management of pcbs in building materials, paints and other ...e2s2.ndia.org/schedule/documents/2012...
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Management of PCBs in Building
Materials, Paints and Other Media
Tom Krug, Hester Groenevelt, Suzanne O’Hara (Geosyntec)
Nancy Ruiz (Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center) Jackie Quinn (NASA)
Cherie Geiger, Christian Clausen (University of Central Florida)
Environment, Energy Security
and Sustainability Conference New Orleans, 23-May-2012
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•Major Sources of PCBs
• Issue of PCBs in Building Materials
•Management Options
• Treatment Technology for PCBs
Outline
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• Prior to 1979, PCBs were used extensively in:
• Caulking material, industrial paints and coatings
• Electrical transformers and capacitors
• Hydraulic systems
PCBs in Paint, Caulk &
Other Building Materials
• PCBs enhanced
structural integrity
(plasticizer), reduced
flammability and boosted
antifungal properties
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• Electrical transformers and light ballasts
• Caulking outside buildings and in paved areas
• Caulking inside buildings
• Paint containing PCBs on buildings and structures
• Paint containing PCBs on equipment
• PCBs in material (concrete, brick) from contact with
caulk, paint or spills of PCBs
Sources of PCBs
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• Masonry buildings and concrete
structures constructed between
the 1940s and late 1970s
• Used in concrete expansion
joints (buildings & paved areas)
• Caulk may contain up to 20%
PCBs
• PCBs also migrate into
materials in contact (e.g.,
concrete & brick)
PCBs in Caulking
Material
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• Some industrial and other
paints used before the late
1970s contained high levels
of PCBs (up to 3% PCB)
• Found on industrial buildings
and equipment and schools
PCBs in Paints
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What are the issues?
• Impacts to storm water and/or soil
• Possible impacts to indoor air quality or other direct
contact human exposure
• Exposure or release during renovation or demolition
• High costs for disposal from renovation or demolition
• Regulatory issues with PCB use
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PCBs in Caulking in Expansion Joints
Garson, McCormack, Sugino and Molinari, 2004. Airport Flightline Expansion Joints – Unexpected Source of PCB Contamination. Fourth International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey CA, May 2004.
1,000 acre aircraft manufacturing facility
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PCBs (up to 160,000 ppm) in expansion joint caulking material installed in 1968 identified as primary source of PCBs in storm water
Residual PCBs also contaminated caulking material installed after 1968 to replace older caulk as part of regular maintenance
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Caulking material removed from 40 miles of expansion joints between 2001 and 2003
Cutting tool to remove caulking and concrete
Cleaning with pressure washer
Vacuum capture of slurry and treatment
Inspection
Final cleaning
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PCBs In Schools
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Potential Exposures to
PCBs In Schools
• Indoor air (dust or vapor)
• Direct or hand to mouth contact (friable caulking, paint chips, dust)
• Key sources: light ballasts, caulking
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Sampling for PCBs In
Schools
• Indoor air
• Surface wipe (desks, floor, walls, inside ducts and suspended ceilings)
• Caulk (interior, exterior door/window, exterior joints)
• Floor tile, paint, ceiling tile, light ballasts
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Mitigation for PCBs In Schools
• Removal of dust from air ducts and surfaces
• Removal of light ballasts containing PCBs
• Removal of caulking or paint containing PCBs
• Sealing, removing or treating surfaces impacted by caulking or paints
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PCBs at MIT Residence
Building
• PCB concentrations in building materials
• Caulking ~200,000 ppm
• Brick ~ 400 ppm
• Concrete ~ 2,300 ppm
VanSchalkwyk, W., Lessons Learned Remediating Buildings
Impacted with PCB Contaminated Materials, Environmental
Business Council New England Seminar, December 2010.
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Mitigation Measures Taken at
MIT
• Caulking removal
• Removal of brick or stone
• Chemical washing
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Current EPA Guidance
Caulking containing PCBs at levels > 50 ppm is not authorized for use
under PCB regulations and must be removed
Associated material (e.g., concrete) considered a “remediation waste” and
current regulations suggest it must be removed if contains PCBs at levels >
2 ppm
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Proposed EPA Reinterpretation
Associated material (e.g.,
concrete) may be
considered a “bulk
product waste” ,
requiring a <50 ppm
PCB concentration
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Reality Is: • Unclear what regulations require people to test for
PCBs unless renovations are being conducted or
there are other impacts
• Actions have been initiated because of:
• impacts to indoor air
• impacts to storm water from caulk in concrete
outside
• impacts to water in reservoirs
• demolition / renovation
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Management Approaches for
Caulking and Paint in Buildings
• Physical removal of caulk or paint
• Scarification of concrete, removal of brick or stone
formerly in contact with PCB containing material
• Sealants to isolate PCB
• Treatment of paint without removal
• Treatment of associated concrete, brick and stone
with PCBs without removal
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• Zero-valent metal (magnesium) (ZVMg) has strong reducing
capabilities and can destroy PCBs
Treatment Technology Innovation
• Solvent paste can extract PCBs from
surfaces
• Solvent paste with ZVMg can extract PCBs
and degrade PCBs in the paste
• AMTS – Activated Metal Treatment System
• Mg metal (ZVMg) in acidified ethanol
• Developed by NASA and UCF
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Reactive Magnesium
Particles
Non-chlorinated
byproducts Solvent Paste
PCBs Material Containing
PCBs
Extraction and Treatment (on surface)
One Step Treatment Process
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Reactive Magnesium
Particles
Non-chlorinated
byproducts
PCBs
Step 1 – Extraction (on surface)
Step 2 – PCB Treatment (separate container)
Two Step Treatment Process
Solvent Paste
PCBs Material Containing
PCBs
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• US Department of Defense, Environmental Security
Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)
• ESTCP-funded project (SI-0610) to demonstrate the
efficacy of a Bimetallic Treatment System (BTS)
technology to extract and treat PCBs from building
materials (paint, caulk, concrete)
ESTCP BTS Demonstration Project
• Project Team: US Navy, NASA, UCF &
Geosyntec
• AMTS developed during this project
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Field Demonstration 1
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Application of Paste
Hand Application
(non-active paste) Spray Application
(active paste)
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Field Demonstration 2
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56 samples were analyzed for PCBs including painted
concrete, wood and metal
PCB concentrations from paint samples taken from
structures range from 30 to 55,000 mg/kg
Painted Surfaces
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Concentrations in paint after 1, 2 and 3 weeks exposure to BTS on concrete bunker
Removal of PCBs from
Paint on Concrete Bunkers
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
PC
B C
on
cen
trati
on
(m
g/k
g)
Weeks Exposure
PCB Concentration Paint Staging Area Presses
MgPd-VP #4
MgPd-VP #12
MgPd-VP #14
MgPd-VP #15
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Removal of PCBs from
Painted Metal Equipment
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• PCB concentrations in paint on the metals in building 6657-02 were ~10,000 to 53,000 mg/kg
• Post treatment concentration in paint 6,600 to 20,000 mg/kg
• BTS successful at extracting PCBs but need multiple applications of BTS to treat such high starting concentrations in multiple layers of paint
Nitrating Facility
Painted Metal Tanks
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• Activated Mg added to paste after removed from painted structures
Destruction of PCBs in
Treatment Paste
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• Demonstrated removal of PCBs from painted surfaces
• High concentrations may require multiple applications of paste
• Can successfully remove PCBs with non-active paste and treat later by adding acidified ZVMg
Conclusions from ESTCP Demonstration
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Treatment of Concrete Building Material:
Apartment Building Case Study
Building site in Denmark
Application of AMTS to concrete impacted by caulking that contained ~100,000 mg/kg of PCBs
Depth discrete sampling on 1 cm intervals before and after treatment
Analysis of 7 PCB congeners
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PCBs in Concrete
Before and After Treatment
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• Demonstrated removal of PCBs from concrete impacted by caulking
• Simple process to implement
• No significant damage or alteration of concrete surface
• No risk of generating dust or exposures to PCBs during treatment
Conclusions from Denmark
Apartment Building Case Study
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Further Work
Clarifying regulatory drivers to address PCB in existing buildings
Continue to refine optimal approaches for different surfaces and materials
Continued development of AMTS activated paste or emulsion for use in ex situ treatment of soils and sediment
Application of AMTS to other compounds (chlorinated pesticides)
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Questions?
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Additional Slides
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Related Environmental Issues
Sampling indoor air for PCBs
Storm water management related to PCBs
Management / disposal of impacted material
Treatment of soil and sediments impacted by PCBs
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Fourth International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterrey CA., May 2004.
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