man wnlink4x

7/25/2019 Man Wnlink4x

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Link 4X

Installation and Operations Manual

Part Number 281-102471-201June 2000

Wireless, Inc.5452 Betsy Ross Drive

Santa Clara, CA 95054-1101


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Link 4X Installation and Operation Manual

Notice

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. No part of this document maybe reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any

purpose, without the express written permission of Wireless, Inc.

Copyright 2000, Wireless, Inc. All rights reserved.

Link 4Xand WaveNet LinkSeries are trademarks of Wireless, Inc.


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Table of Contents

1.0 General Overview ................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 WaveNet Link Series Product Family ....................................................................... 1

1.2 Introduction to the Link 4X......................................................................................... 1

1.3 Regulatory Information .............................................................................................. 22.0 Link 4X Product Profile.......................................................................................................... 3

2.1 General Overview...................................................................................................... 3

2.2 Specifications ............................................................................................................ 7

2.3 User Interfaces ........................................................................................................ 10

2.4 ODU Performance Monitoring ................................................................................. 13

2.5 Theory of Operation ................................................................................................ 13

3.0 Equipment Installation and Commissioning ........................................................................ 20

3.1 Installation ............................................................................................................... 20

3.2 Install the IDU .......................................................................................................... 213.3 Outdoor RF Unit Installation .................................................................................... 22

3.4 Commissioning ........................................................................................................ 28

4.0 Link 4X Provisioning............................................................................................................ 31

4.1 Plan IP Network Addressing ..............................................................................................31

4.2 Plan Routing Information ....................................................................................................32

4.3 Configure Radio Terminal ..................................................................................................32

4.4 Configure Radio ...................................................................................................................36

4.5 Configure Internet Parameters ..........................................................................................37

4.6 Configure SNMP ..................................................................................................................384.7 Configure Log In Security ...................................................................................................40

4.8 Network Operation ..............................................................................................................43

4.9 Using FTP to Archive or Modify Configurations .............................................................44

4.10 Monitoring and Trend Analysis ..........................................................................................45

4.11 RS-232/Telnet Maintenance Port .....................................................................................47

5.0 Maintenance and Troubleshooting...................................................................................... 49

5.1 Link 4X Maintenance............................................................................................ 49m

5.2 Identifying and Resolving Receive Signal Strength Issues ..................................... 50

5.3 Where to Get Further Assistance ............................................................................ 515.4 Return Procedure .................................................................................................... 52

Appendix A Grounding Practices and Lightning Protection Information....................................... A-1

Appendix B Installation Instructions.............................................................................................. B-1

Appendix C Adjustable Panel Antenna Mount ..............................................................................C-1


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Figures

Figure 2.1 Typical Deployment of a Link 4Xin a Point-to-Point Configuration .......................... 5-6

Figure 2.2 Link 4X Link IDU......................................................................................................... 10

Figure 2.2a Outdoor Unit, Front View............................................................................................ 12

Figure 2.2b Outdoor Unit, Back View ............................................................................................ 12

Figure 2.3 Block Diagram, IDU.................................................................................................... 14

Figure 2.4 Link 4X Block Diagram .......................................................................................... 18-19

Figure 3.1 Link 4X Link Rack Mount............................................................................................ 21

Figure 3.2 Outdoor Unit Mounting Hardware .............................................................................. 22

Figure 3.3 Mounting the Outdoor RF Unit to the Bracket ............................................................ 23

Figure 3.3a Mounting the Bracket Latch and Stand Mount Detail................................................. 24

Figure 3.3b Locking the Mounting Hardware ................................................................................ 25

Figure 3.3c N-Type Antenna and Siamesed Ethernet/Power Connections .................................. 26

Figure 3.3d Ground Connection .................................................................................................... 27

Figure B.1 Two Foot Diameter Antenna .....................................................................................B-1

Figure B.2 Mount Configuration ..................................................................................................B-3

Figure B.3 Mounting Hardware Packed ...................................................................................... B-5

Figure B.4 Mounting Hardware Unpacked..................................................................................B-5

Figure B.5 Parabolic Reflector .................................................................................................... B-8

Figure B.6 Unpacking the Radome............................................................................................. B-8

Figure B.7 Antenna Mount Assembly ......................................................................................... B-9

Figure B.8 Antenna Mount Assembly .......................................................................................B-10

Figure B.9 Elevation Rod Assembly ......................................................................................... B-10

Figure B.10 Feed Horn Installation ............................................................................................. B-11

Figure B.11 Feed Horn Polarization Markings ............................................................................B-12

Figure B.12 Parabola Rear View Showing Polarization Reference Markers.............................. B-12

Figure B.13 Feed Horn Installation ............................................................................................. B-13

Figure B.14 Feed Horn Installation for Vertical Polarized Operation.......................................... B-13

Figure B.15 Azimuth Clamp/Shear Stop Assembly .................................................................... B-14

Figure B.16 Azimuth Adjustment Clamp Assembly ................................................................... B-14

Figure B.17 Hoisting the Antenna ............................................................................................... B-15

Figure B.18 Antenna Alignment using RSL Output while adjusting the antenna .......................B-16

Figure C.1 Antenna Mount ..........................................................................................................C-1

Figure C.2 Azimuth and Elevation Planning ...............................................................................C-2

Figure C.3 Azimuth and Elevation Planning ...............................................................................C-3

Figure C.4 Flat Panel Antenna....................................................................................................C-4

Figure C.5 Adjustable Panel Antenna Mount ..............................................................................C-5


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Tables

Table 1.1 FCC U-NII Bands ......................................................................................................... 2

Table 2.1 Recommended Antennas ............................................................................................. 8

Table 2.2 Features Available Through RS-232 Interface........................................................... 11

Table 3.1 Inventory of Equipment and Installation Materials ..................................................... 20

Table 3.2 Installation Checklist................................................................................................... 28

Table 3.3 Approximation Table .................................................................................................. 29

Table 5.1 Frequencies................................................................................................................ 31


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Welcome!

Welcome to the Wireless, Inc. WaveNet LinkSeries product family. This manual is designed

to introduce you to the Link 4X, and to provide you with information necessary to plan, install,

operate and maintain a Link 4X wireless communication system.

The Link 4X is intended for professional installation only. This manual, however, is also

designed for personnel who plan, operate and administrate the Link 4X communication system.Please review the entire manual before powering up or deploying any Link 4X.

Updates to this manual will be posted on the Wireless, Inc. Customer Service Website at

http://www.wire-less-inc.com. Registered Wireless customers can access Wireless on-line

information and support service, available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Our on-line service

provides users with a wealth of up-to-date information, with documents being added or updated

each month.

Radiation Warnings

Microwave Radio Radiation Warning

Under normal operating conditions, Link 4X radio equipment complies with the limits for human

exposure to radio frequency (RF) fields adopted by the Federal Communications Commission

(FCC). All Wireless, Inc. microwave radio equipment is designed so that under normal working

conditions, microwave radiation directly from the radio is negligible when compared with the

permissible limit of continuous daily exposure recommended in the United States by ANSI/IEEE

C95.1-1991 (R1997), Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency

Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz.

Microwave signal levels that give rise to hazardous radiation levels can exist within transmitter

power amplifiers, associated RF multiplexers, and antenna systems.

Never look into the open end of a Waveguideas eyes are particularly vulnerable to radiation.

Do not disconnect RF coaxial connectors, open microwave units, or break down any

microwave screening while the radio equipment is operating.


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Microwave Antenna Radiation Warning

Designed for point-to-point operation, an Link 4X microwave radio system will use directional

antennas to transmit and receive microwave signals. These directional antennas are usually

circular or rectangular in shape, are generally located outdoors, and are usually mounted on a

tower or mast.

Referencing OET Bulletin 65 (Edition 97-01, August 1997) from the Federal CommunicationCommissions Office of Engineering & Technology, limits for maximum permissible exposure

(MPE) to microwave signals have been adopted by the FCC for both Occupational/Controlled

environments and General Population/Uncontrolled environments. These limits are 5.0 mW/

cm2and 1.0 mW/cm2, respectively, with averaging times of six-minutes and thirty-minutes,

respectively.

The closer you are to the front center-point of a microwave antenna, the greater the power

density of its transmitted microwave signal. Unless you are very close, however, microwave

exposure levels will fall far below the MPE limits. To determine how close to a microwave

antenna you can be and still remain below the MPE limits noted above, worst case predictions

of the field strength and power density levels in the vicinity of an Link 4Xmicrowave antenna

can be made from the following calculations. The equation is generally accurate in the far-field

of an antenna, and will over-predictpower density in the near-field (i.e. close to the antenna).

S = PG/4R2

where: S = power density (in mW/cm2)

P = power input to the antenna (mW)

G = power gain of the antenna in the direction of interest relative to an isotropic

radiator

R = distance to the center of radiation of the antenna (cm)

Note that G, the power gain factor, is usually expressed in logarithmic terms (i.e., dB), and mustbe converted using the following equation:

G = 10dB/10

For example, a logarithmic power gain of 24 dB is equal to a numeric gain of 251.19.

Assuming (1) maximum output power from the Link 4X(+3.5 dBm [2.238 mW]), (2) no signal

loss in the cable connecting the Link 4X to the antenna, and (3) the use of a 27 dBi gain parabolic

antenna, the 5.0 mW/cm2and 1.0 mW/cm2MPE power density limits would be reached at

distances of approximately 4.22 cm and 9.44 cm, respectively.

Wireless, Inc. fully supports the FCCs adopted MPE limits, and recommends that personnel

maintain appropriate distances from the front of all directional microwave antennas. Should you

have questions about Link 4X microwave signal radiation, please contact the Wireless, Inc.

Customer Service Department.


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Notice Regarding Operation pursuant to FCC part 15 Rules

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device

pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable

protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial

environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if

not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful

interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likelyto cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference

at his own expense.


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1.0 General Overview

1.1 WaveNet Link Series Product Family

All Link 4X radios are members of the WaveNet Link Series radio product family. The WaveNetLink Series is designed to provide an economical wireless solution for local access telecommu-

nication requirements.

This manual addresses, in detail, the operation of the Link 4X. For detailed information on othermembers of the WaveNet Link Series, please refer to the appropriate Operation Manual(s).

1.2 Introduction to the Link 4X

The Link 4X is a digital radio using BPSK modulation techniques and is designed for use as apoint-to-point communications system. The Link 4X is used in the following applications: point-to-point (building to building), ISPs, CLECs, Wireless Local Loop (WLL), Backup Solutions andTemporary Links.

The Link 4X radio is designed for operation in two of the Unlicensed National Infrastructure atfrequencies of 5.250 - 5.350 GHz or 5.725 - 5.825 GHz.

Each Link 4X is comprised of an indoor unit which provides the means to connect system power,formatted data, SNMP interface and RS-232 ports to monitor and control the link. An outdoorpole mounted RF unit is supplied as part of the system. Each link is powered by means of a DCpower supply which is fed to the unit through a power/data cable. The system has a data totaltransmission capacity of 8.448 Mb/s. Refer to the Link 4X data sheets for detailed informationrelating to product offerings and specifications.


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Table 1.1 - FCC U-NII Bands

1.3 Regulatory Information

In January 1997, the FCC made available 300 MHz of spectrum for Unlicensed NationalInformation Infrastructure (U-NII) devices. The FCC believes that the creation of the U-NII bandwill stimulate the development of new unlicensed digital products which will provide efficient andless expensive solutions for local access applications.

The U-NII band is divided into three sub bands at 5.15 - 5.25, 5.25 - 5.35 and 5.725 - 5.825 GHz.The first band is strictly allocated for indoor use and is consistent with the European HighPerformance Local Area Network (HIPERLAN). The second and third bands are intended forhigh speed digital local access products for campusand short haulmicrowave applications.

1dnaB 2dnaB 3dnaB

ycneuqerF zHG52.5ot51.5 zHG53.5ot52.5 zHG528.5ot527.5

)xaM(rewoP PRIEsttawillim002 PRIEttaw1 )PRIE(sttaw4 *

esUdednetnI ylnOesUroodnI supmaC selim01xorppA

swolla8991,42enuJnodesiver)00M(redrodnanoinipomudnaromemCCFtnecerA:etoN*forewoptuptuorettimsnartmumixamadnaniagiBd32htiwannetnalanoitceridafoesueht

.dnabIIN-U528.5-527.5ehtnittaw1

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2.0 Link 4X Product Profile

2.1 General Overview

The Link 4X series of microwave radio products provides digital capacities for 4XE1 data ratesfor short-haul applications up to 10 km. The radio terminal operates in the Unlicensed National

Information Infrastructure (U-NII) spectrum with a revolutionary Split Modulation systemarchitecture that provides full duplex operation in the 5.3/5.7 GHz U-NII frequency bands.

The Link 4X series provides the unique advantage of a very robust digital transmission schemeemploying advanced Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques to reduce data errors.

The product uses two separate 100 MHz bands within the U-NII frequency spectrum. Withinthese bands, the Link 4X series operates in one of many independent channels providing forfrequency reuse and network flexibility, ideal for dense network applications.

Synthesized RF channel selection is field configurable, as are the power output options for theselection of antenna sizes. Frequency coordination and installation guidelines are provided in

the appendix section of this manual.

Complying with all aspects of FCC Rules Subpart 15.401-15.407, the transmission character-istics of the Link 4X series are ideally suited to meet the peak power spectral densityrequirements of the U-NII 5.250 - 5.350 and 5.725 - 5.825 GHz bands.

The Link 4X has been designed for easy access to all interfaces, controls, and displays.Information in this manual will familiarize you with all of these items. Figure 2.1 illustrates two(2) Link 4X terminals in a point-to-point configuration.


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Figure 2.1 (WL272904) goes here


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Figure 2.1 (WL272904) goes here


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2.2 Specifications

2.2.1 General Specifications

Frequency Band: Full-duplex operation in the Unlicensed NationalInformation Infrastructure

Regulations: Complies with FCC Ruling Part 15, Subpart E (U-NII)

Frequency Range: 5,250 - 5,350 MHz and 5,725 - 5,825 MHzCapacity Options: 4xE1

2.2.2 Digital Interface

ITU-T/E1Type: Based on 4 E-1 inputsLine rate: 4 x 2.048 Mb/sLine Code: HDB3Interface: 75unbalanced or optional 120unbalancedConnectors: BNC (75) or RJ-48C (120)

2.2.3 Transmitter

5.3 GHz (Low Band) 5.7 GHz (High Band)Frequency Range: 5,250 - 5,350 MHz 5,725 - 5,825 MHzOutput Power (maximum): 0 dBm 0 dBm

+4 dBm +4 dBm+8 dBm +8 dBm+12 dBm +12 dBm

2.2.4 Receiver

Type: Coherent Detection Coherent DetectionSensitivity, BER 10-6 Typical: 85.5 dBm 85.5 dBmMaximum RF Input: -20 dBm -20 dBm


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2.2.6 Diagnostics

LEDFront Panel Indicators: Power (normally On)Alarms: Major Alarm On

Minor Alarm Blinks

External Alarm Inputs: Two separate TTL level inputs, ground inputs to alarm(DB9 connector)

Performance Monitoring: Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)

2.2.7 Power

Input Voltage Range: 20 to 72 VDCPower Consumption: 21 watts maximum

2.2.8 Environmental

Indoor Unit Outdoor UnitTemperature Range: -10C to +50C -30C to +60CAltitude: 4,500 meters (15,000 ft) 4,500 meters (15,000 ft)Humidity: 95% non-condensing Outdoor, all weather

enclosure

2.2.5 Antennas

Forward Gain Front/Back RatioFlat Panel: 6(15.24 cm) 18 dB 35 dB

12(.30 m) 23 dB 41 dB24(.61 m) 27 dB 45 dB

Parabolic: 2(.61 m) 28 dB 38 dB

4(1.22 m) 34 dB 46 dB

epyT rebmuNtraPdnarerutcafunaM

iBd82,dezireloPenalP,hsidretemaid'2 IRA25-2PSSleirbaG

iBd82,dezireloPlauD,hsidretemaid'2 IRA25-2DSSleirbaG

iBd43,dezireloPenalP,hsidretemaid'4* A25-4PSSleirbaG

iBd43,dezireloPlauD,hsidretemaid'4* A25-4DSSleirbaG

iBd81,dezireloPenalP,lenaPtalF"6 25-5.SPFDleirbaG

iBd32,dezireloPenalP,lenaPtalF"21 25-1SPFDleirbaG

iBd82,dezireloPenalP,lenaPtalF"42 25-2SPFDleirbaG

.tnailpmocCCFtoneradna,ylnoASUehtedistuoesuroferasannetnahsidtoof-4ehT* 709772LW

Table 2.1 - Recommended Antennas


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2.2.9 Mechanical

Indoor Unit Outdoor UnitDimensions (HxWxD): 44 x 483 x 240 mm 310 x 351 x 73 mm

(0.72 x 19.0 x 9.4 in) (12.2 x 13.8 x 2.88 in)

Weight: 2.9 kg (6.6 lbs) 5.2 kg (11.5 lbs)

2.2.10 FCC Information (US Only)

This device has not been authorized as required by the rules of the Federal CommunicationsCommission. This device is not, and may not be, offered for sale or lease, or sold or leased, untilauthorization is obtained.

Notes: 1. Link 4X is intended for professional installation only2. Specifications subject to change without notice


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2.3 User Interfaces

The Link 4X provides user interfaces for fused DC power connection, electrical grounding, radiofrequency (RF) antenna connection, E1 Data connection, configuration and RSSI output. Thefollowing provides information on each interface. Figure 2.2 shows the locations of eachconnection to the indoor unit.

Indoor Unit, Connections

21-56 VDC Power Input - provided by customer, each terminal consumes 21 Watts 4xE1 Input/Output BNC type - E1 data conforming to the G.703 standard

(Optional RJ-48C Connection) NMS-Port - RJ-48C - SNMP interface for existing NMS systems Aux Port 1-RS-232 Connection, DB9 - provides local and remote control over terminals Aux Port 2-RS-232 Connection, DB9 - provides local and remote control over terminals ODU Power Interface - Category 3 Siamesed cable provided in the install kit ODU Data Interface - Category 3 Siamesed cable provided in the install kit

Indoor Unit, Controls and Indicators

Fuse/On-Off Switch - Fuse holder containing a 250 V, 3 amp fuse for protection of thesystem. The fuse can be rotated counterclockwise to disable the system, clockwise toenable.

LEDs, Status and Alarm - The status LED confirms the system is on. The alarm LEDindicates an alarm condition exists. The fault can be determined by means of the local RS-232 interface on the IDU and a VT-100 terminal.

G.703 Ground Switch - Enables the customer to configure the ground requirements of theE1 unbalanced connections according to the G.703 standard.

LEDs, Link, TX and RX - Provide a visual indication of the status of the link, transmitter andreceiver.

Figure 2.2 - Link 4X IDU

Status

Alarms1 2 3 4

Digital Input

Digital Output

DC

AC

21-56V

250V 3A

Link

Rx

Tx

NMS PortAUX Port 1 AUX Port 2 + -

Data

ODU Interface

+ -

WL272903

Link 4XTM

Fuse -250V 3AG.703 Ground

Switch

Siamesed Cat 3Data/Power

To/From ODU

NMS - SNMPInterface, RJ-48c

4xE1 Data Input/OutputBNC-Type Connections

RS 232 Interface,DB-9 Connector

21-56 VDCInput


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tinU noitpircseD

smralAUDI tsoLataDUDO,mralAxumeD,mralALLP,4-1SIA

noitarugifnoCUDI sehctiwS,noitarugifnoC,dnuorG,307-G

smralAUDO rezisehtnyS,domeD,evieceR,CLA

noitarugifnoCUDO noitceleSycneuqerF,noitaunettAFR,kcabpooLelbaC

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Table 2.2 - Features Available Through the RS-232 Interface

Outdoor Unit

Date/Power Cable- Siamesed Cat-3 Data and power cables. RSSI- BNC type connector used for RSSI measurement. Antenna (RF) Connector- N-type connector used for connection with antenna. Main Power- The Link 4X is designed to work from a power input of 20 to 56 VDC. Grounding Connector- The front panel of the Link 4X is equipped with an M5 ground

screw and associated washers. This ground screw serves as the proper chassis-groundconnection point for an external ground source. The Link 4X must be grounded inaccordance with the electrical codes, standards, and practices governing the localinstallation.

The following alarm configuration features are possible using the RS-232 interface:


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Figure 2.2a - Outdoor Unit, Front View

Figure 2.2b - Outdoor Unit, Back View

Siamesed Category 3Ethernet andPower cables

Receive Signal Level (RSL)Output (BNC Type, Female)

Antenna Connection(N Type, Female)

ODUGround Connection

MountingStuds

WL272905

WL272910


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2.4 ODU Performance Monitoring

RSSI - A voltage provided through a BNC connector on the outside of the ODU. The RSSI portis used for antenna alignment during installation and for periodic measurement of Receiver/Path performance. The RSSI voltage is related to Rx BER from -30 dBm to -90 dBm.

2.5 Theory of Operation

General Overview

The Link 4X is a point to point Wireless Extension operating in the 5.3/5.7 GHz UNII band asauthorized in rule sections 15.401 through 15.407. The unit is enclosed in a weather proofoutdoor enclosure and is intended to provide data links over distances up to 10 km. The radioin the unit operates full duplex, transmitting and receiving data at the rate of 8.448 Mbps. Theradio is modulated using BPSK.

2.5.1 Link 4X Indoor Unit

Circuit Description

The following circuit description is intended to explain the operation of the indoor and outdoorunits at the block diagram level. This text is written with the idea that the reader has the blockdiagram readily available, as it will aid in understanding the signal flow in the radio.

Four E1 rate tributaries are time division multiplexed and input to the IDU protection circuit bymeans of four panel mounted BNC type connectors. The LIU (Line Interface Unit) converts the4xE1 data stream from a bipolar HDB3 signal which is input to the Mux/Demux and convertsthe 4E1 signal to an aggregate signal. The FGPA scrambles the data into a pseudo randompattern which passes the data back to the mux and through an E2 rate line interface to and fromthe ODU. The microcontroller acts as the processing core to manage all external and internal

functions of the IDU/ODU. This includes monitoring the ODU, IDU for alarm conditions, as wellas providing SNMP and RS-232 control over the terminal. See Figure 2.3.


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Figure 2.3 - Block Diagram, IDU

E1LIU3

E2LIU

J16

E1 / E2MUX

E1LIU4

E1LIU2

E1LIU1

ScramblerDe-Scrambler

RadioSync

CntrlRegs

AddrDecode

StatusRegs

OTPROM

Boot512K

Flash1512K

Flash2512K

303VXCVR

DRAM8M

Data

Addr

CSO

CS1

PIO

PIO

RJ1

EEPROM2K

ModemDriver

CPU68EN302

RS232XCVR

EthernetXCVR

3.3VReg

SCC2

SCC3

Ether

SCC1

RASO

CS2

addr

data

FPGA

TAO

Data

Addr

J23

FrontPanelBoard

J15

5V DC-DCConverter

Fuse

PowerSupervisorStatusLead

Reset

IDU Board

Aux 2

Aux 1

Ether

Link Leds

UNI/BI SW

E1 BNC

TX RX

WL055001


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2.5.2 Link 4X Outdoor Unit, Transmitter

The data is differentially encoded and scrambled before it is routed through the transmitbaseband filter to provide spectral shaping. The baseband filter is a five pole low pass filter.After amplification, the baseband signal is fed to the modulator consisting of a doubly balancedmixer. The modulator is running directly at the transmitter frequency of 5.775 GHz 50 MHz.The local oscillator signal of the mixer is supplied from the frequency synthesizer section, with

the frequency dependant on the RF channel selected. Operation of the frequency synthesizerwill be detailed later in this document.

From the output of the modulator, the signal is amplified and then passed through a 150 MHzwide bandpass filter to remove any local oscillator products from the output spectrum. Afterfiltering, the signal is passed through a series of amplifier and attenuator stages that are usedto control the output power level. With a combination of fixed and variable attenuation the outputpower can be set to one of four different levels to accommodate different antennas used withthe product.

The power setting is maintained by an active ALC circuit that samples the transmitter outputpower and then adjusts the variable attenuator to keep the output power constant over theoperating temperature of the unit. The power level is controlled to within 1 dB of the set point.

Following the attenuators the signal is fed through additional amplification to bring the outputlevel to a maximum of +13 dBm at the output of power amplifier. A lowpass matching sectionfollows the power amplifier to aid in filtering harmonics of the signal. After passing through theduplexer, the power level at the antenna port is a maximum of +11 dBm.


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2.5.3 Link 4X Outdoor Unit Receiver

The receiver in the Link 4X is a conventional dual conversion design with IF frequencies of474.88 MHz and 70 MHz.

From the receive port of the duplexer, the low level input signal is passed through a low noisepreamplifier that provides 25 dB of gain. Following the preamplifier the signal is passed through

a 200 MHz wide bandpass filter to provide image rejection for the first mixer.

The signal is then mixed with the first LO to convert the signal to 474.88 MHz. Following furtheramplification the signal is passed through a five pole, 20 MHz wide bandpass filter. This filterprovides image filtering for the second mixer, and also helps attenuate signals on the adjacentreceive channels. After filtering, the signal is further amplified and then passed through avariable attenuator stage before it is applied to the second mixer.

The output of the second mixer is at 70 MHz. The 70 MHz IF stages provide additional gain alongwith two sections of variable attenuation for the AGC function. The primary adjacent channelfiltering is also at 70 MHz where the signal is passed through a 12 MHz wide SAW filter. Thecombination of filters provide a minimum of 47 dB of attenuation at the adjacent receivechannels (10.24 MHz).

At the end of the 70 MHz IF chain the signal is fed into a quadrature demodulator. The carrierrecovery loop consists of a four quadrant multiplier that multiplies I and Q baseband signals tocreate an error voltage. This error voltage is then amplified and fed back to the 70 MHz VCO.This forms a phase locked loop that is locked to the received carrier frequency.

The 70 MHz output is also fed into a wide band logarithmic amplifier that provides a DC voltageoutput proportional to the 70 MHz signal strength. The DC voltage is then integrated and fedback to the variable attenuator stages to form an AGC control loop. This control loop keeps thesignal level at the input to the demodulator chip constant over the entire operating range of the

receiver.

Data recovery from the I baseband signal begins by passing the I signal through a slicer. Theoutput of the slicer is a digital signal that contains both data and clocking information. A clockrecovery circuit recovers receive timing information that is needed to clock the data through thedescrambler, and differential decoder.


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2.5.4 Synthesizer

The FPGA provides four 22-bit streams in a serial format loaded to the synthesizer. This dataprovides all of the possible frequencies at which the system can operate. Depending upon thedip switch settings selected, the actual frequency being used is selected. When the reset buttonis pressed, the FPGA will reload this data to the synthesizer.

Frequency Synthesis

The local oscillator frequencies used in the RF Unit are all synthesized from a 19.2 MHz, 2.5PPM reference oscillator. The overall frequency stability of the radio is 2.5 PPM, directlyreflecting the reference oscillator stability.

A dual frequency synthesizer chip is used to control both the first and second local oscillatorloops. This chip supports one high frequency oscillator, up to 1.5 GHz, and one lower frequencyoscillator to be used as a second LO.

The first local oscillator VCO operates at one half the transmitter output frequency, and changeswith the transmit channel selected. The first LO consists of a bipolar VCO operating at 2.887GHz 25 MHz. The output of this VCO is buffered and then passed through a X2 prescaler chipbefore being fed back to the synthesizer chip. The phase comparison frequency for the first LOis 320 kHz.

After amplification the 2.887 GHz signal is passed through a frequency doubler to create the5.775 GHz signal that is applied to the mixer stages.

The second local oscillator consists of a VCO that is phase locked to 404.88 MHz. This auxiliarysynthesizer is operating with a phase comparison frequency of 240 kHz.


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3.0 Equipment Installation and Commissioning

3.1 Installation

The Link 4X has been specifically designed for ease of installation. The following installationinstructions should be followed.

1. Plan the installation- Decide where each component of the Link 4X will be placed priorto commencement of any installation activity. Installation considerations for each compo-nent in general are as follows:

a. Indoor Unit- Install in floor or rack mount configuration.b. Outdoor RF Unit- Mount as close as practical to the Antenna assembly. The maximum

distance is determined by the included interconnect cable which is 1 meter in length.Determine pole mounting details for the Outdoor Unit and Antenna. Adjust output poweraccording to Table 3.1.

c. Antenna Unit - See Appendix B.

2. Inventory your equipment and installation materials.To install one (1) terminal you should have the items shown in Table 3.1.

3. The following tools should be on hand:

Tool PurposeWire Stripper/Cutter General wire stripping and cutting purposesHand-Held Voltmeter (DMM) Confirm magnitude, polarity, continuity

with standard probes2 Adjustable Wrenches Antenna mounting, Outdoor Unit up to 1.5 cm#2 Philliips Screwdriver Outdoor Unit Grounding

Table 3.1 - Inventory of Equipment and Installation Materials

ytQ noitpircseD

1 UDIX4kniL

1 tiKllatsnIUDIX4kniL

1 UDOX4kniL

1 srenetsafdetaicossadnatekcarBtnuoMllaWroeloP

1 elbaCrewoPylppuSCDV84/ataDdesemaiS

1 ylbmessAelbaClaixaoCelaM-NotelaM-N

309772LW


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3.2 Install the IDU

1. Choose either a desktop or rack mount mounting location. For a desktop mount configuration, the unit can be installed directly out of the box. For rack mounting the IDU, installation kit contains rack mounting brackets for flush or

projection mounting. See Figure 3.1 for IDU Install Kit. Remove the desktop mountingfeet and install the rack mount brackets.

2. Make the following connections to the IDU: 21-56 VDC Input 4xE1 Data Input/Output BNC-Type Connections G.703 Ground Switch NMS - SNMP Interface, RJ-48C Aux 1 (DB-9, Terminal Interface, RS-232) Aux 2 (DB-9, Aux Serial port or Alarm Input) Siamesed Cat-3 Data/Power To/From ODU

WL272911

Status

Alarms1 2 3 4

Digital Input

Digital Output

DC

AC

21-56V

250V 3A

Link

Rx

Tx

NMS PortAUX Port 1 AUX Port 2 + -

Data

ODU Interface

+ -

Link 4XTM

12 x 24Rack Screws4 Places

Figure 3.1 - Link 4X Rack Mount


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Figure 3.2 - Outdoor Unit Mounting Hardware

3.3 Outdoor RF Unit Installation

General

The outdoor unit is installed by means of a pole mount adaptor bracket (wall mount optional)that is secured to the pole using two metal hose type clamps. Figure 3.1 shows the hardwareprovided to mount the Outdoor RF Unit.

1. Install the outdoor unit pole mount adaptor bracket using the supplied metal hose typeclamps. See Figure 3.2.

2. Align the four mounting studs on the outdoor unit with the bracket holes (See figure 3.3)and secure to the bracket by pushing down the latches as shown in Figures 3.3a and 3.3b.

3. Connect the Siamesed Category 3 Data/power cable, the N-type antenna and the groundconnections as shown in Figures 3.4a and 3.4b.

Siamesed Catagory 3Ethernet and Power Cable

for IDU to ODU Interconnection

N-Male to N-MaleODU to Antenna

Coaxial Cable Assembly

Pole MountBracket Fasteners

Wall Mount Bracket(Optional)

Pole Mount Bracket

WL272909


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Figure 3.3 - Mounting the Outdoor RF Unit to the Bracket

Pole MountBracket

Outdoor Unit

WL272912


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Figure 3.3a - Mounting Bracket Latch and Stud Mount Detail

Detail of Latch Mechanismfor Securing the Outdoor Unitto the Pole Mount(4 Places on Bracket)

Outdoor UnitMounting Studsplaced throughthis hole

WL272913


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Figure 3.3b - Locking the Mounting Hardware

MountingStuds x 4

Press locking latchesdown to secure the ODU

to the pole mount bracket

WL272906


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Figure 3.3c - N-Type Antenna and Siamesed Ethernet/Power Connections

WL272907

N-TypeAntenna

Connector

Siamesed Category 3Data/Power Cable


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Figure 3.3d - Ground Connection

Ground Cable(not supplied)

WL272908


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Table 3.2 - Installation Checklist

tsilkcehCnoitallatsnI

?eruceserawdrahgnitnuomkcarehtsI

?dednuorgylreporptinuehtsI

?detcennocylreporpannetnaehtsI

?tcerrocdnaecalpnisnoitcennocatadehterA

809772LW

3.4 Commissioning

1. Visually verify that the Link 4X is properly mounted.2. Verify that the DC power input to the Link 4X is on.

Refer to Table 3.2.

3.4.1 Configuring Link 4X System Antennas

The antennas used on an Link 4X radio system are generally configurable for either vertical orhorizontal polarization. It is extremely important to verify that both antennas are configured forthe same polarization, and that the appropriate antenna polarization has been selected for thespecific radio link.

3.4.2 Aligning the Link 4X System Antennas

With the Link 4X at each site properly configured for operation, antenna alignment must beperformed at both sites. Proper antenna alignment is crucial to the proper operation of an Link4X radio system, and should only be accomplished by experienced professionals.

The Link 4X is equipped with a ODU mounted BNC-(f) RSSI connector to which an analog ordigital voltmeter can be connected. The voltage range at the test point, between the centerconductor of the connector and ground, varies from approximately two VDC to four VDC,serving as a receive signal strength indicator (RSSI). The stronger the receive signal, the higherthe RSSI voltage.

Emanating from a microwave antenna is a main beam (or lobe) of RF energy, surrounded byRF side lobes. The beamwidth of the main beam varies with the size and type of antenna, aswell as the specific frequency of the RF signal, and is generally defined by the nominal total widthof the main beam at the half-power (-3 dB) points. Side lobes surround the main beam at specificangle distances, and will be lower in power than the main beam.

When aligning an antenna system, it is extremely important to verify that the antennas are bothaligned on the main beam, not on a side lobe. Referencing Table 3.3, the first side lobe willgenerally be located at an angle slightly less than twice the antenna beamwidth.

Following the course alignment of an antenna system, a common practice when performing afine alignment is to slowly swing each antenna (one at a time!) in both vertical (elevation) andhorizontal (azimuth) planes to verify that the main beam and first side lobe can be accuratelyidentified. This insures that accurate alignment of the antenna system on the main beam hasbeen accomplished.


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Table 3.3 - Approximation Table

elytSdnaretemaiDannetnA )iBd(niaG )seerged(htdiwmaeBBd3

cilobaraptoof-2 82 1.6

*cilobaraptoof-4 43 1.3

lenaptalftoof-1 32 4.9

lenaptalftoof-2 82 7.4

.tnailpmocCCFtoneradna,ylnoASUehtedistuoesuroferasannetnahsidtoof-4ehT* 909772LW

Each Link 4X is shipped with an RSSI test sheet, showing the relationship between the receivesignal strength level (in dBm) and the RSSI level (in VDC). These RSSI test sheets are oftenreferred to as AGC Curves. The RSSI test sheets can be used to verify that the calculatedreceive signal levels match up with the actual receive signal levels. Substantial differencesbetween calculated and actual levels could point to transmission system problems, side lobealignment, path obstructions, etc.


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4.0 Link 4X Provisioning

There are four basic management facilities included with each IDU:

HTTP/HTML server providing embedded management Web pages SNMP MIB-II and Link 4X enterprise MIB support FTP upload and download of configuration data files and system software

Telnet and direct access through RS-232 maintenance port

Configuration and monitoring of individual IDUs can be accomplished, both locally andremotely, using the Web pages served from within the IDU itself. In-depth network monitoringcan be accomplished using an SNMP network management station (NMS), using both thestandard MIB-II variables as well as device-specific variables included in the supplied Link 4Xenterprise MIB. The IDU contains a flash file system, and configuration data and systemsoftware stored in various files that can be accessed using FTP. No special managementapplications are required to use these facilities.

Network administrators can enable or disable access to these facilities, and can limit access

by use of passwords or SNMP community names.

The RS-232 maintenance port and telnet both give the use of direct access to the IDU software.Therefore, they should only be used under the direction of Wireless, Inc. support staff.

Security

Physical access to the IDUs is best controlled by the use of pad locks to secure the enclosuredoors. This prevents unauthorized users from accessing the set-up switch or the RS-232maintenance port (which should only be used under the direction of Wireless, Inc. support staff).

Care should be taken in planning the network locations of management centers so that SNMP

community names and FTP/HTTP/Telnet passwords are not sent over untrusted network linksexternal to the Link 4X radio network.

Determine who will be allowed to access which level of management information from whichIDUs, and select community names, user names, and passwords accordingly. FTP/HTTP/Telnet passwords should only be provided to network management staff who are allowed toreconfigure the IDUs, including making changes to passwords and SNMP access rights. SNMPcommunity names with write access allows limited reconfiguration rights, but does not includethe rights to change users, passwords, or community names. SNMP community names withread access do not allow any system configuration changes to be made, but do allow viewingof system usage and error statistics.

4.1 Plan IP Network Addressing

The radio interfaces on a given local IDU and its associated remote IDU form a unique IPnetwork (or subnetwork), and need to be assigned the same network address, with unique hostaddresses within this network. The Ethernet interfaces on each local and remote IDU areassigned host addresses within their Ethernet networks. It is a good practice to record the IPaddress planning information with the network map.


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4.2 Plan Routing Information

The local and remote IDUs each contain a Route Table that controls how packets are routedbetween its Ethernet and radio networks. It is not necessary to add explicit routes for packetsdestined for the network addresses of either the radio or Ethernet network, since the IDU willinfer these routes from the IP addresses and subnet masks for these interfaces. A DestinationIP Address value of default will apply to all packets other than those addressed to the local

networks of the Ethernet and radio interfaces or those with explicit Route Table entries. TheRoute Table entries contain:

Destination Network Address Subnet Mask for Destination Network Next Hop IP Address (address of next IDU on the local Ethernet or radio network)

It is common for the remote IDUs default route to have the Next Hop IP Address be that of thelocal IDUs radio interface.

For a local IDU, there is typically a route to each remote LAN. Where the local IDU connectsto a backbone network IDU, then it is common for the local IDU s default route Next Hop IPAddress to be the backbone IDUs interface on the local IDUs Ethernet network.

If there is more than one co-located local site IDU, and packets must be routed between themultiple radio networks, then each local site IDU needs route table entries for all remotenetworks. Alternatively, a separate Ethernet IDU (not a Link 4X IDU) can be used at the localsite to route packets between the local IDUs, allowing each local IDU to only need routes to itsown remote networks.

Route tables entries (other than the default route) apply the subnet mask for the routingdecision. Each route table entry can use a unique subnet mask, and CIDR and supernettingare supported.

4.3 Configure Radio Terminal

The IDU is configured using the Web browser over the Ethernet interface. In the followingprocedures, underlining is used to designate Web page links.

4.3.1 Equipment Needed

A PC with a 10Base-T Ethernet with Netscape Navigator3.0 (or later) or MicrosoftInternet Explorer 4.0 (or later), and ping and tracerouter utilities

One 10Base-T patch cables (Cat 5)

4.3.2 PC Internetwork Configuration

IP address: 10.0.0.xxx (where xxx is any number between 2-254) Subnet mask: 255.0.0.0


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4.3.3 IDU Configuration Procedure

Refer to Figures X.X and X.X when performing the following procedure.

IP address of Ethernet interface: 10.0.0.1; subnet mask: 255.0.0.0 IP address of Radio interface: 172.16.0.1; subnet mask: 255.255.0.0

1. Connect the PC to the NMS port.2. From the PCs Web browser, open the IDUs IP address (URL) 10.0.0.1 and confirm that

the IDUs identify management page is displayed. Note that no network log in is requiredwhenever the IDUs Ethernet interface IP address is 10.0.0.x, where x = {1 ... 254}.

Note: IP addresses in the range 10.0.0.1 - 10.0.0.254 should not be used except fortemporary initial configuration.

3. Select configure. Select the link to each of the following Web pages in succession, toconfigure or verify the configuration of the IDU. Note that on each configuration page thereis a reset button; this button will reset the parameters to the values that were present uponentering the page. After making configuration changes on any page, click the submit button

on that page. After completing all desired configuration, select finish. Each of these pagesis described in the sections below:

Radio: Enable/Disable Radio, Enable/Disable Cable Loopback, Frequency Pair (GHz) TxPower (dBm)

Internet: Interface Table, Ethernet/Radio IP addresses, Subnet Mask Route Table SNMP: Enable/Disable SNMP, Access Table Log in: Enable/Disable HTTP, FTP and Telnet, set user names and passwords Finish

4. From the finish page, verify that no errors are indicated. If there are, then select the links

in error, and correct the configuration information. Click on the subnet configuration buttonto make the new configuration active. No configuration changes will take effect until thisaction is performed. Pending changes that have been configured but not submitted will besaved so that they can be submitted at a later time.


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Identify screen:

WL144002


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Configure screen:

5. Reconfigure the PC using an IP address and subnet mask consistent with the IDUs newinternet configuration.

6. Confirm that log in and SNMP security configurations allow access as intended.7. Select identify and record the IP Addresses and of the Ethernet and Radio interfaces, and

the Hardware and Software Identification information. These are generally useful fortroubleshooting and maintenance.

Log In screen:

WL144001

WL144004


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4.4 Configure Radio

Configure Radio screen:

WL144005


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4.5 Configure Internet Parameters

Performing internet configuration is required in order to deploy the IDU. The default addressestablished by using the reset switch on the IDU board should not be used beyond the initialIDU configuration process.

WL144006


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4.5.1 Interface Table

Update the Interface Table with the new values for the IP Address and Subnet Mask for theEthernet and Radio interfaces. Subnet masks must have binary values consisting of a block ofcontiguous ones followed by a block of contiguous zeroes.

4.5.2 Route Table

Update the Route Table with the addresses of the networks that the IDU will route packets to,from the network planning information. A maximum of 64 routes may be entered. The columnsto enter are:

Destination Network IP Address (or default) Destination Network Subnet Mask (or default, when using default destination) Next Hop IP Address (address of next IDU on the local Ethernet or radio network)

4.6 Configure SNMP

Performing SNMP configuration is optional. If SNMP is Enables, then authorized users canaccess all monitoring variables and/or selected configuration variables. Variables that may beconfigured are limited to the normal industry practices for IDUs and radio-specific parameters.Users may also access a subset of MIB variables through the Web browser interface, uponsupplying a valid Community name (from a valid IP address) to log in through the Web browserinterface. This applies even if they do not have a Web browser network log in user name andpassword.

Note:Units are shipped from the factory with a community named public which has Readaccess. This allows users to view all configuration information via SNMP. Read access forthe community named public can be removed, thus preventing unauthorized personnelfrom viewing SNMP variables (IDU/radio configuration information, etc.).

The SNMP Community Name can be used to provide read-only or read/write access to aspecific user or group of users. You can add a community name, and assign the desired levelof access (read-only or read/write), via the SNMP configuration page. Once you have submittedthe configuration change, you can enter the newly assigned community name in the spaceprovided on the log in page. You will then have access to the unit at the level assigned to thatcommunity. You can then give that name to a particular user, or to a group of users.


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WL144007


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4.6.1 Community Table

The Community Table allows access to the SNMP Read and Write functions based onCommunity names (which serve as SNMP passwords). Community names must consist ofalphanumeric, hyphens, underscores, and/or periods. If one or more Network Manager IPAddresses are specified, then read and write requests will only be accepted if the IP sourceaddress from the SNMP packet matches one of the addresses listed.

If Traps are selected, then the IDU will send SNMP Traps to the specified IP address(es).

The factory default setting is to allow Read access for the Community Publiconly, from anyNMS; if this access is not desired, SNMP should be Disabled, the Read Access box should bede-selected, or the Community name should be changed to another value.

4.7 Configure Log In Security

Configuring log in access is usually recommended, except when extraordinary levels of securityare required. If this is not configured, then it will not be possible to Telnet, or perform Webbrowser or FTP based management operations over the network.

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4.7.1 User/Password Table

User names and passwords can be established for those allowed full access to the IDUfunctions through the Web browser interface or through FTP. These fields may containalphanumeric, plus the following symbols: $-_.+!*.

4.7.2 Enable/Disable FTP, HTTP, and Telnet

Network access to the Web browser management pages (HTTP), FTP, and Telnet can beenabled or disabled. If enabled, then user and password log in values will be checked againstthe values entered into the User/Password table at log in time before full access is granted. Toadd a new user, enter the user name and password (minimum 8 characters), and select theadd checkbox. The user will be prompted to confirm the password. To delete a user, de-selectthe keep checkbox next to the entry.

Note that limited access to SNMP-accessible variables will be allowed through the Webbrowser interface if the user supplies a valid SNMP community name at log in time. Access toSNMP variables will be restricted to read and/or write access depending on the communityname provided and the IP address of the Network Management Station. Configuration Webpages will only display those fields that can accessed given the security restrictions based onthe community name.

Using FTP, a user can read and write any file on the IDU. Misuse can cause IDU operationsto cease, so it should used with care. This is normally only needed to initially obtain a copy ofthe IDUs enterprise MIB from the IDUs flash file system, to save or restore a copy of one ormore of the IDUs configuration files, or to update the IDU with new software.

Telnet access is protected by the same passwords configured for FTP and HTTP access to theunit. The maintenance console can be accessed by opening a Telnet session to the unit.Misuse of the console interface could damage the integrity of the system software and/or

configuration. This interface should not be used except under the direction of Wireless, Inc.support staff.

If HTTP, FTP, and Telnet are disabled, then access to the unit through the Web browser(HTTP), FTP, and Telnet will be denied, regardless of user and password log in values enteredat log in time. To regain access will require physical access to the setup switch on the IDU boardwithin the enclosure. The setup switch will have to be used to return to the unit to factory defaultsas described in the Pre-Installation Configuration section of this manual.


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Issue pings in the following order to determine the source of the connectivity problem. If thereis a failure then consider the possible problem sources listed for each step.

Action Upon Failure, Verify:ping the IDUs Ethernet interface IP address, subnet mask, or default gateway

on PC IP address or subnet mask of IDUs Ethernet

interface (on IDU) Physical Ethernet link (hub and/or cable) to

remote IDUping the remote IDUs radio interface IP address or subnet mask of IDUs radio

interface on IDU radio interface is Enabled

ping the local site Link 4XIDUs radio interface IP address or subnet mask of local IDUs

radio interface Physical radio link

ping the local site Link 4XIDUs Ethernet interface IP address or subnet mask of local IDUs

Ethernet interface

If communications cannot be established to the IDU, then it may be necessary to use the setupswitch on the IDU board inside of the enclosure to reset the IDU s internetwork configurationto a known state (see Chapter 4).

If all of these are successful, then verify the route tables of the Link 4X local or remote. If theroute tables are correct, then the problem is likely outside of the Link 4X network.


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4.8 Network Operation

4.8.1 Control Operations

The control management page is used to set the system time to the current time, as understoodby the computer that the Web browser is running on. The system time is expressed relative toGreenwich Mean Time (GMT).

The control page can also be used to reset the Link 4X unit. Note that this operation will takethe IDU and radio off-line for approximately 2.5 minutes.

WL144009


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4.9 Using FTP to Archive or Modify Configurations

It may be desirable to archive a copy of a IDUs configuration for record keeping, or to restorein case of hardware failures. It may also be desirable to copy all or part of one IDUs configurationto another IDU. This might be done to insure consistency of data (e.g. security or routingparameters), or else as a short cut to reduce configuration time. These objectives can beaccomplished by using FTP to retrieve one or more of a IDUs configuration files, which can be

restored to the same unit or another unit when desired. Note that the internal structures of thedata located within the configuration files may change between different software versions,therefore configuration files should only be stored/restored between units having the sameversion of software. Note that it may be necessary to cd to the IDUs file system root (F:) priorto accessing files.

The IDUs configuration files are located in the IDUs file system as follows:

Radio Configuration Parameters: F:/SNMP/nxconfig.dat Log in User Names and Passwords: F:/MPN/passwd Interface IP Addresses and Subnet Masks: F:/MPN/inet Route Table Entries: F:/MPN/routes SNMP Community Table: F:/SNMP/config MIB-II System Group Data: F:/SNMP/nov

FTPing configuration files onto a IDU should be done with care, as errors in the copying processmay render the IDU inoperable pending significant recovery processes.


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4.10 Monitoring and Trend Analysis

Local and remote IDUs can be monitored through either the Web browser or SNMP agentinterfaces.

4.10.1 Web Browser Interface

A subset of the SNMP-accessible statistics is available through the Web browser interface.These statistics can be read by doing a network log in using either a user name and password,or by specifying a valid community name that is allowed SNMP read access, and then selectingmonitor. Statistics can be repeatedly sampled by using the reload/refresh feature included withthe Web browser. Monitor RSSI updates automatically approximately every 15 seconds. Radiostatistics, RSSI, Authentication, or System statistics can be selected.

Monitor System Statistics screen:

WL144010


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4.10.2 Monitor Radio Status

Troubleshooting of the radio link can be accomplished using radio status.

Monitor Radio Statistics screen on a local:

WL144011


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4.10.3 SNMP Network Management Stations

All monitorable statistics are available through SNMP queries. In addition to MIB-II variables,product-specific variables are available through the Link 4X enterprise MIB (see Appendix Be),which can be FTPd from F:/n2_4x.mib in the IDUs file system. Most commercial SNMPNetwork Management Stations have the ability to sample variables over time and display trendsand/or raise alarms based on defined thresholds. In addition, applicable SNMP traps are

supported, and can be used to raise alarms on the network management station.

4.10.4 Monitoring Error Messages and Traps

The IDUs support SNMP traps. (TBA)

4.11 RS-232/Telnet Maintenance Port

The DB-9 RS-232 port allows a terminal (or terminal emulator) to act as the operating systemconsole. This port should not be used except under the specific direction of Wireless, Inc.support staff. This physical interface is not protected against voltage surges, therefore nocables should be connected to it while the unit is installed outdoors. Misuse of the console

interface could damage the integrity of the system software and/or configuration.

The maintenance port functions can also be accessed by opening a Telnet session to the unit.Telnet access is protected by the same passwords configured for FTP and HTTP access to theunit. Again, this interface should not be used except under the direction of Wireless, Inc. supportstaff.


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5.0 Maintenance and Troubleshooting

The Link 4X contains static sensitive components, and has no user-serviceable parts.

5.1 Link 4X Maintenance

The Link 4X is designed to operate with no scheduled maintenance activities. From a

precautionary perspective, a regular check of power supply input voltages and RSSI voltagesshould be planned by the user.

5.1.1 RSSI Voltage

The Wireless Customer Service department recommends a monthly check of the Link 4XsRSSI voltage. Variations in the RSSI voltage could be an indicator of antenna or antenna feedmovement, loose or improper RF cabling or connectorization, path obstructions or reflections,etc.


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5.2 Identifying and Resolving Receive Signal Strength Issues

There are a great number of items which can affect the transmission of a microwave signal fromone site to another. Every microwave path is unique, and must be evaluated for performancebefore a radio link is installed.

Outside of radio equipment issues, antenna alignment, RF signal blockage, and multipath

fading are among the most common transmission problems experienced in the field.

5.2.1 Link 4X Equipment Issues

Frequency Selection

1. Verify the transmit/receive frequency selection for each Link 4X radio is set appropriately,and that a matched pairof radios has been selected for the system. Each Link 4X terminalcan be set to the frequencies listed in Table 5.1.

2. To reduce the possibility of co-adjacent channel interference, proper frequency coordina-tion and antenna polarization is used to isolate each channel. The concept is to achievemaximum RF isolation between link channels by means of frequency spacing and antennapolarization. In a starconfiguration an optimum frequency and antenna polarization planis provided to demonstrate an example of maximum isolation between links (See Figure5.2).

Table 5.1 - Frequencies

.oNlennahC ycneuqerF

1 8062.5

'1 865337.52 40172.5

'2 29547.5

3 82182.5

'3 61657.5

4 25192.5

'4 4667.5

5 67103.5

'5 46677.5

6 00213.5

'6 88687.5

7 42223.5

'7 21797.5

8 84233.5

'8 63708.5

019772LW


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1H 12H2

4H

4

3H

3

7V

7

8V

8

6V

6

5V

5

H = Horizontal Antenna PolarizationV = Vertical Antenna Polarization

WL035917

H

H

H

H

VV

V

V

Figure 5.2- Frequency Selection for the Link 4X Radio


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5.3 Where To Get Further Assistance

Your primary source of assistance is the support staff of the organization from which youpurchased this product. The Wireless, Inc. support staff should only be contacted directly if youpurchased this product directly from Wireless, Inc., or if you are unable to obtain sufficientassistance from your primary support contact.

General Product and Company Information

Wireless, Inc.5352 Betsy Ross DriveSanta Clara, CA 95454-1101USATel: +408 727 8383Fax: +408 727 1259E-mail: [email protected]: www.wire-less-inc.com

Detailed Product Information, Sales, Pricing Information and Pre-Sales

Technical Support

Wireless, Inc.Sales Department5352 Betsy Ross DriveSanta Clara, CA 95454-1101USATel: +408 727 8383Fax: +408 727 0990E-mail: [email protected]: www.wire-less-inc.com

Post-Sales Technical Support (Customer Service)

To assist you with field issues and, if necessary, to arrange for repair services, Wireless, Inc.sCustomer Service department can be reached via telephone, facsimile, e-mail, mail, or throughour Website.


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5.4 Return Procedure

All material returned to Wireless, Inc. must be accompanied by a Return Material Authorization(RMA) number from Wireless, Inc.'s Customer Service department. If you purchased yourWireless, Inc. product through a distributor, the Wireless RMA number should be obtainedthrough the distributor. An RMA number is necessary to assure proper tracking and handlingof returned material at the factory. Wireless, Inc. reserves the right to refuse shipments not

accompanied by an RMA number. Refused shipments will be returned to the shipper via collectfreight.

To obtain an RMA number, contact Wireless, Inc. as follows:

Telephone: +408 727 8383Fax: +408 727 1259E-mail: [email protected]

The following information will be required to issue an RMA number:

Part Number Serial Number Failure Description Contact person, telephone, and fax numbers Ship-to address Bill-to address* Customer purchase order* (P.O.) or reference number

* Required for non-warranty repair services. For non-warranty repair services, an RMAnumber will be issued when Wireless, Inc. acknowledges the purchase order.

Important - All non-U.S. returns must include 5 copies of proforma/customs invoice for each

shipment which lists:

RMA number Value of items Description of items (including the Wireless model or part number)

Please send all returns to:

Wireless, Inc.Attn: RMA Department5452 Betsy Ross DriveSanta Clara, CA 95054-1101

USARMA No. __________

The customer is responsible to properly label and package repairs and prepay shipping toWireless, Inc. If possible, the original packaging material should be used to return electronicparts. The RMA number must be visible on the outside of all packages returned. Unless otherarrangements have been made, all repairs are shipped back to the customer prepaid via groundcarrier.


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Appendix A Grounding Practices and Lightning

Protection Information

General

Good grounding (earthing) practices, when used in telecommunications, have some direct

benefits which can help you maximize the up time of your system as well as ensure the safetyof those people working on the system. Among these benefits are:

1. Protection of personnel from electric shock and fire hazards.2. Reduction of radiated and conducted electromagnetic susceptibility.3. Improved system tolerance to discharge of electrostatic energy and lightning interference.4. Minimized service interruptions and service damage.

There is no practice or formula which can completely eliminate the above risks, but we atWireless, Inc. believe that good grounding and bonding practices can significantly reduce therisk of many of these hazards. We have included a bibliography at the end of this appendix whichcontains several publications that are readily available and contain detailed information on

many aspects of grounding systems and their design, implementation, measurement, andmaintenance.

Please note that every telecommunication site is unique, and must be evaluated accordingly.The following information is provided for generic reference and educational purposes only. Thegrounding plans and practices for a given site should only be established and accomplished bytrained professionals, working in accordance with local practices and regulations.

Ground Connections

There should be a grounding plan designed at the outset of site design in order to provide the

best grounding procedures and to minimize ground loop currents. This should be achieved byconnecting the outer conductors of the cables through a large section copper strap to a centralgrounding point and the size of the conductor should be increased as each branch path isadded. The final conductor should be connected directly to the grounding system. For a radiosite a single copper grounding rod is insufficient because its impedance is likely to be too high.

Lightning Protection

Radio sites can be particularly prone to lightning strikes by virtue of their normally exposedlocations and the presence of relatively tall antenna support structures.

It is not possible to provide and guarantee complete protection from the effects of lightning;however, they can be significantly reduced by careful attention to grounding, protectiondevices, and the layout of the site itself.

Reference should also be made to various publications, some of which are listed in theBibliography. Where any site owner or user is in doubt about the protection requirements for anyparticular location, the appropriate authority should be consulted.


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Protection Arrangements

The purpose of any protection arrangement should be to provide a suitable path to ground forthe lightning current, to ensure adequate bonding between structures and all metalwork on thesite and the common grounding system in order to reduce the side flashing, and to attempt toprevent the entry of flashes or surges into the building.

The resistance to ground should be kept to a minimum and a value of less than 10-ohms isrecommended. The most important feature is that the system should ideally be at equalpotential across the entire site.

Certain authorities and service providers have their own particular practices which have to befollowed where applicable.

Arrangements will vary considerably from very simple sites to complicated sites with multiplebuildings, antenna support structures and associated equipment, and may involve integrationwith existing systems. Such systems may require upgrading.

Lightning Conductors

Down conductors, bonding interconnections, ground rings and radial tapes should be of coppercable or solid copper tape with a minimum cross section according to local practice with allconnections protected by non reactive paste.

Protected test points should be included if appropriate, and sacrificial ground lugs should beclearly marked and easily accessible for periodic inspection.

Grounding of Antenna Support Structures

A structure will generally act as its own lightning conductor and therefore will not require anadditional conductor from the top to the base. A lightning rod may be required to extend the zoneof protection to protect equipment mounted on the top of the structure. The lightning rod shouldextend 2.5-meters above the highest equipment.

Ground mounted support structures should be connected at their base to a ground ring viasacrificial ground lugs. Towers should have a connection from each leg.

A ground ring should consist of copper cable or solid copper tape with ground rods equallyspaced at 2-meter intervals around the base of the structure as close to it as possible, buriedapproximately 0.6-meters deep where soil conditions allow. An alternative method using radialsrather than rings is detailed in The Groundsfor Lightning and EMP Protection, second

edition, published by PolyPhaser Corporation.

The ground ring should be connected to the main building ground by the most direct route,buried as appropriate.

Roof mounted structures should be connected to the main building ground by the most directroute using sacrificial lugs and copper cable or tape as appropriate. Tower guy wires should bedirectly bonded at their lowest point to a suitable ground electrode or connected to the siteground by the most direct route.


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Grounding of Feeders

All antenna feeders should be bonded to the tower at the upper and lower ends and groundedat the point of entry into the building. Weatherproof grounding kits are available from antennamanufacturers.

Note: Many of the cables used by Wireless, Inc. have braided rather than solid outer

conductors; this type of grounding is not appropriate. In these cases we recommend theuse of Wireless, Inc. approved lightning arrestors. For information on lightning arrestors,please contact Wireless, Inc.s Customer Service department.

Grounding of Buildings

A ground ring ideally should surround the building and be connected to individual groundsassociated with feeder entry, antenna support structure, building lightning conductor, equip-ment room, main AC supply and other facilities. Each connection should be made by the mostdirect route in order to minimize interaction between the different grounding functions.

The ground ring should consist of copper cable or tape with electrodes 2- meters or greater inlength, buried to a depth of 0.6-meters and at a distance from the building not to exceed 1-meter.

Buildings may require lightning rods where they are not within the zone of another protectedstructure.

Bibliograpy

ITU - T K.40 Protection against LEMP in telecommunications centres

ITU - T K.27 Bonding configurations and earthing inside a telecommuni-cation building

ITU - T K.35 Bonding configurations and earthing at remote electronicsites

ITU - T K.39 Risk assessment of damages to telecommunications sitesdue to lightning discharges

ITU - T Lightning Handbook The protection of telecommunication lines and equipmentagainst lightning discharges

IEEE Emerald Book - Powering and Grounding

The Grounds for Lightning and EMP Protection, second editionPublished by PolyPhaser Corporation


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Appendix B Installation Instructions

Read the instructions completely before assembling or installing the antenna. This installationcan be dangerous and requires qualified personnel familiar with microwave assembly andinstallation.

Site Planning

1. For antenna mounting and planning dimensions, see Figure B.1 and Table B.1.2. The antenna is normally assembled with an elevation adjustment range of +50 degrees to

-5 degrees. By inverting the mount, it can be assembled with a +5 degree to -50 degreerange. In either configuration, the antenna centerline can be offset right or left, relative tothe vertical mast pipe (See Figure B.2) by inverting the Horizontal Tube Assembly.

Figure B.1 - Two Foot Diameter Antenna

WL035927

J H

B

A

P

K

G

Q

D

C


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Table B.1 - Two Foot Diameter Antenna Dimensions

noisnemiD noitpircseD annetnA)m6.0(.tf2

A htgneLtnuoM )mm075("4.22

B tnioPtoviP )mm501("2.4

C tesffOeniLretneC )mm521("0.5

D turtStnuoMlatnoziroH A/N

E turtStnuoMlacitreV.tP.tvP )mm571("8.8

F turtSediSdexiFlatnoziroH A/N

G enilretneCannetnA )mm543("6.31

H htgneLrotcelfeR )mm513("3.21

JhtgneLduorhStrohS )mm023("5.21

htgneLduorhSgnoL )mm583("1.51

K retemaiDannetnA )mm016("0.42

L )dradnatS(htgneLemodaR )mm043("4.31

N htpeDturtStnuoM A/N

P xetreVrotcelfeR )mm091("6.7

Q

retemaiDtsaM )mm511-06("5.4"4.2

egnaRelbatsujdAhtumizA 5

segnaRtnemtsujdAnoitavelE 5-/05+

829530LW


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Figure B.2 - Mount Configuration

WL035929

and Nut (4)

3/8(10mm)Round Head

Screw Lockwasher

2.4- 4.5

(60-115mm)

Shear StopCollar

ElevationPlate


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Table B.2a - Contents List, Reflector Assembly

Unpacking and Preparation

1. Carefully unpack the reflector, mount, shroud (if any), radome (if any) and feed from thecrate. For correct antenna performance, handle all components with care. Set aside thepackaged feed and any shroud or radome. See Figures B.3 through B.6.

Caution:The reflector spinning has been formed to a very close-toleranced parabolic shape.

Careful handling and assembly is required to avoid denting or deforming the reflector,which would degrade the antenna's performance.

2. Inspect for any damaged parts. See Tables B.2a-B.2d for an inventory of the parts andhardware shipped with the antenna.

Shroud Attachment

Attach the shroud assembly that is provided with high-performance antennas to the reflector.The installation procedure is covered by another instruction sheet supplied with the shroud.

Note:Some models have the shroud factory installed.

Table B.2b - Contents List, Feed Assembly

rebmuNtraP noitpircseD .ytQ kcehC

3-23832 A2-nepO'2ES.yssA.lfeR 1

039530LW

rebmuNtraP noitpircseD .ytQ

1-63752 pmalCgnitnuoMdeeF 4

305-61762 058.5-052.5A/SdeeF 1

0715TDA 071SSD'04x8//7x61/3lytuBkcarTRR 1

0500XWF 560.x437.0W"4/1rehsaW 4

122-II snoitcurtsnInoitallatsnI 1

0600XUN tuNxeH 4

0500XWS rehsaWtilpS 4

139530LW


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Figure B.3 - Mounting Hardware Packed

Figure B.4 - Mounting Hardware Unpacked

WL035932

Feed HornAssembly

MountingHardware

WL035933


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Table B.2c - Contents List, Mount Assembly

rebmuNtraP noitpircseD ytQ

105-57652 ylbmessAepiPlatnoziroH 1

505-52752 ylbmessAgnipmalCtsaM 1

2-61322 vlaGdoRdedaerhT 2

5-52542 "1flaHpmalCtsaM 1

0210GWF vlaGrehsaW 2

1210GUN vlaGrehsaW 6

0900GWS vlaGrehsaWtilpS 4

905-52732 yssAgnipmalCtsaM 1

2-61322 vlaGdoRdedaerhT 2

8-52542 flaHpmalCtsaM 1


0210GUN tuNxeH 6


405-72752 yssApotSraehS 1

3-58232 doRdedaerhT 2

2-52542 trohS-flaHpmalCZA 2

0310XUN tuNxeH 6


305-03752 yssAdoRnoitavelE 1

6-11632 doRnoitavelE 1

105-24832 yssAtkrBdoRnoitavelE 1

1-66652 elgnAtroppuSnoitavelE 1

0800GOB vlaGtloBxeH 1



0210GUN vlaGtuNxeH 1

5910XUN SStuNxeH 4



439530LW


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Table B.2d- Contents List, Mount Assembly

rebmuNtraP noitpircseD .ytQ

105-33752 tiKerawdraHtnuoM 1

45-94701 .vlaGtloB-U 2

2-16532 recapS 2

5000MDA ebuT.zo1ezieS-itnA 1

1290XOB tloBxeH 6

0210GWF rehsaW 4

05000XWF rehsaW 21

0210GUN .vlaGtuNxeH 4

0600XUN .vlaGtuNxeH 6

0900GNP tunlaP 4

0500XWS .vlaGrehsaWtilpS 6

1-09562 etalPnoitavelE 1

1-19562 etalPhtumizA 1

6811XOB wercSDHDNR 4

0310XUN tuNxeH 4

0800XWS rehsaWtilpS 4

232-II snoitcurtsnInoitallatsnI 1

539530LW


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Figure B.5 - Parabolic Reflector

Figure B.6 - Unpacking the Radome

WL035936

ParabolicReflector

WL035937


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Figure B.7 - Antenna Mount Assembly

Mount Assembly and Attachment

1. The reflector should be placed face down, either on the shroud or blocked up on packinglumber. Locate the Top and Bottom markings stenciled onto the back of the reflector.

2. Loosely attach Top Support Angles to the Horizontal Tube Assembly as shown in FigureB.7 and B.8.

3. For desired mount configuration (refer to Figure B.2), attach the Vertical Tube Assembly

to the Horizontal Tube Assembly as shown in Figure

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