MALO E LELEI

NI HAO!

WELCOME TO THE KINGDOM

OF TONGA

COUNTRY REPORT:

THETHE KINGDOM OF KINGDOM OF TONGATONGA

By, Tevita ‘Alatini Manu & Mr. Talaiasi Fe’ao FolauEmail address: davemanu00@gmail.com or manualatini@yahoo.com

Training Course on Biogas Technology for Developing Countries in 2015(Chengdu,CHINA)

THE COAT OF ARMS OF TONGA

TONGAN NATIONAL FLAGTHE COAT OF ARMS OF TONGAPRSONAL PROFILEBACKGROUNDCOUNTRY PROFILEPEOPLEECONOMYTONGA’S ENERGY SOURCESCONCLUSIONREFERENCES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cross : Reflects the deep-rooted Christianity in TongaRed : Represents the blood of Christ and his sacrificeWhite : Signifies purity

TONGAN NATIONAL FLAG

The colours and symbols of the flag carry cultural, political, and regional meanings

Three swords: Represent the three dynasties or lines of the kings of Tonga.The dove with the olive branch: Symbolises the wish of God's peace to reign in Tonga forever (the dove and olive branch are taken from the story of Noah and the Great Flood in the Bible). The three stars: Symbolise the main island groups of Tonga, which are Tongatapu, Vavaʻu and Haʻapai. The Crown: Symbolises the ruling monarchy, the King of Tonga. The text on the scroll at the bottom :Ko e ʻOtua mo Tonga ko hoku Tofiʻa in the Tongan language: 'God and Tonga are my inheritance'.

THE COAT OF ARMS

OF TONGA

PERSONAL PROFILE

BACKGROUND• The Kingdom of Tonga is well known as the “Friendly Island of Tonga” named by

Captain Cook (The most significant impact had visits in 1773, 1774, and 1777 a British mariner who first discovered the Island of Tonga.

• Tonga is the great warrior in the south Pacific while the ambitious young warrior George Tupou 1 won the civil war on 1845 and he united island into Polynesian Kingdom . Therefore he became a Christian and he gave the land of Tonga to protected by the KING of KING on 1875.

• It comprised of five island groups (i.e Tongatapu (The main Island), Vava’u, Ha’apai, ‘Eua and the Niuas)

• The climate is warm all year round and gets fairly hot during summer (highest at 35 degrees celsius)

• We have only two Seasons such as Summer (Dec - Mar) and Winter (Apr - Nov) Season.

• Tonga lies within the south-east trade wind zone of the South Pacific. Wind speed over its surrounding oceans averages 12 knots.

• Tonga like other Small Island Developing State (SIDS) is highly susceptible to the impacts of climate change and natural hazards due to its geographical, geological and socioeconomic characteristics.

COUNTRY PROFILE

TONGA ISLAND GROUP

VOLCANIC ISLAND

NEW VOLCANIC ISLAND

Kao Tofua Niuafo’ou

WELCOME TO THE ISLAND OF TONGA

TONGA CAPITAL CITY: Nuku’alofa

Country: Government

• King: Honored head of the Kingdom of Tonga• Elected Prime Minister: Head of Government• Prime Minister and His Cabinets• Legislative Assembly • Political System: Democracy• Kingdom of Tonga is a free country.

THE GENERATIONS OF THE TONGAN KINGS

King Tupou I, from (1845-1843)

King Tupou II from (1893 – 1918)

Queen Salote Tupou III from (1900 – 1965)

King Tupou IV from (1918 – 2006)

King Tupou V from (2008-2012)

KING TUPOU VI

KING TUPOU VI CORONATION 2015

King Tupou VI, a 55-year-old former diplomat, was crowned in a formal ceremony with his wife Queen Nanasi Pau'u at the Saione Centenary Church on Saturday 4th of July, 2015 morning in the capital Nuku'alofa.

THE ROYAL PALACE

A few Images from the Coronation

PRIME MINISTER OF TONGA

• The first prime Minister of Tonga was elected from the people of Tonga.

• Hr.Samiuela ‘Akilisi Pohiva.

Legislative Assembly

People

• Nationality : Tongan.• Population : Almost million• Number of Private household : 18033• Land area : 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) • Religion : 99% (Christian)• : 1% ( others)• Language : Tongan• : English• Education : Literacy 98%• Ethnic groups : Tongan 98 %, others are Polynesian,

European and some Chinese.

CHURCH LEADERS OF TONGA

PEOPLE

Economy

• Major Exporting Products: Fish, Agricultural Products (i.e

root crops, squash, vanilla, kava,coconuts and handicrafts).

• Major exports markets : New Zealand, United state of America,

Australia, Japan, Fiji.

• Imports : fuels, mineral and chemical, food products, vehicles,

timber, machinery etc. As Tonga is a developing country, we are relying on Importing goods from overseas.

• a

The government is emphasizing in private sector’s development and especially encourages investment.

GDP: $816 million (purchase power parity) GDP per capital: $7,738 (purchase power parity) GDP growth: 1.29% GDP by sectors : agriculture, 20.8%; industry, 18.1%; services, 61.1%.

The Tongan Banknotes was modified to commemoration the Coronation of the

King Tupou the VI on 2015

• Dollar : English• Yuan : China• Pa’anga: Tonga

a) Fisheries Products

Main Resources Products

b) Agricultural Products

c) Handicrafts

d) Tourism

TONGA’S ENERGY SOURCESRenewable energyBiomass energyBiofuelBiogasSolar EnergyWind EnergyHydropwerEnergy Efficiency

Renewable energyThe Pacific Islands Renewable Energy Project (PIREP) has assessed the potential for renewable energy technologies in the country, and determined the following options: Biomass energyAlthough around 65% of the land area is forested for crop production (mostly coconuts), for the near term, there is little opportunity for biomass from forest products to be a significant energy resource. Timber milling is a small scale industry, with mostly senile coconut trees used as raw materials. Pine and hardwoods for export are being planted, but it will take many years until they can be harvested. However, after harvesting, there may be sufficient mill waste to provide biomass for energy. In general, agricultural and forest residues are not considered an exploitable resource for energy production.

Biofuels In 1995, potential copra production was estimated to be sufficient to produce around 10 million litres (ML) of coconut oil per year. If rehabilitation efforts for the coconut industry are carried out, and if barriers to the production of biofuels can be eliminated, the maximum offset of diesel fuel by biofuel could be as high as 50%.

BiogasAlthough there has been no assessment of the resource, sewage, urban waste and animal manure represent a useful resource. However, the potential is not considered sufficient to offset a significant percentage of petroleum imports, and no projects have been proposed as of yet. Should new sewage treatment facilities or landfill facilities be developed, including biogas generation, they could provide enough energy to operate the facilities themselves, with some surplus to feed into the national grid.

Solar energySolar energy resources have a high potential in Tonga, particularly towards the north, where satellite measurements indicate average insolations of up to 5.8 kWh/m2/day. Nearly 20 years of solar powered rural electrification experience confirms that there is a viable resource. Plans are included in the country’s 2010 Energy Road Map to develop a comprehensive renewable resource assessment, including solar resources. A 2008 SOPAC study reported that there are 169 solar PV stand-alone systems in 6 islands in Tonga. Each of these systems has a capacity of 60 W.

Wind energyA resource assessment carried out in Tongatapu in 1995 indicated that there is potential to develop wind energy in Tonga. However, due to turbulence issues, locating the turbines away from tall coconut trees will be necessary. Consideration should be given to locating turbines off-shore or in open swamp areas, to avoid turbulence from nearby trees, as well as avoiding land use issues. Average wind speeds for the islands vary between 3 and 6 m/s, with highest averages seen from May to October, and peaks of up to 8 m/s in coastal areas.

HydropowerTonga does not currently utilise hydropower, nor is there any recognised potential for small- or large-scale hydro-electric power generation in the country, primarily due to the topography of the nation.

There are sites in Vava’u which could provide tidal energy; however, it is unlikely that the cost of installation can be justified, and the potential resource has not been assessed. In addition, the potential has been recognised for utilising Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). Due to the relatively experimental status of this technology, it is unlikely that developments will occur in the near future.Energy efficiencyAlthough annual electric demand grew by just 2% in the six years, the annual fuel cost in TOP increased by almost 175% in the same period. From 2010 to 2011, although the demand was declined, the fuel use increased. This means the energy intensity could be showing some sign of increase and thus needs to monitor carefully this symptom.

Bio–Gas in Tonga• In 1970,a Roman Catholic Missionary Nun introduced biogas

in Tonga, she used animal manure ( pig manure),but for a short period.

• Introduced again in 2009 through China Aid: Mr Li Dinggou as a Chinese technician who constructed the first biogas digester in the Kingdom of Tonga under the MAFFF

• There is about 14 biogas in total has been installed, using only pig manure for biogas producing.

• 8 Farmers are established by 15 cubic metre of biogas digester, 6 farmers are established by 10 cubic metre of biogas digester.

CONSTRUCTED OF THE DIGESTER POOL

Purifier Gas Pipe connection

Gas storage tank

Her Royal Princess Official opening the Biogas stove,rice cooker and lamp

Tonga Energy Road Map 2010-2020 (TERM)

In April 2009, the Government and Development Partners with the coordination of the World Bank (WB), embarked on a process to undertake a sector-wide review and develop an approach to improving the performance of the energy sector and to mitigating the risks. The resulting document entitled the “Tonga Energy Road Map 2010-2020: Ten Year Road Map to Reduce Tonga’s Vulnerability to Oil Price shocks and Achieve an Increase in Quality Access to Modern Energy Services in an Environmentally Sustainable Manner”, or “Tonga Energy Road Map (TERM)” addresses improvements in petroleum supply chain and consideration of price hedging instruments, increased efficiency both in electricity supply and use, development of grid-connected renewable energy resources, improved access to quality electricity services in remote areas, reduced environmental impacts both locally and globally, enhanced energy security, and overall sector financial viability.

Kingdom of Tonga Plans for 50% Renewable Energy by 2015

Tonga is providing a bit of inspiration to the world these days. It has set a goal of getting 50% of its electricity from renewable energy by 2015 and has set out a plan to do so. Perhaps it has something to do with the fact that its islands could soon be covered in water from the effects of global warming. But that’s certainly not the only concern. Additionally, Tonga is heavily reliant on increasingly expensive (and imported) oil for its energy, putting it at great economic risk right now

SOLAR ENERGY IN TONGA

This projects aim to generate 50 percent of electricity powered by solar energy to homes by 2015 with more expected in 2016

The Maama Mai solar facility was commissioned in July 2012 by his Majesty King Tupou VI at Tonga Power Limited’s Power Station at Popua.  The

project was funded by the NZ Aid Programme at a total of $7.9 million NZD. In Tongan, Maama Mai means “Let there be Light”.

The solar farms established in Tonga at Popua District aims to save 47,000 liters of diesel that is normally used to enable the distribution of power to consumer.

• JICA Gives Tonga a Solar Power System and MicrogridThe project is helping the island nation use more renewable energy and reduce its reliance on expensive imported diesel.

• Named by King Tupou VI : Face of the Sun

In March,2014 the Japan International Cooperation Agency installed a solar power system, along with the first microgrid system created in Oceania as part of a JICA project, in the Vaini district of Tonga, through a 1.57 billion yen grant.

The SMA Fuel Save Solution successfully Installed Solar Farms in Vava’u (an outer

Island of TONGA)

Average wind speeds for the islands vary between 3 and 6 m/s, with highest averages seen from May to October, and peaks of up to 8 m/s in coastal areas.

WIND ENERGY

A resource assessment carried out in Tongatapu in 1995 indicated that there is potential to develop wind energy in Tonga

The National Strategic Planning Framework aims to improve electricity generation systems and their management and hence improve the living standards of all Tongans. The framework highlights a desire to improve services, accountability, and revenue collection, as well the coordination of development partners. These are also core drivers behind the Energy Roadmap approach.

Regulatory framework

Conclusion

We are very appreciated to say thanks on behalf of the people of Kingdom of Tonga to the Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture (BIOMA), P.R.C., for your kindly sharing of skills, in order to elevate our relationship status, also for exchanging your knowledge about biogas technology with us.Due to problem of limited resources and lack of skills about new technologies of Renewable energy in Tonga, the Government is heavily relying on Aids for the development of Renewable Energy technologies in Tonga.Last but not the least, from the Kingdom of Tonga, we wish you all the best of luck and may God be showering heavenly blessings upon each and everyone of us here.

REFERENCES

www.destinationworld.com (map of Tonga)https://en.WIKIPEDIA.orgwww.Matangitonga.towww.spc.int/prism/tonga

HAKA (One of dance )

MALO ‘AUPITO Xie xie!