mammals of belize
DESCRIPTION
Mammals of Belize. What is a mammal? - Fur (pelage) Mammary glands 3 inner ear ossicles (bones). Do you think the mammals in Belize will be the same as the mammals in WV/V? Why?/Why not? No cold season, but dry season Fruit everywhere - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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What is a mammal?
- Fur (pelage)
- Mammary glands
- 3 inner ear ossicles (bones)
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Do you think the mammals in Belize will be the same as the mammals in WV/V?
Why?/Why not?
- No cold season, but dry season
- Fruit everywhere
- Dense canopy very little light reaches ground ……..
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Most of the vegetation (food/cover) is in the canopy so that is where you will find most of the mammals
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If there are spp. of mammals in WV that are also found in Belize what characteristics would they likely exhibit?
- arboreal (at least partially)
- dietary generalists (omnivores)
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Virginia Opossum
Didelphis virginiana
www.terrambiente.org/.../metatheria/ didelphimorphia/ filin.km.ru/mammels/ opossum.htm
Local Name: Possum
Semi-arboreal Omnivores – eat pretty much anything that they can get in their mouths
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Gray Fox – Urocyon cinereoargenteus
“tree fox” is distributed from Canada to Venezuela
Mostly nocturnal and crepuscular
Opportunistic hunters
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Raccoon Procyon lotor
The tail is bushy with alternating dark and light bands, a characteristic which distinguishes the raccoon from all other mammals
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Tropics (rainforest) - Highest diversity of mammals in the world
-Approximately 150 spp. of mammals in Belize/northern Guatemala
-Roughly half are bats
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When you think about a rainforest (jungle) what animals come to mind?......
Monkeys
CITES endangered species
Order: Primates
Important seed dispersal agents
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Yucatan Black Howler-Monkey Alouatta pigra
Troops of 4-10 – lowland evergreen forests
Known as the “baboon” in Belize
Noisiest animal in the Belize jungle
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Central-American
Spider Monkey Ateles geoffroyi
Occupy small branches of the high strata
Troops of up to 100
Need undisturbed tracks of forest
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Bats: order Chiroptera
Bats are either carnivorous (insects) or fruit/nectar eaters
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Lesser White-lined Bat
Saccipteryx leptura
Often found roosting in or near human habitations
www.batcon.org/home/brazil2001/ batlist.html
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www.guidedculturaltours.com/ barbados.php
Fishing Bat
Noctilio leporinus
Adapted for catching fish
Local Name: Greater Bulldog Bat
www.thorns.com.br/HTM_FotosGeral/ FotosMorcegos.htm
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www.conservationcentre.org/ scase10.html
Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat
Atribeus jamaicensis
www.edomexico.gob.mx/se/BIO_INTERNET/ fauna_c.html
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www.biologie.uni-ulm.de/bio3/ mtschapka/bats.html
Brown Long-tongued Bat
Glossophaga commissarisi
Local Name: Commissaris’ Long-tongued Bat
www.batcon.org/avscripts/ script11.html
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Order Carnivora:
Meat eaters
Family Felidae:
All species of wild felid are listed as at least species of concern by CITES
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Jaguaroundi - Herpailurus yagouaroundi
Sometimes known as an otter cat – Semi- aquatic environments – diurnal and more common in disturbed areas
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Ocelot -Leopardus pardalis
found in forested areas but is at risk from hunting for its fur and trapping for the pet trade.
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Margay – Leopardus weidii
Long Tailed Spotted Cat, similar to the Ocelot - body smaller has longer legs and tail
Semi-arboreal, has specially adapted rear claws and ankle joints which can move through 180 degrees
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Puma - Felis concolor
Most widely distributed felid in western hemisphere.
Diet varies from small mammals to deer and tapir
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Jaguar – Panthera onca
Largest terrestrial predator in Central/South America.
Often confused w/ Leopard
Jaguar has no natural predators
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Weasel family
Family Mustelidae
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Tayra - Eira barbara
Long, slender body has short limbs and a long tail
Diet – fruit, insects, small mammals
Diurnal
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Grison – Galictis vittata
Burrowing and terrestrial
Feeds on small mammals, reptiles, invertebrates
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Family Prcyonidae
Raccoons and related critters
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Kinkajou – Potos flavus “night walker” in Belize
One of the most commonly seen tropical forest animals
Arboreal and nocturnal
Primarily eats fruit
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Ringtail – Bassariscus sumichrasti
Also known as the Ringtail Cat, Cacomistle, or Miner's Cat
Nocturnal and shy - rarely seen
Smaller than a house cat
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Coati – Nasua narica
Also known as the White-nosed Coati
Locally in Belize, the coati is known as "quash"
Often is seen in large groups of up to 30 individuals
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Order artiodactyla
Even-toed ungulates – Deer, cows, antelope, etc.
Family Cervidae
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Red Brocket –Mazama americana
Active during both the day and the night and are usually solitary
Found in thick forest where there is dense undergrowth
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White-tailed Deer- Odecoileus virginianus
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Collared Peccary Tayassu tajacu
A piglike animal (although they are not pigs) resembling a razorback hog, but with heavier neck and shoulders
Feed on fruits, seeds, roots, vegetable matter, invertebrates
social
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Order Perissodactyla
Odd-toed ungulates
rhinos, equids, tapirs
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Baird’s Tapir – Tapirus bairdii
Status: Endangered – heavily hunted
Avoid human disturbance
Good hill climbers, runners, sliders, waders, divers, swimmers
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Order Rodentia
Most diverse order of mammals
Primary consumers in most ecosystems
Seldom seen considering their prevalence….why?
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Forest Spiny Pocket Mouse – Heteromys desmerastanius
Often seen foraging on the ground at night in wet forests
Can also be found in areas of secondary growth or seasonally dry forest
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Vesper Rat Nictomys sumichrasti
The eyes are large, and the hind feet are modified for nocturnal arboreal life
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Hispid Cotton Rat Sigmodon hispidus
Preferred habitat consists of grassy fields, brushy pastures, ditches, marshes, and along the brushy borders of cultivated fields
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Mexican Porcupine – Coendou mexicanus
Large, furry rodent with characteristic yellowish spines or quills covering its back and tail
Different genus than our porcupine, prehensile tail
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Paca - Agouti paca
forested habitats near water
Upper body is dark brown or black and usually has 4 longitudinal rows of white spots on the sides
Solitary and little interaction occurs between individuals
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Central American Agouti – Dasyprocta punctata
male sprays female with urine, which causes her to go into a "frenzy dance." After several sprays she allows the male to approach
Eat seeds and will cache (bury) seeds in times of excess seed dispersal
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Order Didelphimorphia
New world opposums
Marsupials – non placental mammals with a pouch - marsupium
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Water Opossum
Chironectes minimus
filin.km.ru/mammels/ opossum.htm
Local Name: Water Dog, Yapo
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Order Xenarthra
Anteaters, sloths, armadillos
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Northern Tamandua
Tamandua mexicana
www.ceiba.org/articles/ tamandua.htm
www.tikalpark.com/tough2.htm
Local Name: Antsbear
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www.sagan-gea.org/.../ paginas/hoja2_31.html
Northern, Naked-tailed Armadillo
Cabassous centralis
Local Name: Dilly
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Order Cetacea
Marine mammals – whales and dolphins
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Short-finned Pilot Whale
Dark gray to black
Can be seen resting at the surface during the day
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Spinner Dolphin
The Spinner Dolphin is a slender creature with a long, thin beak to which the distinct forehead slopes gently
Dramatically acrobatic, with somersaults, high spinning leaps and other aerial movements
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Bottlenose Dolphin
Gray to gray-green or gray-brown on the back, fading to white on the belly, lower jaw, and anal regions. The belly may be pinkish.
This coloration, a type of camouflage known as countershading, may help conceal a dolphin from predators and prey
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Great Sperm Whale
The biggest of all toothed whales
Name is derived from a structure in their head known as the spermaceti organ
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www.terrambiente.org/.../metatheria/ didelphimorphia/
The End