management of disaster victim

8/14/2019 Management of Disaster Victim

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Management of DisasterManagement of Disaster

VictimsVictimsG Charles DanieG Charles Danie

American Heart AssociationAmerican Heart Association

Basic Life Support (BLS)Basic Life Support (BLS)&&

Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)

InstructorInstructor


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Management of VictimsManagement of Victims

Principles of First AidPrinciples of First Aid

Scene SafetyScene Safety

First aid kits & bandagesFirst aid kits & bandages Wounds & bleedingWounds & bleeding

Lifting techniques & transportationLifting techniques & transportation

Head injuries & Spinal injuriesHead injuries & Spinal injuries

Log rollLog roll


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Principles of First AidPrinciples of First Aid

PPreserve life - This includes the life ofreserve life - This includes the life ofthe casualty, bystander and rescuer.the casualty, bystander and rescuer. PProtect the casualty from further harm -rotect the casualty from further harm -

Ensure the scene is safe.Ensure the scene is safe.

PProvide pain relief - This could includerovide pain relief - This could includethe use of ice packs or simply applying athe use of ice packs or simply applying asling.sling.

PPrevent the injury or illness fromrevent the injury or illness frombecoming worse - Ensure that thebecoming worse - Ensure that thetreatment you provide does not make thetreatment you provide does not make thecondition worse.condition worse.

PProvide reassurancerovide reassurance


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Scene SafetyScene Safety

Awareness of DangerAwareness of Danger

Environmental dangerEnvironmental danger

Human dangerHuman danger

- as you approach a scene, be aware of theas you approach a scene, be aware of thedangersdangers

which might be posed to you or the victim.which might be posed to you or the victim.

- such as traffic, gas or chemical leaks, live- such as traffic, gas or chemical leaks, live

electrical items, building on fire or falling objects.electrical items, building on fire or falling objects.- human factors such as bystanders in the way,- human factors such as bystanders in the way,

victims not being co-operatives, or aggressor invictims not being co-operatives, or aggressor in

the vicinity.the vicinity.


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Issues in Providing CareIssues in Providing

Care

As most first aid treatment involve touching theAs most first aid treatment involve touching thevictim,victim,it is important that the first aider gains theirit is important that the first aider gains their

permission.permission.During conversation, identify the following points :-During conversation, identify the following points :-

(patient is conscious)(patient is conscious) Who you areWho you are Why you are with themWhy you are with them What you are going to doWhat you are going to do

However assume victim gives their consent in followingHowever assume victim gives their consent in followingcases :-cases :-

Is unconscious.Is unconscious. Has a very reduced level of consciousness.Has a very reduced level of consciousness.


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-- first aiders are never required to placefirst aiders are never required to place

themselvesthemselvesin a situation which might put them in danger.in a situation which might put them in danger.

Keep yourself protected first priority.Keep yourself protected first priority.

be aware of your surrounding and changing situation.be aware of your surrounding and changing situation.

other key dangers bodily fluids e.g.. blood, vomit,other key dangers bodily fluids e.g.. blood, vomit,urine and feces.urine and feces.

remember body fluids can carry infections andremember body fluids can carry infections and

diseases.diseases.


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ResponseResponse

Check the ResponseCheck the Response Tap and Shout Are You OKTap and Shout Are You OK


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HelpHelp

Call someone for helpCall someone for help

Local Emergency NumberLocal Emergency Number 108108

Tell them to get First Aid Kit and AEDTell them to get First Aid Kit and AED

Patient Conscious or UnconsciousPatient Conscious or Unconscious


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First Aid Kit andFirst Aid Kit andBandagesBandages

BandagesBandages 2-inch roller bandage2-inch roller bandage 1-inch roller bandage1-inch roller bandage 1-inch adhesive1-inch adhesive 3-by-3-inch sterile3-by-3-inch sterile

padspads Triangular bandageTriangular bandage Assorted gauze padsAssorted gauze pads Adhesive stripsAdhesive strips

Important ToolsImportant Tools Clinical oralClinical oral

thermometerthermometer ScissorsScissors

TweezersTweezers Sunburn lotionSunburn lotion Small flashlight (withSmall flashlight (with

extra batteries andextra batteries and

bulb)bulb) Safety pinsSafety pins NeedlesNeedles Paper cupsPaper cups


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First Aid Kit andFirst Aid Kit andBandagesBandages

SalineSaline

SoapSoapAntiseptic wipes or sprayAntiseptic wipes or spray

Alcohol rubAlcohol rub

ThermometerThermometerAntiseptic ointmentAntiseptic ointment

Tincture of benzoinTincture of benzoin

MasksMasks

GlovesGlovesGownsGowns

GogglesGoggles

Plastic tweezersPlastic tweezers


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BandagesBandages


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BandagesBandages


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Wounds & BleedingWounds & Bleeding


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WoundsWounds

Any break in soft tissue of the body thatAny break in soft tissue of the body thatresults in Bleeding.results in Bleeding.

TYPES:TYPES: OpenOpen WoundsWounds CloseClose WoundsWounds


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Open & Close WoundsOpen & Close Wounds

Open WoundOpen Wound

Break in the outer layer or skin, resultsBreak in the outer layer or skin, resultsin bleeding & allow Microorganismsin bleeding & allow Microorganisms(germs) to enter the body.(germs) to enter the body.

Close WoundClose Wound

No break in the outer layer of skin.No break in the outer layer of skin.


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AmputationAmputation

Loss of a finger, hand, arm, orLoss of a finger, hand, arm, orleg can be extremely dangerous.leg can be extremely dangerous.But, if you act quickly, you mayBut, if you act quickly, you maybe able to save the victims life.be able to save the victims life.

When part of the body has beenWhen part of the body has beentorn off, treat the victim:torn off, treat the victim:

Administer first aid:Control bleeding, watch for signs of shock, and treat for shockas necessary.

Protect Body Part: Try to find out the severed part of the body. If found, save the tissue parts, wrap it in a plastic bag. Put the plastic bag on ice, but dont freeze. Take the part with victim to the Hospital. Mention name of victim and time of incident on plastic

bag.


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Bleeding (Hemorrhage)Bleeding (Hemorrhage)

Escape of blood fromEscape of blood from

an injured vessels.an injured vessels.

Severe bleeding is calledSevere bleeding is called

HEMORRHAGE.HEMORRHAGE.


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Control of BleedingControl of Bleeding

Apply direct pressureApply direct pressure to theto the

woundwound (at this time a direct(at this time a direct

pressure bandage may be used)pressure bandage may be used)

ElevateElevate (do not further harm)(do not further harm)

Pressure PointPressure Point additional pressureadditional pressure

may be applied to a pressure pointmay be applied to a pressure point

to help reduce bleeding.to help reduce bleeding.


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How to stop a bleedHow to stop a bleed

This is one of the most effective ways of stopping severe bleeding in almostThis is one of the most effective ways of stopping severe bleeding in almostany part of the body.any part of the body.

Place the palm or fingers over the bleeding point and apply direct pressure.Place the palm or fingers over the bleeding point and apply direct pressure.

The bleeding will usually stop after a while.The bleeding will usually stop after a while.

Do not use the method if there is a foreign body in the wound or if aDo not use the method if there is a foreign body in the wound or if afracture is suspected.fracture is suspected.

With this method, there is also a slight risk of introducing germs into theWith this method, there is also a slight risk of introducing germs into thewound. To prevent this, place a clean piece of material like lint or gauze overwound. To prevent this, place a clean piece of material like lint or gauze overthe wound before applying pressure.the wound before applying pressure.

Place the palm or fingers

over the bleeding point and

apply direct pressure.


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CareCare

Wash HandsWash Hands

Flush the wound under running waterFlush the wound under running water

Clean / sterile dressingClean / sterile dressing

Apply & maintain pressureApply & maintain pressure

PositionPosition

Elevate the affected limbElevate the affected limb Dont disturb the wound clotDont disturb the wound clot


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Care (Contd)Care (Contd)

Expose woundExpose wound

Remove foreign body, if visibleRemove foreign body, if visible

Bandage the woundBandage the wound

Check circulation below injuryCheck circulation below injury

Do not apply indirect pressure for more thanDo not apply indirect pressure for more than

15 minutes15 minutes


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Lifting and MovingLifting and MovingPatientsPatients


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Body MechanicsBody Mechanics

Safety PrecautionsSafety Precautions Using specificUsing specific

methods to lift largemethods to lift largeweights without injuryweights without injury

Safety PrecautionsSafety Precautions Use legs, not back toUse legs, not back to

liftliftLargest bone/muscleLargest bone/musclegroupgroup

Keep weight close toKeep weight close to

bodybodyShifts center ofShifts center ofgravity to patientgravity to patientMore leverageMore leverage


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Power LiftPower Lift Power GripPower Grip


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TechniquesTechniques


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TechniquesTechniques

LOG ROLL


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StretchersStretchers


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