Malnutrition Bangladesh

Context

Presented To

Dr. Arfiul Bari Chowdhury

LecturerPBH 101 (Intro. To Public Health)

Presented By

Tawfiq Sadat Siddiqui 072-514-030

Nazmul Hasan 073-101-030

Mohammed Mahib Ullah 073-267-030

Nadia Sharmin Sejuti 091-0225-030

Md. Tanvir Hossain 101-0756-030

Md. Atiqul Islam 101-0816-630

Tawfiq Sadat Siddiqui 072-514-030

Nazmul Hasan 073-101-030

Mohammed Mahib Ullah 073-267-030

Nadia Sharmin Sejuti 091-0225-030

Md. Tanvir Hossain 101-0756-030

Md. Atiqul Islam 101-0816-630

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What is Malnutrition?

The term malnutrition generally refers both to under nutrition and over nutrition

According to WHO (World Health Organization) - “Malnutrition or under nutrition can be defined as a state in which

the physical function of an individual is impaired to the point where he or she can no longer maintain natural bodily capacities such as growth, pregnancy, lactation, learning abilities, physical work and resisting or recovering from disease.”

925 million malnourished people in the world in 2010World’s food production is enough to feed everyone

Types of MalnutritionOver nutrition

Too many calories leading to-

•Obesity•Diabetes •Hypertension•Cardiovascular disease

Secondary malnutrition

Diversion of nutrients to parasitic agents themselves-

•Hookworms•Tapeworms•Malaria

Prevents proper digestion or absorption

Micronutrient malnutrition

Dietary Deficiencies of-

•Vitamin A•Iodine•Iron•Others: Zinc, vitamins D, C, and Bs

Protein Calorie malnutrition

Protein needed for -

•Normal growth•Build muscles•Antibodies

Malnutrition in Bangladesh

The state of nutrition status in Bangladesh Source: IFPRI (2004)

Dimension of malnutrition Data for Bangladesh Remarks

1. Low birth weight 30-50% of live births 50% of low birth weight due to poor maternal nutrition

2. Women’s thinness 14.4%(1997) ~ 12.1%(1999/2000) (Low body mass index)

4. Anaemia rates About 50% of preschool children, women of reproductive age, and adolescents are anaemic.

Poor data on anaemia and anaemia due to iron deficiency

5. Vitamin A status 50% (1995) ~ 80% (2000). Poor data on vitamin A deficiency

6. Iodine status 69% (1993) ~ 43% (1999)

Causes of Malnutrition in Bangladesh

HungerNatural DisastersDrug AbuseSpecial diets

Causes of Malnutrition in Bangladesh

Diet and LifestyleInadequate Care of Women and ChildrenInability of women to claim key rightsHealth and Sanitation Environment

Malnutrition : Symptoms

Fatigue and low energy

Dizziness

Poor immune function

Dry, scaly skin

Swollen and bleeding gums

Decaying teeth

Slowed reaction times and trouble paying attention

Malnutrition : Symptoms

•Underweight

•Poor growth

•Muscle weakness

•Bloated stomach

•Osteoporosis or fragile bones that break easily

•Problems with organ function

•Problems learning

Effects : Nutrition in the Life Cycle•Malnutrition passes from one generation to the next

•Malnourished mothers give birth to malnourished infants

•If they are girls, these children often become malnourished mothers

•and the vicious cycle continues.

Attain MDGs (Millennium Development Goals) :

Nutrition’s contributions MDG-1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger• Malnourished people lack mental & physical ability to fight

against poverty & hunger• Malnourished people deprived of getting food & job

MDG-2: Achieve universal primary education• Malnutrition reduces mental capacity• Reduces school performance of children

MDG-3: Promote gender equality and empower women• Better-nourished girls are more likely to stay in school• Have more control over future choices.

Attain MDGs (Millennium Development Goals) :

Nutrition’s contributions MDG-4: Reduce child mortality• Malnutrition is directly or indirectly associated with more

than 50% of all child mortality

MDG-5: Improve maternal health• Anti-female bias in allocations of food, health, and care• Risk factors for maternal mortality

MDG-6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases• Malnutrition weakens resistance to infections• Facilitate early stages of AIDS among the HIV-positive.

Current policies responses to malnutrition

Government policy documents that relate to nutrition in Bangladesh include:

o Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP)

o National Nutrition Project (NNP)

o Bangladesh National Plan of Action for Nutrition (NPAN)

No strong recognition of the role that improved nutrition status plays in advancing a wide range of MDGs

Not well-targeted to the most deprived areas and not at all to urban areas

Implementation via contracts with NGOs did not consider NGO capacity

Diverted resources away from other programs & poor coordination with other programs

Gaps & failures of policies

RecommendationEnsuring food security for poor households

Review agricultural investments in non-staples that are high nutrition value added

Educating parents and family members to understand the importance of nutrition in early childhood

Protecting children from infections with provision of safe water and sanitation

RecommendationImproving unhealthy environment

Nutrition programs need to include both a homestead food production

Paying special attention to the nutritional needs of girls and women

Empowering women by providing the opportunities to build in their skills and social capital.

THANKS

The orange ribbon awareness ribbon for malnutrition