plotting in growth curves

Investigate causes of poor

growth: Dietary history;

evaluate for any illness.

Counsel mother/caregiverson growth, feeding and

caring practices


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