Man: The Thinker

Objectives:• To provide an overview on Man:

The Thinker;• To define what is Mind and what

synonymous to mind;• To identify the 3 fundamentals

operation of Thinking; and• To define what is Truth and its

characteristics.

• Like all animals, man also possesses brain. Has but man has mind or intellect, and man intrinsically equipped with capability to think.

Man has a nine sensesEXTERNAL SENSE• Vision• Taste• Smell• Hearing• Touch

INTERNAL SENSE• Imagination• Consciousness• Memory• Instinct

•WHAT IS MIND?

MIND• the element of a person that

enables them to be aware of the world and their experiences, to think, and to feel; the faculty of consciousness and thought.

• Is MIND synonymous with Intellect, Understanding and Thinking?

• INTELLECT AND UNDERSTANDING SYNONYMOUS WITH MIND.

• When you say Intellect, we mean mind or understanding.

• When we say Understanding, we mean mind or intellect.

• Mind and Intellect are potentialities towards understanding so that it is understanding appears as the resultant factor of the activations of Mind or Intellect.

• When man uses his mind which means thinking – Man can eventually acquire understanding.

•Now, What makes Understanding synonymous with Mind or Intellect?

• The answer lies in the fact that understanding, as the result of man’s activation of mind or intellect.

• THINKING IS NOT SYNONYMOUS WITH MIND OR INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING.

WHY?

• Because is in itself an activity . It is when man activates mind or intellect that man thinks so that when man thinks man can arrive at understanding.

• Thinking can be construed in threefold perspective–First, it is a mental activity–Second, as a mental activity,

man thinks when man is in control of his mind.

–Third, as man uses or control his mind, he engages in an introspective or subjective empirical activity.

3 fundamentals operation of Thinking• Apprehension• Judgment• Inference

Apprehension• The mind encounters a reality

and forms of an idea of the reality.

• The mind forms an idea of reality through abstraction

Judgment• The mind appraises, pronounces

or judges whether the reality is either true or false.

• Judgment can be:– Affirmative judgment– Negative judgment

Inference• The human mind engages in

reasoning.

• Reasoning- is a process whereby the mind arrives at a reason or inferred judgment.

• Reasoning involves three judgments– The two judgments are being

carefully studied whether they correlate with each other or not.

– the third judgment serves as the conclusion or the inferred judgments.

• Man thinks because man wants to unconceal truth.

•WHAT IS TRUTH?

TRUTH• The conformity between

judgment (intellect) and reality (thing).

• Truth is divided into three:

– Logical truth – Ontological truth– Moral truth

Logical truth• Conformity of the intellect with a

thing.• The thing serves as the basis to

which the intellect conforms.

Ontological truth• Conformity of the thing with the

intellect.• The intellect which serves as the

basis to which the thing must conform.

Moral truth• Conformity of speech with the

inner thought.

TRUTH has its contradiction which is FALSITY.

• Logical Falsity- disconformity of the intellect with the thing; called ERROR

• Ontological Falsity- disconformity of the thing with the intellect.

• Moral Falsity- disconformity of speech with thought; called LIE

Characteristics of truth• It is being localized in human

intellect• It is immutable• It is absolute• It is eternal