management in the construction industry - course work 1 procurement & the context of construction

8/4/2019 Management in the Construction Industry - Course Work 1 Procurement & the Context of Construction

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Faculty of Science and EngineeringCivil Engineering Department

MASTER OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (709300)

PROCUREMENT AND THE CONTEXT OF CONSTRUCTION

COURSE WORK I

By: VINU FRANCIS Student ID No.

1128992

I the undersigned declare that I am the author of this work, and that anycontent from other sources has been acknowledged and fully cited.

Signed:Time spent on assignment: hours

Assessor:Assessor comments:

Date of assessment: 23 -08-2011 Mark awarded:

C ONTENTS


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1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. BUILDING ACT 2004 4

2.1 RESOURCE CONSENTS 5

2.2 PROJECT INFORMATION MEMORANDUM 5

2.3 BUILDING CONSENTS 6

2.4 PRODUCER STATEMENTS 7

2.5 CODE COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES (CCC) 7

2.6 COMPLIANCE SCHEDULES & BUILDING WARRANT OFFITNESS (BWOF)7

3. PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS 8

3.1 TRADITIONAL 9

3.2 DESIGN AND BUILD (D&B) 10

3.3 MANAGEMENT 12

3.4 PRIVATE PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS (PPP) 12

4. IMPACT OF BUILDING ACT ON PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS 13

4.1 ISSUES OF BUILDING CONSENTS 14

4.2 ISSUES OF LICENSED BUILDING PROFESSIONALS 17

4.3 MANDATORY WARRANTIES 18

5. PRESENT ECONOMIC SITUATION - NZ 19

6. CONCLUSION 19

7. REFERENCES 20

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1. INTRODUCTION

Building Act was introduced into the construction industry for the regulation of

building works in New Zealand. The Act affects the construction, modification,

destruction and maintenance of all new and existing buildings all over New Zealand.

It sets standards and techniques for personnel involved in construction work to

guarantee that buildings are built right first time. It also covers how a particular

building work can be done, who can do it, and when it needs to be inspected and

maintained. So any type of buildings which is to be constructed or renovated is

affected by the Building Act. Major provisions given out in the BA 04 for the issue of

a building consent or consents (BC) were not interpreted very clearly and so theamendment acts were introduced in the following years. [www.dbh.govt.nz, n.d.]

Considering the New Zealand economy, it has always been small and operates on

open market principles. Building and construction industry plays a very important

role in New Zealand economy. Project procurement has a vital role in construction

industry. It is the purchase of construction related services with the objective of the

creation of a new building or structure and/or alteration, renovation, maintenance and

extension of an existing building or structure. In other words, it can be described as an

predetermined process and technique for clients to acquire construction materials.

Apart from the traditional methods, now there are different complex and highly

efficient procurement systems used by the construction industries worldwide. The

different procurement systems vary each other in allocation responsibilities, order of

activities, process and procedure and organizational approach in project delivery.

In this coursework we discuss how the building act, which was revised in 2004, has

an impact on the procurement systems available in New Zealand today. Also we go in

detail about how the new act affects the consents, licensed experts and professionals,

building consents and mandatory warranties. Further the economy of NZ is analysed

and suggest some remedies for the better productivity in the construction industry

which could elevate the economy of New Zealand thus getting out of bad times to

some extent.

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2. BUILDING ACT 2004

In New Zealand, the entire construction including both residential and commercial

buildings which includes structures, bridges etc. are controlled by the Building Act

2004. It applies to the construction of a new building as well as the modification and

destruction of current ones. The BA 04 has dismantled the BA 91 and introduced a

series of variations to the regulations regarding building and construction work that

will contribute to a more productive, efficient building and construction sector. These

changes are introduced in several stages. Some have already been into effect, while

some will be implemented in the future. Moreover the case of leaky buildings has

resulted in making the amendments faster. Building act has resulted in a higher initial

cost structure, unknown lifecycle costs, inconsistencies in the application of the

consent and compliance process around the country and has inhibited industry

productivity and innovation. [http://www.dbh.govt.nz/blc-building-act, n.d.]

The Act aims at improving the control and further encourages better practices and

performance in, building design and construction which in a sense has a good

influence on the entire NZ construction industry. i.e. ,

We can expect more simple standards on constructions to meet.

More supervision on how those standards can be met.

We can assure that more experienced and talented people are undertaking

building design, construction and inspection.

More enquiries in the building consent and inspection procedures.

Better protection for the property holder by mandatory warranties.

[http://www.dbh.govt.nz/ba-about-the-building-act, n.d.]

Building act was introduced with a vision of cost reduction within the building and

construction without comprising quality. The ultimate aim of the BA was to make

sure that

People who uses the buildings are safe while at the same do not risk their life

and health

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Buildings have characteristics that contribute to the health, safety and well-

being of the people who uses it.

At times of fire, people can escape easily from the building.

Aiming a sustainable development by creating buildings in a better design and

using efficient construction methods.

Although it was introduced with an intension of cost reduction, safety and

sustainability by the legislation, majority of the matters which were interpreted in the

act were not very clear regarding the consent issues, mandatory warranties and the

issues of licensed professionals etc. [http://www.dbh.govt.nz/blc-building-act, n.d.]

2.1 RESOURCE CONSENTS

Resource consents are licences that allow taking or utilizing water, land or coastal

resources. They also include permits on disposal of water or other wastes into land,

air, land or to water. Resource consent has special consideration towards the

protection of environment and it makes sure that approved activities are conducted

safely without any harm to the environment. Basically there are four major types of

resource consents which are

Land use consents: Different land uses can affect the quality of water, stability

of land and can even lead to soil erosion.

Water consents: Many water related activities such as constructing a dam or

diverting the path of a river can have adverse effect on the availability of

water as well as the quality of water.

Discharge Consents: Discharge consents are related with the disposal activities

of contaminants into the air, water or to the land.

Coastal Consents: Costal consents try to protect the coastal areas of New

Zealand where construction works take place.

[http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/Consents/Resource-consents/Activities-

requiring-consents/, n.d.]

2.2 PROJECT INFORMATION MEMORANDUM

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and plumbing works, destruction and relocation, modifications made in the existing

buildings and construction of new buildings, installation of HVAC systems, solar

panels, fireplaces etc. [http://www.nelsoncitycouncil.co.nz/what-is-a-building-

consent, n.d.]

2.4PRODUCER STATEMENTS

Building consent authority can check the authenticity of a construction or the

alteration done in a construction which follows the building code with the help of

producer statement. Its a written document given either by the architect, designer or

the builder himself who is very much involved in the project stating that they have

done the works to the required standards. [What Is A Producer Statement? GeoffHardy, October 2010]

2.5 CODE COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES (CCC)

A code compliance certificate, or in other words CCC is only given after a thorough

examination if the Council is reasonably satisfied that the particular construction

complies with the New Zealand Building Code. A CCC keeps record of the building

work and provides information to future buyers or guarantee that the work done is

legal.[Code Compliance Certificate, North Shore City Council, December 2009]

2.6 COMPLIANCE SCHEDULE & BUILDING WARRANT OF FITNESS(BWOF)

A Compliance Schedule is a document regarding the safety systems installed within

the building and is prepared by the Council. It gives information on the inspection

maintenance and reporting of a particular system within a building to ensure that the

owners of the building take up the entire responsibility to guarantee the safety of the

people using the building and the building. The particular system can be either any of

the following,

Automated fire sprinkler system

Automatic doors or windows

Emergency lighting systems

Smoke control systems

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Alternate power sources at times of emergency/ automatic shutdown of power

HVAC systems etc.

A Building Warrant of Fitness (BWOF) is a statement by the building owner which

guarantees that the stated above systems or any other systems which are used for the

safety of the building and the people who uses it, have been maintained in accordance

with the Compliance Schedule. A copy of the BWOF must be submitted before the

Council and public annually.

[http://www.ccc.govt.nz/homeliving/buildingplanning/buildinginspections/buildingw

ofandcompliance.aspx, n.d.]

3. PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS

Procurement system has a vital role in the construction industry and has a wider

meaning in NZ construction industry. It is not just the purchase of goods and services,

but rather it covers the .initial planning, designing, development, construction,

maintenance and finally the overall monitoring of the entire building sector processes.

In the last two or three decades, there have been so many significant changes to the

procurement systems both under technical and economic conditions that are

prevailing in the construction industry today in New Zealand. A wide range of

procurement systems exist in the NZ construction industry ranging from simple

traditional method at one end to D&B, together with new forms of contractual

systems which are continually being improved to match consumer and public

requirements, such as partnering and alliancing.

FIG 1: PROPORTIONS OF PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS IN NZ

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[Effect of Procurement Systems on the Performance of Construction Projects, Rosli

Abdul Rashid, Ismail Mat Taib, Wan Basiron Wan Ahmad, Md. Asrul Nasid, Wan

Nordiana Wan Ali & Zainab Mohd Zainordin, (Department of Quantity Surveying,

University of Technology Malaysia), June 2006 ]

[ Reconstruction Procurement Systems: The 2005 Matata Flood Reconstruction

Experience Kelvin Zuo, Suzanne Wilkinson, Jason Le Masurier, Jetske Van der Zon,

n.d.]

A variety of procurement systems exist within the construction industry today and

new methods are being devised to meet the needs of both the client and the

community (Construction Industry Council, 2009). The systems which are impliedwithin the NZ construction industry are the

Traditional

Design & Build (D&B)

Management and

Private Public Partnership (PPP)

As a result of the introduction of the building act there were many impacts on these

systems which we shall discuss below.

3.1TRADITIONAL PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS

The traditional form of procurement system is the one in which the architect or the

designer has no direct contact with the professional and all the communications are

transferred via the main contractor. There will always be a clash of ideas while the

information is passed and so it makes the traditional system more responsible. In

common, under the traditional scheme, the architect is the project head and represents

the customer to implement the design process and takes the responsibility to ensure

that the project is executed, delivered under right time, cost and quality. Under this

system, the client employs independent professionals who design the entire project

and prepare tenders which are competitive, and are obtained from contractors.

Successful tenderer enter into a deal with the client and carries the project work under

the supervision of the professionals. [Review of traditional construction models and a

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comparison of product Development processes with other industries, Unit 3, Halim,

University of Liverpool, n.d.]

The involvement of design contractors within the traditional system is so high and

even before the tendering processes start, the design will be finalized and so the

building contractors have absolutely little role in the constructability of a particular

design. As a result of the building act, the client should be a good professional and

also has to have a great knowledge about the construction industry. The client has to

ensure that an initial study to be carried out on behalf of the resource consents, PIM or

any other troubles which can have an effect on the delay of the building consent.

Under this Act, the client is loaded with the problems of compliance and other issues.

The design contractor is totally away from the building process. Building process is

just confined to the minimum quality just because the major focus is not on the client

rather its on the cost which results in the performance to the minimum level. After

completing the project successfully, the client has to apply for the CCC and he should

have all the certificates related with the construction like producer statements to avoid

the possible delay of the project.

FIGURE 2: A TRADITIONAL PROCUREMENT SYSTEM





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2. Design & Build Procurement System

D &B system is the one in which a client approaches a D&B contractor and contracts

him for carrying out the entire project starting from the design phase to the

completion of the construction work. When the client approaches the contractor he

might have some ideas within his mind and it is sketched with the help of a design

contractor and he decides whether the project is buildable or not. If not, the design

contractor redesigns it to make it into a workable design. We can gain a lot of time

and cost under this system since the workability and feasibility of the project is

estimated by the designers within the design stage.

Under this Act, there are many things which are not clear at time of signing the

contracts. The contract is contracted even before sending to council for approval. In

such a situation there can be a chance of time delay for the approval, redesigning etc.

So under such a situation its the contractor who must take the entire responsibility of

the risks involved. Issues regarding the consents, LBPs, mandatory warranties and

compliance can be easily tackled by contractor, if the initial research was carefully

done. A better design resolves the majority of the problems. Advantages of a D&B

system are

Single-point responsibility for design and construction

Inherently more buildable projects and proposals submitted

Prices which reflect more closely the ultimate cost to the client

Overlap of design and construction phases leading to early completion

onsite, which in turn saves a lot of money

[http://www.scquantitysurveyors.com/procurement.html, n.d.]

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FIGURE 3: A D & B PROCUREMENT SYSTEM





3.3 MANAGEMENT PROCUREMENT SYSTEM

The management of the design and construction of a project is contracted to a sub-

contractor who acts as a management consultant from the part of the client. The

building work itself is given to various sub-contractors who get the contract approval

either with the management contract or client. The entire responsibility of the design

and construction of the project is in the hand of a project management contractor. Asthere are so many contracts, sub contracts etc. this system is a lot more complex as

compared with the two previous models.

FIGURE 3: A MANAGEMENT PROCUREMENT SYSTEM

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Like the D&B system, the client is not actively involved during the project. The

management contractor supervises the entire activities and the updation of the project.





3.4 Private Public Partnerships (PPP)

Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) can be defined in general as an agreement between

the Government and private sector to deliver specified public services over a long

period such as a decade or two. According to Peter Owles, it is a contractual

agreement formed between public and private sector partners that meets clearly

defined public needs through appropriate allocation of resources, risks and rewards

and which may also involve the use of private sector capital to wholly or partly fund

an asset that would otherwise have been purchased or constructed directly by a

government agency. [http://www.conferenz.co.nz/whitepapers/public-private-

partnerships-and-new-zealand-land-transport-projects, n.d.]

4. IMPACT OF BUILDING ACT ON PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS

By the introduction of the building act there were a lot of issues revolving round the

construction work and processes. The last two decades of NZ construction industry

has undergone a series of changes. It all started when the building act was introduced

in 1991. It led to the greater innovation, better building practices, efficiency and

competitiveness within the building industry which together declined the building

industry training and a greater relaxation of standards too. It resulted in the Leaky

Building crisis. The Government introduced the new act for the improvement of the

building practices and safety of people while it ultimately resulted in the decline of

various reputed organisations brought about by the immense competitions, squeezed

margins and corrupt practices. The Government introduced another act to help the

leaky house owners, contractors, sub-contractors and the building industry as a whole

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which was known as the Weather tight Homes Resolution Services Act. But again

it also became worthless which needed further improvements.

The Building Act 2004 (and the acts which was amended in the following years 2005,

2007, 2008 & 20090 was aimed at lifting the standards in the construction industry

and it was BA04 that introduced the LBP scheme to be competitive in the

construction industry. Building Act 2004 still has to solve two major problems in the

construction industry.

1. Building industry was stuck by the government policies and inefficiency,

which made the Councils very risk-averse, and there was no regularity in

planning.2. Residential projects ended in clashes between the building professionals and

the house owners and it was quite frequent than ever before. Disputes were

extremely expensive and time-consuming to resolve, because not much of the

projects were covered by insurance and not enough of the homeowners and

builders are good at resolving disputes practically. To solve these issues,

amendment acts were brought into action.

On 23 November 2010 a bill was introduced which spells out more clearly about the

duties and responsibilities of the designers, builders, housing owners and Councils.

The building consents were grouped into four depending upon the complexity of the

projects namely low risk, simple residential, standard and commercial. The second

amendment bill issued somewhere in between 2010 after the first one, mainly

focussed on the house owners protection measures. This bill describes about the

mandatory building contracts that shows the home owners rights, necessity of the

builders to show their qualifications and the possibility of whether they offer a third

party warranty, mandatory twelve month defect liability time, and better proceduresfor solving disputes between clients and building practitioners.

It further continues its work on the building consent process to make it much simpler;

and the Legislation too is making efforts from its part to clear the defects within the

Building Code. It also aims at investigating the different procedures on how to

improve efficiency in the construction sector. It is also evaluating whether the rules

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around penalty for defective labour needs a modification. All the above mentioned

activities are improving the construction industry and its different practices. When all

of these activities become completely active, the entire scenario of the construction

industry will be totally different from which we used to see [Where are we up to with

the building law reforms? Geoff HardyJanuary 2011 newsletter]

4.1 ISSUES OF BUILDING CONSENTS

Once the building act was introduced, there were a lot of problems related with the

approvals of the building. The Department of Building and Housing (DBH) is the

organization which decides on how the consent authorities perform their building

control tasks under the 2004 Building Act. As the building act was passed there were

a lot of complaints regarding the BCA. The major problems highlighted was

Consenting Process

About half of the issues were regarding the core building processes mainly receipt,

evaluation, permitting and issuing. Many other issues were related to the timeliness, cost

etc. Majority of the issues which came front show that there is a lot of deficiencies with

the current assessment processes. The specific problems related with the consenting

authority were

The request of additional information along with the consent application which

the applicants consider to be completely as a crap or waste of money, time and

effort.

Allocation of technical staff without prior professional experience to tackle with

the consent application processes.

Assessing compliance against a standard which is definitely much higher than the

one required by the New Zealand Building Code.

Technical Competence & Professionalism

The technical staffs within the building consent authority without prior knowledge,

skills, or experience are assigned to the building consent work. The main concern

about the technical competence of the staff were related to their understanding and

assessment on

Legislative requirements (BA04 and the regulations)

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Accessibility compliance needs

Fire and weather tight compliance requirements

Timeliness

The concern about the time was that the consent processing and approval functions

were taking much time than required. The council were

Not granting consent applications within 20 working days which is abided by act

that it is mandatory

Asking for further detailed information in close proximity to the 20 working day

time limit.

Approval and certification functions

The concerns over the certification was that BCAs were

Allowing public buildings to operate and publically open without code

compliance certification

Providing false advice by informing consent applicants that code compliance will

be issued to them and then changing their stands.

Accepting non-compliant construction works, including disabled entry and

facility provisions of the Building Code.

Communication and customer service

There were a lot of issues on how the council staffs communicate with their clients and

deals with general customer care services. Council members were

Reluctant to get into discussion about issues or problems, or attend phone calls,letters or e-mails

Not customer centric in their attention and are not prepared to be active in

addressing issues of the people that they may raise.

Lacking to coordinate between Council planning and building control

departments

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Overly risk adverse and mainly focussed in their decision making by a fear of

liability

Enforcement and follow-up

BCAs were not noticing unauthorised building work and delivering notices to fix

without relevant detail for Building Code contraventions. Specific concerns were

about

Follow-up of unauthorised building work taking place

Manner of issuing notices without solution (e.g., issuing a notification without

clearly defining the remedies and the reasons)

[Performance improvement lessons from the formal complaints about building consentauthorities, DBH, January 2010]

Despite of the continued attempts, of the council, the developers say that the reform will

only prohibit the growth. As per the survey report conducted by the CTMA World,

overall satisfaction with building consents has dropped to 35.6% in 2008 from 55.9% in

2007. This was a survey inclusive of different professionals including developers,

architects, builders and the house owners. The major complaints the building

professionals have are about the complexity of processes, the cost of consent to

applicants and turnaround time.

[http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/building-industry-says-consent-processes-prohibit-growth-

100094, Jazial Crossley, April 06, 2009]

4.2 ISSUES OF LICENSED BUILDING PRACTICIONERS

Licensed Building Practitioner was the latest innovation brought out by the building

act 2004. This was introduced with an overview that people who want to build a

house or a commercial building can have much confidence in the building

practitioners that they are competent, experienced and they build the house following

the building act and regulations. Licensed Building Practitioner (LBP) scheme is a

competent based policy. People who have good track record in the building sector can

show their skills and knowledge publically and they are officially recognised. LBP

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has paved the way towards a competitive construction industry where the

organisations need to improve their design and build strategies in order to survive.

[http://www.dbh.govt.nz/lbp, n.d.]

According to Building and Construction Minister Shane Jones,"The licensing scheme

requires practitioners to show they have the skills and experience to do the job

properly. It also gives good builders, who are not paper-qualified, a real opportunity

to be recognised for the great work they do. Industry has been hugely supportive in

creating this licensing scheme, and now for the first time, individuals have the chance

to demonstrate their competence, and to apply for a nationally-recognised mark of

quality." [http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/licensed-building-practitioner-scheme-good-start, Shane Jones, January 3 2008]

There are several advantages for the LBP which are

It makes designers and workers to maintain and improve their skills and

knowledge through better training and expert development.

It makes the profession accountable

LBPs can certify their own job and the work of others thus reducing the

processing time

[http://www.beehive.govt.nz/speech/announcement-building-act-review-and-

licensed-building-practitioner-scheme, Maurice Williamson, 27 August2009]

LBP gives more freedom to the consumer and the rights of the building practitioner

get reduced. LBP brings credibility back to the construction and building sector.

Building professionals who wish to become the head of a project will have to become

much more cautious about the contracting practices that they make, management

systems within their organisation, and finally about knowledge of the Building Code.

Builders who are self-employed will have a lot of pressure on their head to merge

their works with larger building firms. [Where are we up to with the building law

reforms? Geoff HardyJanuary 2011 newsletter]

4.3 MANDATORY WARRANTIES

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A warranty under construction context implies that the one who constructs the home,

the builder, guarantees the home owner that the construction will be completed in

accordance with the building contract and that the house will be free from all kinds of

defects. Builders warranty eases the tension of the home owners and investors that

they do not need to suffer, in case that the builder experiences financial or any other

difficulties which could have a bad effect on the home owner, or in the case that the

constructed home is defective. So in other words it is a guarantee to satisfy the

customer that whatever happens for the building, the builder should bear the

responsibilities. [http://www.bonded.co.nz/builders_warranty.html, n.d.]

Third party insurance for the house owners which covers the losses including incompleteor defective construction will be the base in every case and so there will be very less

projects which can be settled with formal discussions and there will be clashes between

the building personnel and the house owners and the builder will be controlled by the

board of the Building Practitioners. It ultimately results in the increment of risk and

money within the construction sector.

5. PRESEENT ECONOMIC SITUATION NZ

Economy of NZ has always been relying on natural resources. Although there was an

increase for the national GDP, the economic growth is slowing down. The boost in

GDP reflects the high consumption rate, investment levels and trade activities. The

building and construction industry contributes a major part to the NZ economy.

Construction industry has been showing steady rise recently until inflation where it

contracted gradually. Residential building activities have increased recently, while the

number of consents issued also got increased. Under the construction industry, the

salary of the workforce increased, which reflects in the shortage of skilled workers

under building sector. Material costs have also increased significantly.

The number and value of Non-residential building consents started trending upwards,

and this trend continues even today despite a recent decline as a result of the

Christchurch quakes. Government spends a lot of amount for new hospitals and

prisons together with the demand of the public for more commercial buildings.

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Recently so, a lot of big infrastructure projects, like roads and bridges, which are the

pillars of development, are being done that keeps the non- residential building

activities much higher in the future. [http://www.dbh.govt.nz/soi0710-partc2, n.d.]

6. CONCLUSION

Building consents play a vital role in assuring health and safety and that is why

Government is so particular about every aspect of the building sector. What needed is

still not accomplished, i.e., this was not what the Government was aiming at. There

must be amendments again in order to make sure that the building processes are done

following the act while the project is done in time, cost and quality. For this we must

make sure that all the members within the building control learn and understand what

building act is and its technical application. They must provide clear and

understandable data for the customer. Productivity of NZ economy has been declining

for the past two decades and also the education level of the work force is much below

than average. Another problem is related with the bid. Always in NZ economy, the

lowest price tender gets the contract which means the quality of building will be low.

Having done with that, we can further look into the green building techniques. NZ is a

country where the renewable resources are used very low. The implementation of

green technologies can alleviate the present crisis to some extent.

5. REFERENCES

Department of Housing and Building (DBH). Retrieved 01/08/2011 from

http://www.dbh.govt.nz/

Department of Housing and Building (DBH). Retrieved 01/08/2011 fromhttp://www.dbh.govt.nz/blc-building-act

Department of Housing and Building (DBH). Retrieved 01/08/2011 fromhttp://www.dbh.govt.nz/ba-about-the-building-act

Waikato Regional Council. Retrieved 29/07/2011 from

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http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/Consents/Resource-consents/Activities-requiring-consents/

Nelson City Council. Retrieved 03/08/2011 from

http://www.nelsoncitycouncil.co.nz/what-is-a-building-consent/

Property Institute, Data taken on 01/08/2011 fromhttp://www.propertyelearning.co.nz/mod/resource/view.php?id=264

Department of Housing and Building (DBH), Retrieved on 29/07/2011 fromhttp://www.dbh.govt.nz/pim-guidance

Department of Housing and Building (DBH), Retrieved on 09/08/2011 fromhttp://www.dbh.govt.nz/blc-building-consentinspect-process

What Is A Producer Statement? Geoff Hardy, October 2010. Data taken on09/08/2011 from

http://www.madisonhardy.com/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=%2BVl997MXedA%3D&tabid=101&mid=510&language=en-GB

Code Compliance Certificate, North Shore City Council, December 2009, Retrievedon 12/08/2011 from,http://www.northshorecity.govt.nz/Services/ConsentsAndCompliance/BuildingConsents/Documents/CodeComplianceCertificate-information.pdf

Christchurch City Council, Data taken on 13/08/2011 from

http://www.ccc.govt.nz/homeliving/buildingplanning/buildinginspections/buildingwofandcompliance.aspx

Department of Housing and Building (DBH), Retrieved on 09/08/2011 fromhttp://www.dbh.govt.nz/bofficials-bca

Department of Housing and Building (DBH), Retrieved on 10/08/2011 fromhttp://www.dbh.govt.nz/lbp

Bonded NZ Surety Brokers, Data taken on 12/08/2011 fromhttp://www.bonded.co.nz/builders_warranty.html

Review of traditional construction models and a comparison of product DevelopmentProcesses with other industries, Unit 3, Halim, University of Liverpool. Data taken

on13/08/2011 from

http://www.liv.ac.uk/~halim/SECTION1UNIT3.pdf

Effect of Procurement Systems on the Performance of Construction Projects.Rosli Abdul Rashid, Ismail Mat Taib, Wan Basiron Wan Ahmad, Md. Asrul Nasid,

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Wan Nordiana Wan Ali & Zainab Mohd Zainordin. June 2006 Retrieved on12/08/2011 from

http://eprints.utm.my/790/1/Procurement_performanceRosli.pdf

Seamus Culley (SC) Quantity Surveyors, Data taken on 15/08/2011 from,http://www.scquantitysurveyors.com/procurement.html

Public Private Partnerships and New Zealand Land Transport Projects, Peter Owles,Data taken on 16/08/2011 from

http://www.conferenz.co.nz/whitepapers/public-private-partnerships-and-new-zealand-land-transport-projects

Department of Housing and Building (DBH), Retrieved on 14/08/2011 fromhttp://www.dbh.govt.nz/UserFiles/File/Building/information%20for/Performance-improvement-lessons-from-formal-complaints-about-

BCAs.pdf

Department of Housing and Building (DBH), Retrieved on 12/08/2011 fromhttp://www.dbh.govt.nz/ris-lbp-streamlining#problems

Announcement on Building Act Review and Licensed Building Practitioner scheme,Maurice Williamson, 27thAugust 2009 . Data taken on 19/08/2011 from

http://www.beehive.govt.nz/speech/announcement-building-act-review-and-licensed-building-practitioner-scheme

Performance improvement lessons from the formal complaints about building consentAuthorities, DBH, January 20102, taken on 19/08/2011 from

http://www.dbh.govt.nz/UserFiles/File/Building/information%20for/Performance-improvement-lessons-from-formal-complaints-about-BCAs.pdf

The National Business Review, Jazial Crossley, April 06, 2009 and taken on12/08/2011 from

http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/building-industry-says-consent-processes-prohibit-growth-100094

Reconstruction Procurement Systems: The 2005 Matata Flood ReconstructionExperience, Kelvin Zuo, Suzanne Wilkinson, Jason Le Masurier, Jetske Van der Zoutaken on 17/08/2011 from

www.grif.umontreal.ca/pages/ZUO_Kelvin.pdf

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