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Mammoth Product Training. Evaporative Condensing. EVAPORATIVE CONDENSING. What is it?. Condensers. Air Cooled. Water Cooled. Evap Condensed. The Power of Evaporation. The Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential
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Mammoth Product Training
Evaporative Condensing
© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential
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EVAPORATIVE CONDENSING
What is it?
© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential
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Condensers
Water Cooled Air Cooled
Evap Condensed
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The Power of Evaporation
The Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation
Latent heat of vaporization = 1036 btu/lb H2O
Water changing state from liquid to gas at 100f absorbs 1036 btu/lb
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Evaporative Cooling Vs Evaporative Condensing
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Evaporative Cooling Vs Evaporative Condensing
Both systems use evaporation of water to cool.
Evap cooling --- cools room air. Evap Condensing ---cools refrigerant gas, no
moisture is added to the space.
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EVAPORATIVE CONDENSING
How it works.
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How it Works:Water Spray on Condenser Coil
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Why Evaporative Condensing?
20% to 30% less compressor KW consumed than air cooled condensing
Less Air over coil, therefore quieter than air cooled condensing
Less coil required so less space on roof for equipment than air cooled.
© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential
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ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook
“In comparison with an air-cooled condenser, an evaporative condenser requires less coil surface and airflow to reject the same heat, or alternatively, greater operating efficiencies can be achieved by operating at a lower condensing temperature”
© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential
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ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook
“Also, evaporative condensers typically provide lower condensing temperatures than the cooling tower/water-cooled condenser because the heat and mass transfer steps (between the refrigerant and the cooling water and between the water and ambient air) are more efficiently combined in a single piece of equipment”
© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential
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ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook
“Evaporative condensers reduce the water pumping and chemical treatment requirements associated with cooling tower/refrigerant condenser systems”
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ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook
“Evaporative condensers are, therefore, the most compact for a given capacity”
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How It Works Condensing temperature becomes a function
of the ambient wet bulb temp The wet bulb depression under the dry bulb
temperature, typically 15 to 30 degrees, leads to lower condensing temps than with air-cooled condensing
Design condensing temperatures range from 90 to 105 degrees
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Evaporative Condensing
ARI - WB = 75
88 F
SCT = 95 to 105 F
SET = 45 F
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Corresponding Pressure for R-134A Condensing Temp of 130F = 200psig
Corresponding Pressure for R-134A Condensing Temp of 1050 = 125psig
Evaporative Condenser
Air-cooled Condenser
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Reduced Connected kW
Typical 100 TonAir Cooled Condenser
168 Operating Amps 100 kW
Typical 100 Ton Evap Cooled Condenser
136 Operating Amps 76.0 kW
Wire Size
# 350 MCMWire Size
# 2/0
© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential
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Water Consumption
Evaporated water of 1.6 gph/ton Nominal bleed rate of ½ evaporation rate Total water consumption of 2.4 gph/ton
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Where Can Evaporative Condensing be Used?
Base design is for 75 degree wet bulb temperatures
Only a few locations have up to a 81 degree design wet bulb
Can be used anywhere cooling towers are used
Appropriately applied everywhere
© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential
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Advantages over Air Cooled Packages
Better Acoustics▼ Because evap condensers move less air than air
cooled units they typically are quieter.▼ In many areas Lot line noise is becoming a real
issue. Greater Compressor Life
▼ Evap Condensing Compressors work at lower pressures compared to Compressors applied to Air Cooled Condensers and therefore should last longer
© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential
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Advantages over Air Cooled Packages
Typically a Smaller Footprint▼ Because evap condensers move less air than air
cooled units they typically are smaller.
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Lower amp draw▼ With lower amperage required, evap condensing can
be used for applications with limited existing power supply
Evap Condensing - Benefits:
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Lower Operating Cost 30-40% less compressor kW consumed than
air-cooled condensing Can compete favorably with centrifugal chilled
water systems Reduced kW is the result of lower condensing
temperatures
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Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
Ease of Serviceability Corrosion Resistance Long Life Reliability Quiet Operation Pleasing Aesthetics
Desirable Design Desirable Design Features:Features:
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Evaporative Condenser Construction
Draw Through Design.
Stainless Steel Housings and Sump.
Prime Copper Tube Bundle.
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To prevent the possibility of water getting into the building, use a continuously welded stainless steel pan under the sump
Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
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Utilize a fully welded, double sloped stainless steel sump
Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
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Interlocking stainless panels with no fasteners on the inside
Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
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Stainless coil supports
Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
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Stainless and ABS tube sheets
Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
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Evap condenser coil in the sump
Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
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Evaporative Condenser Construction Details
Spray Tree Assembly
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Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
Moisture Eliminator
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Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details Direct Drive Condenser Fans
All Stainless Steel Mounting Frame
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Evaporative Condensing
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Condenser Top Hinges Up
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Direct Drive Fans
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Easy Access to Components
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Designed for Serviceability
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All Stainless Steel and Non-Corrosive
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Full Access to Condenser Coil
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Spray Nozzles Visible for Inspection
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Spray Nozzles
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Spray Nozzles
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Pump suction strainer easily removable without tools
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Latest design enhancements– Ultraline evap condensers now available up to 350 tons– Penthouse up to 600 tons in a single sump– Sump basin is double-sloped to be self-draining– All water-side components made of non-corrosive materials -
even fan venturis are stainless steel– Condensers fans hinged for easy service access– Basin inlet opens up easily for complete access– Air and water flow increased for even greater efficiency
Evaporative Condensing
© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential
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Water Treatment
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Water Treatment Objectives
CONTROL and BALANCE of WATER CHEMISTRY to MINIMIZE:
▼ CORROSION▼ SCALE▼ BIOFOULING▼ USE of WATER
and to MAXIMIZE:▼ HEAT TRANSFER
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Chemical Treatment
Inhibitor- reduces scale and corrosion Biocide- alternate between two to prevents
biological contamination Chemical pumps- inject chemical into sump Controller- monitors water and activates
chemical pumps and bleed
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Chemical Water Treatment
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Effective Chemical Water Treatment
Maintain desired cycles of concentration Maintain prescribed biocide feed Maintain prescribed scale and corrosion
inhibitor feed Periodically monitor the system
In 4 Easy Steps!
© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential
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Scale Control
Increase water flow rates Increase coil surface area Limit dissolved solids (cycles of
concentration) Scale inhibitors keep minerals in solution Scale conditioners form transportable clumps
instead of hard deposits
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Corrosion Control
Corrosion-proof materials Limit dissolved solids (cycles of concentration) Chemical inhibitors interfere with corrosion
mechanism pH
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ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook
“All evaporative condensers should be treated to restrict biological growth”
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Oxidizing Biocides
Chlorine Bromine Ozone Iodine
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Nonoxidizing Biocides
Mehtylene bis(thiocyanate) (MBT) Decyl thioethanamine (DTEA) Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate Dibromo-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)
© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential
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Nonchemical Methods
Scale control▼ Magnetic and Electromagnetic cause minerals to
precipitate into particles that can be removed by blowdown or flushing
Biological control▼ Ozone▼ UV light
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Solids Management:Sources Sump Debris
♦ Inorganic: dust, dirt, sand
♦ Organic: leaves, pollen, grass
♦ Dolphin “powder”
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Solution: Basin Sweeping
Reduces cleaning routines by 5x Controls solids build-up in tower basin
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Centrifugal Action Separator
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Separator
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Dedicated Pump
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Purge Filter (Optional)
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HydroBoosters: Pattern of Influence
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HydroBoosters: Installation Issues
Submergence: Only 2-3 inches required
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Sweeper in Mammoth Sump
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