Concept of Concept of ManMan

104/09/23 16:01 Lecturer: Francis Obmerga, RN

04/09/23 16:01 Lecturer: Francis Obmerga, RN 2

General Objective:

After varied classroom activities, the students will be able to explain the nature of man as a psychosocial being.

04/09/23 16:01 Lecturer: Francis Obmerga, RN 3

Specific Objective:

To discuss or describe the following:•Nature of Man as a Psychosocial Being•The Process of Communication•Elements of Communication•Levels of Communication•Forms of Communication•Phases of Helping Relationship •Factors Promoting Effective Communication Within Helping Relationship•Rapport Builders•Developing Therapeutic Communication Skills•Interviewing Skills•Blocks to Communication

04/09/23 16:01 Lecturer: Francis Obmerga, RN 4

Nature of Man as a Psychosocial Being

1. Man is a unique, irreplaceable individual, a one time being in this world

2. Man is capable of rational, logical thinking most of the time but can become irrational and illogical when provoked.

3. Man is a social being who is capable of relating with others.

04/09/23 16:01 Lecturer: Francis Obmerga, RN 5

Nature of Man as a Psychosocial Being1. Man is a unique, irreplaceable individual, a

one time being in this worldUNIQUE –It is strange to think of man so alike another yet totally unlike any other person who has ever lived or ever will live. He may be the next person in his choice of residence, dress, recreation with friends but for sure, he will not fail to put his own stamp of individuality on these e.g. subdivision houses, passenger jeepneys. Man being unique has inalienable rights and responsibilities (HUMAN RIGHTS)IRREPLACEABLE –To be irreplaceable means that an entity cannot be changed for another e.g. transplants, prosthesis

ONE TIME BEING IN THIS WORLD – Because man is a one time being in this world, when he dies, he ceases to exist (physically). There is not a second chance of living. What may be left of him to indicate his temporal presence will be a few momentous, which some thoughtful person will collect in his memory. Unlike plant, he cannot wither in times of drought only to sprout a new shoot when conditions later become more favorable.

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Nature of Man as a Psychosocial Being2. Man is capable of rational, logical thinking

most of the time but can become irrational and illogical when provoked.

His rational side makes him merciful, kind and compassionate while his irrational side make him commit criminal acts against another e.g. crimes of passion. One may never admit to any degree of immaturity but Travelbee points out that man retains a certain amount of immaturity well within an outer shell of maturity. In some persons, this core may be very small so that their immaturity is hard to detect but in others, the core is big and the degree of immaturity is easy to detect in the person’s manner, speech and thought.

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Nature of Man as a Psychosocial Being3. Man is a social being who is capable of

relating with others.

From birth, he is endowed with the capacity to know, to like, to love and respond to and appreciate the uniqueness of others. He is able to evoke opposite responses when circumstances within the environment or within himself are just right but he can also easily change from social amiability to social hostility, disliking, mistrusting and hating others when circumstances are adverse. Man is being made to share life with others. Man can grow and develop significant interrelationships with others.

04/09/23 16:01 Lecturer: Francis Obmerga, RN 8

Communication

The process of exchanging information and the process of generating and transmitting meanings between two or more individuals.

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Elements of Communication Process

1. Referent Stimulus 2. Sender or Encoder or Source 3. Message 4. Channels 5. Receiver or Decoder or Listener6. Feedback or Response

04/09/23 16:01 Lecturer: Francis Obmerga, RN 10

Elements of Communication Process

1. Referent Stimulus

motivates a person to communicate with another. It may be an idea, object, emotion idea or act.

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Elements of Communication Process

2. Sender or Encoder or Source

is the person who initiates the interpersonal communication or message, person who wishes to convey a message to another. This term includes the concept that the person sending the message first must have an idea or reason for communicating (source) and second, must put the idea or feeling into a form that can be transmitted e.g. words, tone of the voice, gestures

04/09/23 16:01 Lecturer: Francis Obmerga, RN 12

Elements of Communication Process

3. Message

is the information that is being sent or expressed by the sender. It is what is actually said or written, the body language that accompanies the words and how it is transmitted.

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Elements of Communication Process

4. Channels

are the means of conveying the message such as through visual, auditory or tactile senses.

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Elements of Communication Process

5. Receiver or Decoder or Listener

is the person to whom the message is sent. This person must perceive what the sender intended (sensation) and then analyzes the information received (interpretation). Perception involves use of all the senses to receive all verbal and nonverbal messages. To decode means to relate the message perceived to the receiver’s storehouse of knowledge and experience and sort out the meaning of the message.

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Elements of Communication Process

6. Feedback or Response

is the message that the receiver returns to the sender. It helps to reveal whether the meaning of the message is received. Feedback can be either positive or negative.

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Levels of Communication

1. Intrapersonal – self talk, is the communication that happens within the individual

2. Interpersonal – occurs between two or more people with the goal of exchange messages.

3. Group (Public) – includes small group and organizational communication.

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Forms of Communication

1. Verbal Communication – involves spoken or written words.

2. Non – verbal Communication – is transmission of messages without the use of words.

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Non-verbal Communicationa. Body language

Eye contactTouchFacial ExpressionPostureGaitGesturesGeneral Physical AppearanceMode of dress and GroomingSoundsSilence

b. Sign Language, Morse Code, Semaphore c. Iconic

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04/09/23 16:01 Lecturer: Francis Obmerga, RN 21

04/09/23 16:01 Lecturer: Francis Obmerga, RN 22

Phases of Helping Relationship

1. Orientation Phase2. Working Phase3. Termination Phase

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Factors Promoting Effective Communication Within Helping Relationship

1.Warmth and Friendliness2.Openness and Respect3.Empathy4.Honesty, Authenticity and Trust5.Caring6.Competence

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Rapport Builders

1. Special Objectives2. Comfortable Environment3. Privacy4. Confidentiality5. Patient versus Task Focus6. Using Nursing Observation7. Optimal Spacing8. Respecting Personal Space

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Developing Therapeutic Communication Skills

1. Conversation skills

2. Listening skills

3. Silence

4. Touch

5. Humor

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Conversation Skills

a. Control the tone of your voiceb. Be knowledgeable about the topic of the

conversation and have accurate informationc. Be flexibled. Be clear and concise, and make statements

as simple as possiblee. Avoid words that might have different

interpretationsf. Be truthfulg. Keep an open mindh. Take advantage of available opportunities

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Listening Skills

a. Do not cross your arms and legs b. Be alert and relaxedc. Keep conversation as natural as possibled. If culturally appropriate, maintain eye

contact with the patient, without staring, in a face to face pose.

e. Use appropriate facial expressions and body gestures

f. Think before respondingg. Do not pretend to listenh. Listen for themes in the patient’s

comment

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Silence - allows the person to organize thoughts, process information and think intrapersonally, it shows interest and accepts any reason and response

Touch – powerful means of communication with multiple meanings

Humor – increasingly valued as both interpersonal skills and healing strategy

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Interviewing Skills

1. Open-ended Questions2. Closed Questions or Comments3. Validating Questions and Comments4. Clarifying Questions or Comments5. Reflective Questions or Comments6. Sequencing Questions or Comments7. Directing Questions or Comments8. Assertive Skills

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Blocks to Communication

1. Failure to perceived that the Client is a human being

2. Failure to Listen3. Inappropriate Comments and Question4. Changing the Subject-Matter5. Giving False Assurance6. Gossip and Rumor