management plan - wwf pakistan · 10 management plan taunsa barrage wildlife sanctuary 11 executive...

Management PlanTaunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary

2014 – 2020

CONTRIBUTORSContributers (in alphabetical order)

Design: Hassan ZakiPhoto Credits: WWF-Pakistan

Management Plan

Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary(2014 – 2020)

The management plan for Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary for the period 2014-2020 has been approved as under

Prepared by: Shahid Rasheed Awan Dr. Masood Arshad Deputy Secretary (Planning) Senior Manger Punjab Forest, Wildlife and WWF-Pakistan Fisheries Department Lahore Lahore

Recommended by: Nayyar Iqbal Dr. Muhammad Ayub Director General Director General Punjab Wildlife and Parks Punjab Fisheries Department Department Lahore Lahore

Hafiz Shoukat Ali Mahr Muhammad Riaz Akhtar DistrictCoordinationOfficer ExecutiveEngineer DistrictMuzaffargarh PunjabIrrigationDepartment Muzaffargarh TaunsaBarrage DistrictMuzaffargarh

Approved by: Capt. (R) Sher Alam Mahsud Secretary Government of Punjab Forests, Wildlife and Fisheries Department Lahore

Certificate

6 Management Plan 7Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary

3.14 EthnicProfile

4. KEYFEATURESANDOPPORTUNITIES 4.1 Key features 4.1.1 CentralIndusWetlandsComplex 4.1.2 IndusRiverDolphin 4.1.3 Hog deer 4.1.4 Ramsar site 4.2 Opportunities 4.2.1 Presence of land and water 4.2.2 Location of Core Area 4.2.3 Migratory Route 4.2.4 Prospective site for Siberian Crane 4.2.5 Potential of habitat restoration 4.2.6 Potential of reintroduction of wildlife 4.2.7 Land ownership 4.2.8 Studies and survey by WWF-Pakistan 4.2.9 Potential of eco-tourism

5. SITUATIONANALYSIS 5.1 Status of protected area since establishment 5.2 Past land use 5.3 Present land use 5.3.1 Landclassification 5.3.2 Core area 5.3.3 Easternpondarea 5.3.4 Western pond area 5.4 Past system of management and interventions 5.5 LocalcommunitiesandCBO’s 5.6 FloodsatTaunsaBarrage 5.6.1 Floodplains 5.6.2 Climate Change and disaster risks 5.7 Role of Government Departments 5.7.1 PunjabIrrigationDepartment 5.7.2 Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department 5.7.3 Punjab Fisheries Department 5.8 Socio-economic assessment

6. ISSUESANDTHREATS 6.1 Issuesandthreats 6.1.1 Cultivation 6.1.2 Human resource and its skills for law enforcement 6.1.3 Redefiningtheareaandboundaryof TBWS 6.1.4 Fuelwood collection 6.1.5 Responsibilities of Government Departments 6.1.6 Grazing 6.1.7 Illegalhunting/Trapping 6.1.8 Nontimberforestproduce 6.1.9 Introductionof exoticspecies 6.1.10 Illegalfishing 6.1.11 Fishing contract

36

37373738383839393939404041414243

444444454545464647484949495050505152

53535353535454545454555555

Contents

ExecutiveSummary Acknowledgment List of Acronyms and Abbreviation Listof TablesandBoxes Listof Annexure List of Maps Process of Development of Management Plan

1. PROTECTEDAREASINPUNJAB 1.1 Protected Area 1.2 IUCNProtectedAreaCategories 1.3 Protected Areas of Pakistan 1.3.1 Game reserves 1.3.2 NationalParks 1.3.3 Wildlife Sanctuaries 1.3.4 Community Conservation Area 1.4 Status of Protected Areas in Punjab 1.5 Management gaps 1.6 Why to have a Management Plan?

2. LEGALANDSTATUTORYREQUIREMENT 2.1 Ramsar Convention 2.2 ConventiononBiologicalDiversity 2.3 Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species 2.4 DraftNationalWetlandPolicy 2.5 NationalPolicyof ClimateChange

3. DESCRIPTIONOFAREA 3.1 Historical background of the area 3.2 TaunsaBarrage 3.3 Location and area 3.4 Establishmentof TBWS 3.5 Access 3.6 Land use 3.7 Climate 3.8 Topography 3.9 Hydrology 3.10 Water quality 3.11 Soils 3.12 Flora 3.13 Fauna

11131415161617

2020202122222223232425

272727282828

3030313232333333343434353535


7. OBJECTIVESOFTHEMANAGEMENTPLAN 7.1 Vision 7.2 Guidelines for the Management Plan 7.3 General objectives 7.4 Specificobjectives 7.5 Duration of the management plan 7.6 Monitoring&Evaluation 7.7 Revision of the management plan

8. MANAGEMENTPLAN 8.1 Policy issues 8.1.1 ImplementationPlan 8.2 Institutionaldevelopment 8.2.1 ImplementationPlan 8.3 Infrastructuraldevelopment 8.3.1 ImplementationPlan 8.4 Habitat management 8.4.1 ImplementationPlan 8.5 Wildlife management 8.5.1 ImplementationPlan 8.6 Fisheries Management 8.6.1 ImplementationPlan 8.7 Social mobilization 8.7.1 ImplementationPlan 8.8 Public awareness and education 8.8.1 ImplementationPlan 8.9 Tourism and recreation 8.9.1 ImplementationPlan 8.10 Research and data base management 8.10.1 ImplementationPlan 9. FINANCIALPLAN

9. ANNEXES

10. MAPS

5656565657585858

616263646767696971717374757678787980818183

84

86

--

“If there is no general Management plan, preservation,development and use activities in a park will occur

in a haphazard basis, often in response to political pressures with little consideration as to the implications for the future. The result is likely to be lost opportunities and irreversible damage to park

resources and values (Young and Young 1993)”

(Handmade drawing of fisherman at Indus river prepared in 1876)


Executive Summary

Anareaisdeclaredprotectedinviewof certainsite-specificconditionsjeopardizingthenaturalexistenceof overalllocalecosystemingeneralandthreateningsituationforfloraorfaunainparticular,asaresultof variousanthropogenicandclimaticreasons.TaunsaBarrageisalsooneof thenotifiedprotectedareasdeclaredunderthePunjabWildlifeActbythe Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department. Like all other protected areas notifiedbytheDepartment,littleandnon-sustainableinterventionsweremade towards adopting remedial measures for mitigating the negative impacts on the areas. Perhaps the basic reason is the absence of any comprehensive long-term strategy addressing the issues by taking account of allsocial,economic,environmentalandmanagementissues.Inthepast,fewandisolatedeffortsweremadeandthattoowithouttakingallthe stakeholders on board to achieve desired goals of management of the protected areas.

The current Management Plan has been developed through a series of interactive meetings with all primary and secondary stakeholders along withfieldvisitsandreviewof availableliterature.Inbroaderterms,theManagementPlancanbeclassifiedintotwoparts.Thefirstpartcomprisesof chapters1to6explainingthecurrentsituationanalysisincludingthreats and opportunities in the area, while the second part covers chapter 7and8whichdefinestheobjectivesof theManagementPlanandtherecommended prescription with reference to multiple issues to be addressed in the Plan.

TaunsaBarrageembodiesalargewaterreservoirandseriesof pondsand lakes between embankments. The core land area provides a typical ecosystem of riverine forest, which is the habitat of threatened species like Hogdeer.Thewetlandisimportantduetolargevarietyof fish,reptiles,birdsandmammalsandespeciallyduetothepresenceof IndusRiverDolphin.TaunsaBarrage,likefewotherprotectedareaslocatedalongriverIndusconstitutingCentralIndusWetlandComplex(CIWC),wasnotifiedasWildlifeSanctuaryon15thJune,1978overanareaof 6,569hectaresunderthePunjabWildlifeAct.Justlikeanyotherprotectedarea,theTaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary(TBWS)isnoexceptionregardingconflictinginterestsinthearea.Themultiplelandusebecomesmorecomplexinsuchareaswherethereexistterrestrialaswellasaquaticecosystems.Thelandscapeprovidesdifferentopportunitiesintermsof habitattowildlifebutatthesame,thenon-sustainableuseof existingnaturalresourcesposethreats to overall ecosystem of the area.

The instant Management Plan has been developed through series of interactive meetings with all direct and indirect stakeholders

The core land area provides a typical ecosystem of riverine forest which is the habitat of threatened species like the Hog Deer.


Over fishing is commonly practiced in the area and the fishermen catch fish even during the breeding season

TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryiscurrentlyconfrontedwithmultipleissues. Limited cultivation is practiced inside the Sanctuary area by the communitiesresidinginthesurroundingareasbyclearingoffthenaturalvegetation. This is altering the natural ecosystem, degrading wildlife habitat, leading to the invasion of alien species and causing many more adverseenvironmentalimpacts.FuelwoodextractionfromtheWildlifeSanctuary by the surrounding communities is also a continuous problem as theareaisdeficientinalternatesourcesof fuelandfreefuelwoodisreadilyavailableatTBWS.Mostof thepeoplelivingintheneighbouringvillagesownsheep,goats,cows,andbuffaloes.TheygenerallygrazetheirlivestockinsidetheSanctuaryandalongthebanksof RiverIndus,canalsandspurs.Consequently, there is a heavy pressure of grazing and fuelwood cutting in theSanctuary.Besidestimberandfuelwoodconsumption,thevegetationfromTaunsaBarrageisusedtomakebaskets,huts,brooms,housewalls,mats, ropes and twines, sticks of hand fans, thatching material, animal fodderandasvegetable.Overfishingiscommonlypracticedintheareaandthefishermencatchfishevenduringthebreedingseason.Thisisduetotheinadequate capacity of the respective departments to promote sustainable fisheriesmanagement.

InpursuittointroduceasustainablemanagementsystemintheSanctuaryarea, the current Management Plan has been prepared for a period of 72 months(July2014–June2020.Theoverallprescriptionsrecommendedin the Plan have been categorized against various issues including policy, institutional, infrastructural, habitat management, wildlife management, fisheriesmanagement,socialmobilization,publicawarenessandeducation,tourismandrecreation,databasemanagementandfloodplainmanagement.Basically,theprescriptionsconvergetothreebroaderaspects:conservationand improvement of habitat, management of fauna and raising awareness. Theimplementationplan,againstidentifiedissues,focusestowardsparticipatory approach and improvement in protection regime in the area witheffectiveenforcementof law.

Acknowledgment

The Authors would like to acknowledge the inputs of representatives of various organizations, government departments, local communities and non-government organizations during the preparation of the Management Plan. The role of WWF-Pakistan is greatly acknowledged for providing access to various baseline studies and surveys conducted earlier in the area, whichwerehelpfulinunderstandingtheprevailingsituation.Likewise,theofficialsof WWF-PakistanatLahoreandTaunsaBarragealsoassistedduringthefieldvisitsof theareaandprovidedvaluablecontributionintheshapeof technicalknowledgebasedontheirexperiencein respective disciplines.

TheAuthorsalsoacknowledgethecontributionof DivisionalForestOfficer,Muzaffargarh,DeputyDirectorWildlife,Muzaffargarh,DistrictWildlifeOfficerMuzaffargarh,ExecutiveEngineerandSub-DivisionalOfficer,PunjabIrrigationDepartment,DistrictOfficerandAssistantDirectorFisheries,PunjabFisheriesDepartmentandDistrictCoordinationOfficer,Muzaffargarhwhonotonlyshowedkeeninterestinthedevelopmentof ManagementPlan, but also ensured desired level of coordination of government departments during the implementation phase of the Plan.

Special thanks to Dr. Ghulam Akbar, WWF-Pakistan and other senior colleagues, for the overallsupportandencouragement.Dr.Akbar’scontinuousguidanceenabledtheAuthorstodevelopthisdocumentforfuturemanagementof TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary,whichwasmadepossiblethroughthefinancialassistanceof DFIDfundedprojecton“ImprovingLivelihoodsof FisherCommunitiesof CentralIndus,Pakistan,implementedbyWWF-Pakistan.

Shahid Rashid AwanDr. Masood Arshad


CBD ConventiononBiologicalDiversityCBO CommunityBasedOrganizationCCA Community Conservation AreaCCHA Community Controlled Hunting AreaCIWC CentralIndusWetlandsComplexCMS Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species COD ChemicalOxygenDemandCSR Corporate Social Responsibility DFID DepartmentforInternationalDevelopmentEC ElectricityConductivityGEF GlobalEnvironmentFacilityGPAF Global Poverty Action FundGR Game ReservesIP IrrigatedPlantationIUCN InternationalUnionfortheConservationof NatureKP Khyber PakhtunkhwaNEQS NationalEnvironmentalQualityStandardsNP NationalParkNTFP Non-TimberForestProducePAC Project Advisory CommitteePFRI PunjabForestryResearchInstitutePoWPA Programme of Work on Protected AreasPWRI PunjabWildlifeResearchInstituteTBWS TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryTBWSMC TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryManagementCommitteeTSS Total Suspended SoilWS Wildlife SanctuaryWWF-Pakistan WorldWideFundforNature,Pakistan

List of Acronyms and Abbreviation List of Tables and Boxes

Table-1 Abstract of Game Reserves in Pakistan Table-2 Abstractof NationalParksinPakistanTable-3 Abstract of Wildlife Sanctuaries in PakistanTable-4 Abstract of Community Conservation Areas in PakistanTable-5 Head of provincial Wildlife Departments in PakistanTable-6 Policy issues related interventionsTable-7 InstitutionaldevelopmentrelatedinterventionsTable-8 InfrastructuraldevelopmentrelatedinterventionsTable-9 Habitat management related interventionsTable-10 Wildlife management related interventionsTable-11 Fisheries management related interventionsTable-12 Social mobilization related interventionsTable-13 Public awareness and education related interventionsTable-14 Tourism and recreation related interventionsTable-15 Research related interventionsTable-16 Financial assistance plan related interventions

Box-1 Existingstaffof PunjabWildlifeandParksDepartmentatTBWSBox-2 RevenueobtainedbyPunjabFisheriesDepartmentBox-3 Existingstaffof PunjabFisheriesDepartmentatTBWSBox-4 Existingandproposedincreaseinstaffof PunjabWildlifeandParks DepartmentBox-5 Detailof proposedequipmentandtoolsforwildlifestaffBox-6 Proposedpostingsitesof incrementalstaffof PunjabWildlifeandParks DepartmentBox-7 ProposedofficeandresidentialbuildingsBox-8 ProposedworksatInformationCentreBox-9 ProposedfurnitureandarticlesatInformationCentreBox-10 Proposedtransportationfacilities


List of Annexure

List of Maps

AnnexI Notificationof Committeeforthepreparationof ManagementPlanAnnexII QuestionnairecirculatedtoallstakeholdersAnnexIII Listof guidelinesconsultedforthepreparationof ManagementPlanAnnexIV Listof GameReserves,WildlifeSanctuaries,NationalParks,andCommunity ControlledHuntingAreasinAzadJammu&Kashmir,/GilgitBaltistanandKPAnnexV Listof GameReserves,WildlifeSanctuaries,NationalParks,andCommunity Controlled Hunting Areas in PunjabAnnexVI Listof GameReserves,WildlifeSanctuaries,NationalParks,andCommunity Controlled Hunting Areas in SindhAnnexVII Listof GameReserves,WildlifeSanctuaries,NationalParks,andCommunity ControlledHuntingAreasinBaluchistanAnnexVIII Listof ProtectedAreasinPunjabAnnexIX Section16,17&18of PunjabWildlifeActAnnexX Notificationof TBWS1999AnnexXI Notificationof TBWS2004AnnexXII Notificationof IrrigationDepartment(2002)AnnexXIII MoUbetweenWWF-PakistanandWildlifeDepartment(2011)AnnexXIV TripartiteMoU(WWF-Pakistan,WildlifeDepartmentandIrrigationDepartment)AnnexXV HistoricwaterdischargeatTaunsaBarrageAnnexXVI Listof ChallansissuedbythePunjabFisheriesDepartmentAnnexXVII Listof ChallansissuedbythePunjabWildlifeandParksDepartmentAnnexXVIII DraftNotificationof TBWSAnnexXIX DraftNotificationof TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryManagementCommitteeAnnexXX Listof plantspeciesof TBWSAnnexXXI Listof fishspeciesof TBWSAnnexXXII Listof amphibiansandreptilesof TBWSAnnexXXIII Listof birdsof TBWSAnnexXXIV Listof smallmammalsof TBWSAnnexXXV Listof largemammalsof TBWSAnnexXXVI LocallyextinctspeciesfromTBWS

Map1 Erodedareasof TBWSduringthefloodin2010Map 2 Map indicating the Core, left and right pond areasMap3 Indusrivertrainingmapof IrrigationDepartmentMap4 Proposedmapof TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryMap 5 Zonation of core area according to vegetation

Process of Development of Management Plan

Theprojecttitled“ImprovingLivelihoodof FisherCommunitiesinCentralIndus,Pakistan”isbeingimplementedbytheWorldWideFundforNature–Pakistan(WWF-Pakistan)withthefinancialassistanceof DFIDhavingdifferentinterventionswithintheCentralIndusWetlandsComplex(CIWC).Inthisrespect,aProjectAdvisoryCommittee(PAC)wasconstitutedheadedby the Secretary, Government of the Punjab, Forest, Wildlife & Fisheries Department, Punjab. Itwasduringthesecondmeetingof PACwhenthedevelopmentof amanagementplanforTaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuarycameintodiscussion.TheSecretary,Forest,Wildlife&FisheriesDepartmentconstitutedacommitteeforthepurpose,whichwasnotifiedundervideGovernmentNotificationNo.SOP(WL)12.1/2007-IIdated30.5.2013(AnnexI).

The Committee had its meeting at Lahore participated by the representatives of various allied Departments and discussed the objectives, role and way forward for the development of management Plan. The socio-economic and ecological data was obtained from the District Gazetteerof Muzaffargarh,1929.Likewise,variousreportandbaselinestudiesalreadyconducted periodically by WWF-Pakistan were consulted for reference and comparison to present day situation.

Inordertosavetimeandhavedirectinteractionovernumerousidentifiedissuesrelateddevelopment of Management Plan, a list of over 60 questions was developed and communicated to all the concerned Departments prior to the visit to provide them adequate timeforappropriateresponsestoeachquestion(Annex-II).Theinitialworkof writingof ManagementPlanwasstartedwiththeconsultationof differentguidelinesavailableincludingIUCN,Ramsarandothersfordevelopmentof managementplanforprotectedareasaswellasforwetlands(Annex-III).Thepreparationof listof questionswastheoutcomeof thestudyof these guidelines.

ItwasfollowedbyadetailedvisittoKotAddu,DistrictMuzaffargarhforpersonalinteractionwiththecommunitiesresidingaroundtheWildlifeSanctuary.Moreover,adetailedfieldvisitwasconductedtobufferzoneincludingthepondareasof theTaunsaBarrage.

Thelistof questionswasdiscussedinaseriesof meetinginthedistrictofficesof forest,wildlife,fisheries,irrigationandagriculturedepartments.Later,acollectivemeetingwasheldtoprovideopportunitytoallthestakeholderstojointlyexpresstheirviewsandoffercommentsonthequestionsrelatedtodifferentdepartments.Theresultof discussionwasintheshapeof adetailedviewpointfromdifferentstakeholdersthathavebeenincorporatedinvariouschaptersof the Management Plan.


The detailed on site information was gathered through number of visits to the core area of the Sanctuary. During the visit, information pertaining to vegetation, soil, topography, fauna and grazing activities was obtained.

Aftermutualconsultation,itwasconcludedtohaveabufferzonearoundthealreadynotifiedareaof theTaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary.Hence,ananticipatedpointof theproposedareawereidentifiedforcalculationof totallandandproposingthesametothePunjabWildlifeandParksDepartmentforitsconsentandnotification.Basedonalltheavailableinformationobtained as a result of review of literature, response to questionnaire, interactions with public andprivatestakeholdersandfieldvisits,thetableof contentswasdevisedtoproceedfurther.Thedetailof contentsof eachchapteralongwithspecificinformationinsub-componentswaspresented to the Senior Director Programmes of WWF-Pakistan for his perusal and approval. Followed by the approval, necessary amendments were made in an in-house consultative meeting participated by the senior representations from Punjab Wildlife & Parks Department and national representation from Climate Change Division, Government of Pakistan.

Thefirstdraftof theManagementPlanof TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuarywassubmitted to WWF-Pakistan for circulation and presentation to the participants of Provincial Consultative Workshop for their comments. On the basis of the outcome of the workshop, thedraftwasagainamendedandfinaldraftsignedbyallthemembersof theCommitteeconstituted for the purpose.

Shahid Rashid AwanDr. Masood Arshad


CHAPTER 1PROTECTED AREAS IN PUNJAB

1.1. Protected areasThe“protectedareasarelocationswhichreceiveprotectionbecauseof theirrecognizednatural,ecologicalandor/culturalvalues”(Wikipedia).IUCN–TheworldConservationUniondefinesProtectedAreaas“aclearlydefinedgeographicalspace,recognized,dedicatedandmanaged,throughlegalorothereffectivemeans”toachievethelong-termconservationof naturewithassociatedecosystemservicesandculturalvalues”.Theprotectedareacanbeof severaldifferentkindsdependingontheobjectivesof conservation ranging from strict nature reserves to sustainable use of natural resources without compromising the needs and livelihoods of local and indigenous communities. Protected areas are essential not only for conservation of natural biological heritage of country but also provide ecological goods and services for the social and economic well being of the people.Theprotectedareasalsoprovideabufferagainsttheunpredictableimpending climate change and resulting natural catastrophes.

1.2. IUCN Protected Areas Categories SystemIn2000,protectedareasystemreviewwasundertakenwhichreclassifiedtheprotectedareasaccordingtoIUCNprotectedareacategorysystemandidentifiedareasthatdidnotconformtotheinternationallyacceptedstandards.Italsoidentifiedecologicallysensitiveareasandsuggestedaframeworkof action.Thefollowingislistof theIUCNprotectedareascategories system.

Ia Strict Nature ReserveCategoryIaarestrictlyprotectedareassetasidetoprotectbiodiversityandalsopossiblygeological/geomorphicalfeatures,wherehumanvisitation,use and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to ensure protection of the conservation values. Such protected areas can serve as indispensable referenceareasforscientificresearchandmonitoring.

Ib Wilderness Area CategoryIbprotectedareasareusuallylargeunmodifiedorslightlymodifiedareas,retainingtheirnaturalcharacterandinfluencewithoutpermanentorsignificanthumanhabitation,whichareprotectedandmanaged so as to preserve their natural condition.

II National Parks CategoryIIprotectedareasarelargenaturalornearnaturalareassetasideto protect large-scale ecological processes, along with the complement of species and ecosystems characteristic of the area, which also provide

Protected areas are essential not only for conservation of natural biological heritage of country but also provide ecological goods and serves for the social and economic well being of the people

a foundation for environmentally and culturally compatible, spiritual, scientific,educational,recreationalandvisitoropportunities.

III Natural Monument or Feature CategoryIIIprotectedareasaresetasidetoprotectaspecificnaturalmonument, which can be a land form, sea mount, submarine cavern, geological features such as a cave or even a living feature such as an ancient grove. They are generally quite small protected areas and often have high visitor value.

IV Habitat / Species Management AreaCategoryIVprotectedareasaimtoprotectparticularspeciesorhabitatsandmanagementreflectsthispriority.ManycategoryIVprotectedareaswill need regular, active interventions to address the requirements of particular species or to maintain habitats, but this is not a requirement of the category.

V Protected Landscape / SeascapeA protected area where the interaction of people and nature over time hasproducedanareaof distinctcharacterwithsignificant,ecological,biological, cultural and science value: and where safeguarding the integrity of this interaction is vital to protecting and sustaining the area and its associated nature conservation and other values.

VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resourcesCategoryVIprotectedareasconserveecosystemsandhabitatstogetherwithassociated cultural values and traditional natural resource management systems. They are generally large, with most of the area in a natural condition, where a proportion is under sustainable natural resource management and where low-level non-industrial use of natural resources compatible with nature conservation is seen as one of the main aims of the area.

1.3. Protected areas of Pakistan ThefirstseriousactiontoconservethekeyecosystemsandhabitatsinPakistanwasmadewheninlargenumberof NationalParks,WildlifeSanctuaries and Game Reserves were established under the Wildlife Act in late 1960s and early 1970. When the protected areas started receiving attention of the global conservation community and data on protected area was gathered from the countries, Pakistan listed all of its national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves as protected areas. While a couple of reviews of the protected area system were undertaken but no follow up actionwastakentoplanaprotectedareasysteminPakistan.Vastareaof naturalecosystems,exceptthosemanagedasforestsbythegovernment,haveundefinedlandtenureandaregenerallydegraded.ThusthemanagedforestsofferagreatopportunitytoconservebiodiversityinPakistan,butunfortunately have not made part of the protected area system.

Thereare25NationalParks,79WildlifeSanctuaries,83GameReservesand 114 Community Conservation Areas covering an area of 109,969 km2 or12.54%of theareaof Pakistan.ExceptforafewNationalParks,noneof the other protected areas have a management plan. The management is limited to enforcement of wildlife laws for preventing illegal hunting and shooting.If onetakesintoconsiderationallthepaperparks,coverageof protectedareasexceedsinternationalminimumrecommendedof 10%area.

Category VI protected areas conserve ecosystems and habitants together with associated cultural values and traditional natural resource management systems.


1.3.1. Game ReservesThe wildlife related legislations in Pakistan describe a Game Reserve as “GovernmentmaydeclareanyareatobeaGameReservewherehuntingandshootingof wildanimalsshallnotbeallowed,exceptunderspecialpermit,whichmayspecifythemaximumnumberof animalsorbirdsthatmay be killed or captured and the area and duration for such permit which shallbevalid”.Theprovincialabstractof GameReservesisasunder:

Table 1: Abstract of Game Reserves in Pakistan

1.3.2. National Parks ThewildliferelatedlegislationsinPakistandescribeaNationalpark“withaviewtotheprotectionandpreservationof floraandfaunainthenaturalstate,Governmentmay,bynotificationintheofficialGazettedeclareanyarea which is the property of the government or over which government has proprietary rights to be declared a national park and may demarcate it in suchmannerasprescribed.Theprovincialabstractof NationalParksisasunder:

Table 2: Abstract of National Parks in Pakistan

1.3.3. Wildlife Sanctuaries WildlifeSanctuaryrepresentsthesamemanagementcategoryexceptdifferenceintheirnomenclatureasusedinthewildlifelaws.ThewildliferelatedlegislationsinPakistandescribeaWildlifeSanctuaryas“(1)GovernmentmaybynotificationintheofficialGazette,declareanyareawhich is the property of the Government or over which Government has proprietary rights to be declared a Wildlife Sanctuary and may demarcate it in such manner as prescribed. (2) the Wildlife Sanctuary shall be set aside as undisturbed breeding ground for the production of wildlife and access theretoforpublicshall,exceptinaccordancewiththerules,beprohibitedandnoexploitationof forestthereinshallbeallowedexceptforreducingfirehazards,epidemicsorinsectattacksorothernaturalcalamities”.Thereis not a single site in Pakistan that comes close to the description. The provincial abstract of Wildlife Sanctuaries is as under:

The wildlife related legislations in Pakistan describe a National park “with a view to the protection and preservation of flora and fauna in the natural state

Provinces / Territories Total area (Km2) Game Reserves Number Area (ha) Percentage

Azad Jammu & Kashmir 12,431 12 14,164 1.14% Gilgit – Baltistan 347,190 9 124,099 0.36% Baluchistan 68,879 6 511,214 7.42% Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 74,521 38 371,066 4.98% Punjab 205,345 18 2,276,980 11.09% Sindh 140,914 0 0 0.00% Islamabad 906 0 0 0.00% FATA 27,220 0 0 0.00% Total 877,406 83 3,297,523 3.76

Provinces / Territories Total area (KM2) National Parks Number Area (ha) Percentage

Azad Jammu & Kashmir 12,431 7 99,191 7.98% Gilgit – Baltistan 347,190 5 2,016,745 5.81% Baluchistan 68,879 2 643,539 9.34% Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 74,521 6 196,649 2.64% Punjab 205,345 5 210,824 1.03% Sindh 140,914 1 308,733 2.19% Islamabad 906 1 17,386 19.19% FATA 27,220 0 0 0.00% Total 877,406 25 3,475,681 3.96%

Provinces / Territories Total area (KM2)

Wildlife Sanctuaries Area (ha) Area (ha) Area (ha)

Azad Jammu & Kashmir 12,431 0 0 0.00% Gilgit – Baltistan 347,190 3 164,100 0.47% Baluchistan 68,879 14 1,192,335 17.31% Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 74,521 3 34,212 0.46% Punjab 205,345 26 843,323 4.11% Sindh 140,914 33 744,755 5.29% Islamabad 906 1 7,000 7.73% FATA 27,220 0 0 0 Total 877,406 80 2,985,725 3.41%


Community Conservation Areas Number Area (ha) Percentage

Azad Jammu & Kashmir 12,431 0 0 0.00% Gilgit – Baltistan 347,190 24 447,000 1.29% Baluchistan 68,879 2 358,299 2.61% Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 74,521 89 432,668 5.81% Punjab 205,345 0 0 0.00% Sindh 140,914 0 0 0.00% Islamabad 906 0 0 0.00% FATA 27,220 0 0 0.00% Total 877,406 114 1,237,967 1.41%











(Source:IUCN,2012)

(Source:IUCN,2012)

Table 3: Abstract of Wildlife Sanctuaries in Pakistan

1.3.4. Community Conservation AreasThe local community initiatives for conservation and sustainable use emerged long after the wildlife legislations were made and therefore, are not legal management category. However, local communities who have set aside areas for conservation have plans for management are recognized as Com-munity Conservation Areas (CCA). The concept of CCAs was introduced throughGEFpilotprojectinGBandKPduringthemid1990sandextend-edtoconservancylevelunderMACP.InKP,theCCAsarecalledCom-munityControlledHuntingAreas(CCHAs).EvenbeforetheGEFproject,thereweretwoareasinBaluchistan(TorgharandDureji)wherelocaltriballeaders were conserving wildlife for suitable sport hunting in collaboration with local communities. A summary of the CCAs by province is given in the following table:

Table 4: Abstract of Community Conservation Areas in Pakistan

Thelistof GameReserves,WildlifeSanctuaries,NationalParksandCom-munityControlledHuntingAreasinAzadJammuandKashmir/GilgitBaltistan/KP,Punjab,SindhandBaluchistanisattachedasAnnexIV,V,VIandVIIrespectively.

1.4. Status of Protected Areas in PunjabProvincial Wildlife Departments are responsible for the establishment and managementof NationalParks,WildlifeSanctuariesandGameReservesin the country. The KP and Punjab have well developed and adequately staffedWildlifeDepartments,whereasinotherprovincesandregions,thedepartments are relatively small. The level at which these departments are headed is given in following table:





















The local community initiatives for conservation and sustainable use emerged long after the wildlife legislations were made

(Source:IUCN,2012)

(Source:IUCN,2012)


Table 5: Heads of Provincial Wildlife Departments in Pakistan

InPunjab,thereisasingleAdministrativeDepartmentheadedbytheSecretary, who has three attached departments namely Forest, Wildlife & Fisheries working under his administrative control, whereas in other provincessuchadministrativestructuredoesnotexist.ThesetupinPunjabprovides an opportunity to address the issue of Protected Areas especially for sites, which are required to be declared as protected areas are also state forest land. Hence, it provided two legislative covers i.e. Punjab Forest Act (Amended)2010andWildlifeAct2007.Itisduetothereasonthatmostof theGameReserves,WildlifeSanctuariesandNationalParksareonforestland.Thelistof 48protectedareasindicatingtheirclassification,areaandlandtenureisshowninAnnexVIII.

The major forest types of Punjab including the coniferous forest, scrub forests,riverineforestandirrigatedplantations.Thefloraandfaunapresentintheseforestsisdifferentduetodiversifiedecologicalconditions.Theprotectedareas,whicharenotifiedfortheconservationof wildlifeandlocated in these forests also provides protection to the vegetation of the area. All the protected area including Game Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuaries and NationalParksarenotifiedundersection16,17and18of WildlifeAct2007andisshowninAnnexIX.

However, there is no legal provision in the Punjab Forest Act (Amended) 2010fordeclarationof anyprotectedarea.Itexplainsthefactthattheprotectedareasof Punjabarenotifiedmainlyfortheconservationandprotection of local wildlife animals of area, while protection of vegetation is anassociatedbenefitof it.

1.5. Management GapsTheestablishmentandeffectivemanagementof aProtectedAreasystemis essential not only to conserve the unique natural heritage of Pakistan but also to ensure sustainable supply of ecosystem goods and services and for climate change adaption.

Althoughtherearesomesuccessstoriesof effectivemanagementof theprotectedareas,yetPakistanisfarfromsignificantachievementsintheprotectedareaobjectives.Itishardtoquantifytheachievementsof objectives or conservation values. There are still many paper parks, due mainlytolackof institutionalandprofessionalcapacity,financialconstraintsandconflictinglandusedemands.

There is no national legal or policy instrument for management of the Protected Areas at the national level mainly because it is a provincial subject matter. The provinces have wildlife laws that govern the establishment of NPs,WSs,GRsbuthavenopoliciesforprotectedareamanagement.The wildlife legislations at provincial level were mostly enacted in 1974 andprovidelegalbasisfortheestablishmentof NationalParks,WildlifeSanctuaries and Game Reserves. The wildlife legislations in all the provinces are similar to each other.

There is no national legal or policy instrument for management of the Protected Areas at the national level

Provinces / Territories Heads of the Departments

Azad Jammu & Kashmir Director, Wildlife and Fisheries Gilgit – Baltistan Conservator, Wildlife Baluchistan Conservator, Wildlife Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Chief Conservator, Wildlife Punjab Director General, Wildlife and Parks Sindh Conservator, Wildlife

YEAR DATE MONTH UPSTREAM DISCHARGE

DOWNSTREAM DISCHARGE

FLOOD LIMIT

2009 21 August 3,43,369 3,12,769 L. Flood 2010 02 August 10,85,601 10,85,601 E.H. Flood 2011 01 September 2,48,689 2,27,689 L. Flood 2012 10 September 2,43,389 2,35,389 L. Flood

# DESIGNATION BPS NO.

1. Wildlife Supervisor 14 1

2. Head Wildlife Watcher 7 1

3. Wildlife Watcher 5 5

4. Boatman 1 1

Activity 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Angling licenses 0.5 mill 0.42 mill 0.45 mill

Auction 10 mill 12 mill 14 mill

Fines 0.047 mill 0.06 mill 0.035 mill


1. Assistant Warden 11 2

2. Fish Supervisor 6 1

3. Fish Watcher 1 2

4. Fish Baildar 1 6

Inordertobepartof theglobalsystemof protectedareas,itisimperativethatthesitesincludedinthenationallistof protectedareasmeettheIUCNdefinitionof aprotectedareaandmeetthegloballyrecognizedcriteriafor their establishment and management. There is not a single Wildlife Sanctuary,whichcomesclosetoitsdefinition.Similarlybydefinition,theGame Reserves do not meet the criteria of a protected area but are included in the national list of protected areas.

Inviewof above,itcanbeinferredthattheoperativepartof managementof all the protected areas is enforcement of law with gaps in stated objectivesinthenotificationandactualsituation.Alleffortsaremadetowardsimpositionof restrictiononillegalhuntingwithnegligibleeffortstowards management of habitat and maintaining the natural ecosystem of the area by taking into consideration, the land use, socio-economic factors, public awareness and capacity building of human resource. Similarly, it is only Wildlife Department who is considered to be responsible for the managementof protectedareawithoutrealizingthefactsthatthereexistmore than one department operative in the area with multiple stakes and land ownership. Moreover, in majority of the cases, the local communities have their direct or indirect dependence on the natural resources of the protected area. Therefore, it is imperative to have a detailed account of the entire situation including the key features of the area, threats and opportunities,existinglanduse,conflictinginterestsof stakeholders,environmental variables, natural disasters, dependence of communities for their livelihood, biodiversity ownership of land along with clear objectives linked with proposed action and strategies to meet those objectives. Theaboveapproachcouldonlybeactualizedprovidedthereexistsamanagement plan of the protected area identifying various management options with clear responsibilities and highlighting the possible sources forfinancialinputs.Unfortunately,thereisnotasingleprotectedareainPunjab having a formal management plan with formal approval from the competent forum and which is being implemented in its true spirit. Hence, theabsenceof amanagementplanwithwell-definedownershipisthesinglemost important gap towards management of the protected areas. Apart from the management plan, the other gaps in the management of protected area include non-representation of ecosystem, governance, capacity of departments,financialresources,legalandpolicyframework,professionalskills, baseline information and awareness and communication.

1.6. Why to have a management Plan?Theprotectedareasusuallypresentacomplexrelationshipbetweenthenatural resource and its utilization by the surrounding communities. Inmostcases,animbalancehasoccurredoveralargerperiodof timedisturbingtoco-existenceof humanpopulationandfloraandfaunaof thearea. Although, the ecological changes are subtle in the protected areas, butattimesthesituationbecomesquiteobviousandtheexistenceof natural ecosystem is considered to be at stake. At this juncture, appropriate intervention becomes inevitable.

Intheforegoingscenario,theareaisdeclaredasaprotectedtoeliminateor at least slow down the process of deterioration. The legal declaration of protected area may in terms of saving the entire ecosystem or protecting the populationandhabitatof specificspeciesof floraandfauna.Itisimportanttopointoutthatinmajorityof cases,thelegalnotificationof protectedareaaloneisnotsufficientenoughtomeettheobjectivesof itsdeclaration.Hence, it becomes a dire necessity for the managers of the protected area to have a detailed account of situation in its historic perspective, changes

The protected areas usually comprise of a complex relationship between the natural resource and its utilization by the surrounding communities.


occurredoveraperiodof time,speciesbecameendangeredorextinct,lossof habitat etc. along with a clear road map not only for mitigation but also for restoration. The document thus prepared is termed as a management plan that provides the objectives of management for a particular protected areacoupledwithwaysandmeanstoachievetheseobjectives.Ithasbeenobservedthatalthoughmuchtimeandeffortisputintomanagementplanning for protected area but unfortunately such plans are seldom used.

Incertaincases,theneedof managementplanisalsotofulfillthelegislativerequirement. Such legislation provides the managing organizations with statuary instructions to prepare a plan. Failure to manage a protected areainaccordancewiththeplanmaygiverisetoanoffenceandlegalaction.Legislationof thiskindmayalsoforbidcertainactionexceptwhereprovided for under the management plan. Also, many donors that support protected areas projects require that a management plan be produced as a part of the funding agreement. Apart from meeting legislative requirement, the most compelling reason for producing management plan is to provide benefittotheprotectedareaandthoserelyuponitsgoodmanagement.

Theprimaryproductof managementplanningshouldbemoreeffectivemanagement of the protected area. Management planning encourages moreeffectivemanagementbyhavingclearunderstandingof thearea,providing guidance for managers, providing continuity and by helping toidentifyanddefinemanagementeffectiveness.Anotherbenefitof amanagementplanincludesimproveduseof financialandstaffresources,increasedaccountability,effectivecommunication,implementationpolicies,developing ownership and creating mass awareness and providing research and education opportunities.

The management planning of protected areas is dynamic in nature and not adiscreteevent.Itdoesnotendwiththeproductionof theplans;ratherit is further built on the basis of lessons learnt during implementation and monitoring. The feedback during monitoring leads to certain adjustments to keep it on the right track.

The primary product of management planning should be more effective management of the protected area

The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands

Chapter 2 Legal and Statutory Requirement

2.1. Ramsar ConventionThe Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands i.e. to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the fundamental ecologicalfunctionsof wetlandsandtheireconomic,cultural,scientificandrecreationalvalue.Itisnamedafterthecityof RamsarinIran,wherethe Convention was signed in 1971. Pakistan became the member of the ConventioninJanuary1976.Therearepresently168contractingpartiesto the convention with 2,186 sites totaling 208.5 million ha, designated for inclusionintheRamsarListof Wetlandsof InternationalImportance.TheConvention is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources.

Theevaluationmissionof InternationalWetlandsandWaterfowlResearchBureau(IWWRB)recommendedtheinclusionof TBWSintheRamsarlistof wetlandsof internationalimportanceandwasfinallyinscribedonthelistof RamsarSitesin1996.AsanobligationtoConvention,theTBWShastobe maintained on sustainable basis with wise use of resources of wetland for which management plan is a prerequisite.

2.2. Convention on Biological DiversityTheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)knowninformallyastheBiodiversityConventionisaninternationallegalbindingtreaty.TheConvention has three main goals: conservation of biological diversity, sustainableuseof itscomponentandfairandequitablesharingof benefitsarisingfromgeneticresources.Inotherwords,itsobjectiveistodevelopnational strategies for the conservation and sustainable development. PakistanratifiedtheConventionduringJuly1994andbecomepartof thetreaty with national responsibility to abide by its obligations.

TheCBDinArticle8encouragesparties/memberstoestablishasystem of protected areas where special measures need to be taken to conservebiologicaldiversity.TheCBDadoptedaProgrammeof Workon Protected Areas (PoWPA) in its 7th meeting held in Kuala Lumpur in 2004. The objective of the PoWPA is to establish and maintain a comprehensive,effectivelymanagedandecologicallyrepresentativenationalsystem of protected areas that contribute to achieving the objectives of the Convention. The current management plan could be considered as fulfillmentof theobligationof theConventionattheprovinciallevelforTBWSasasignificantprotectedareaof thePunjab.


2.3. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild AnimalsalsoknownasCMSorBonnConvention,aimstoconserveterrestrial,aquaticandavianmigratoryspeciesthroughouttheirrange.Itisanintergovernmentaltreaty,concludedundertheaegisof theUNEP(UnitedNationEnvironmentProgramme)concernedwiththeconservationof wildlife and habitat on global scale. Since the convention entry into force in 1983, its membership has grown to include 199 parties. Pakistan became member of the Convention during September 1987.

MigratoryspeciesthreatenedwithextinctionarelistedinAppendix1of theConvention. CMS parties strive towards strictly protecting these animals, conserving or restoring the places where they live, mitigating obstacles to migration and controlling other factors that might endanger them.TheTBWSfallsacrossthefamousIndusFlywayandserveasawinteringgroundtoseveralmigratorybirdscomingthroughtheroutefromNorth.Hence, in order to comply with the objectives of the CMS as one of the parties to Convention, necessary actions are required to be taken to conserveandrestorethehabitatof migratorybirds.Inthisrespect,amanagement plan has to be in place suggesting various plans of actions and their implementation by all the stakeholders operating in the sanctuary area.

2.4. Draft National Wetlands PolicyPakistan has number of environmental management and sustainable natural resource use policies that recognize the importance of water resources. However, there are obvious gaps that hinder the conservation and sustainableuseof wetlands.TherewasnoNationalWetlandPolicydespitethe fact that these wetlands occupy about 10% of the land area of the country.Pakistan’swetlandscontinuedtobedegradedandarethreatenedby a variety of man-made and climate induced changes. Considering all theabovefactorsGovernmentof PakistanhadformulateddraftNationalWetlands Policy during 2012 in collaboration with WWF-Pakistan and is ready for approval by the competent forum.

ThedraftNationalWetlandsPolicyenvisagesvariousthreats,opportunitiesandissuesbywhichthewetlandsareconfronted.Itstressedoverprovisionof regulatory framework for conservation and sustainable use, collaboration of stakeholders, promotion of research and education, data management, capacitybuilding,creationof awarenessandmeanstosecurefinancingmechanismforsustainablemanagementof wetlands.Basedontheaboveprinciplesof NationalWetlandsPolicy,theManagementPlanforTBWShas been prepared to ensure sustainable use of the important wetlands of IndusRiver.

2.5. National Policy of Climate ChangeThe year 2012 will always be remembered as a landmark in the climate changeresponsehistoryof PakistanastheGovernmentapprovedNationalPolicy of Climate Change. The policy has addressed all the emerging issues as a result of global climate change and suggested policy directions foradaptionandmitigationmeasurestominimizetheeffect.Ithasalsoaccountedfordifferentvulnerableecosystemsinthecountryandwaysand means to save these ecosystems from negative impacts of climate change. The policy also focuses towards wetlands in the country in terms of suggesting various policy measures for their management and conservation including the following:

a.Ensurecontrolof andslowdowntheconversionof wetlandsandtheir immediate surroundings for agriculture and grazing measures.

Migratory species threatened with extinction are listed in Appendix-1 of the convention

b.Ensurebalancedharvestingof wetlandsresourcesandgrazinginthese areas. c.Ensurethedesignandimplementationof sustainable;particularly management plans for independent demonstration sites, each chosen to be representative of a broad eco-region in Pakistan.

Hence,incompliancetotheabovepolicydecisioncontainedintheNationalPolicy of climate change, the current Management Plan has been prepared foroneof theimportantwetland/protectedareaof Punjabi.e.TBWS.


CHAPTER 3DESCRIPTION OF AREA

3.1. Historical background of the areaInordertoevaluatetheareainitshistoricalperspective,literaturewasreviewed which revealed certain important information regarding the presence of wildlife as well as social set up of the society during 1929. The followingexplanationreferstothesituationthatprevailedin1929:

Forest:Itwasahistoricfactthatduringthattimethelegalstatusof theforests was very unsatisfactory and rules were prepared by the government undertheIndianForestAct.Thepopularforestswereinapoorconditionandtheminorforestproduceusedtobeextractedbythecommunities.

Wildlife:TheBengaltigers(Panthera tigris tigris) was seen in the dense junglesonthebankof theIndustowardsthesouthof thedistrict–Muzaffargarhin1879,buthadsincedisappeared.Wolves(Canis lupis) were found throughout the district and wild boars (Sus scrofa)wereextremelycommon, especially on the banks of the river. The only deer in the district were Parah or Hog Deer (Axis porcinus) and the ravine deer, called Haran or Chinkara (Gazella bennettii).Jackals(Canis aureus)andfoxes(Vulpes vulpes) were common.IndianHare(Lepus nigricollis) were fairly numerous but owing to annual inundation of the river, they were only found in the drier and higher regions.Indiansmooth-coatedotters(Lutrogale perspicillata) were found in the south of the district. Hedgehogs (Hemiechinus collaris) and Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) were very common. Pig and Hog Deer were occasionally taken by nets of Munj rope supported on moveable poles with side strings fastened to bushes. The game birds usually shot were Houbara or Talur (Chlamydotis macqueenii), Chestnut-bellied sand grouse (Pterocles exustus), Grey partridge (Francolinus pondicerianus), Common quail (Coturnix coturnix) arrived in great number in March and September and disappear soon, Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), Spot-billed duck (Anas poecilorhyncha), Gadwall (Anas strepera), Northernshoveler(Anas clypeata), Marbled duck (Marmaronetta angustirostris), Common teal (Anas crecca),Northernpintail(Anas acuta) and Lesser whistling duck (Dendrocygna javanica)werealsoseen.Thefisheatingcrocodiles(Gavialis gangeticus)locallycalledSinsarwerefoundveryfrequentlyinriverIndus.The snub-nosed crocodile (Crocodilus palustris) was also common, but it showed itself less and preferred the still water of the dhands. Turtles were foundbothintheriverandinthedhands.TheIndusdolphin(Platanista gangetica minor) locally called bulhain was often seen in the main stream of the rivers.

Fishing: Fishing provided an industry for a fair number of people and foodformany.Thefishingtribes–Jhabels,KihalsandMors–lived

The Bengal tiger was seen in the dense jungles on the bank of the Indus towards the south of the district – Muzaffargarh in 1879

almostentirelyonfishingbutotherpeopledofishingforsupportaswellasamusement. Fish were also caught with a hook and line in deep water and intherivers.Theriverwasabundantinfishbutfewwerecaughtinthemain stream.

Vegetation: The description of trees found during 1929 includes the commontreeswhichcouldbefoundatpresentwiththeexceptionof fewwhicharenotinabundantinthearea.Ithasbeenreportedthatcommontrees were Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), Kikar (Acacia nilotica), Siris (Albezia lebbeck),Jand(Prosopis cineraria)andBer(Ziziphus mauritiana). The Tamarix orientaliswascalledUkanh,whichthrivedeverywhereandwaspropagatedwith ease. The Tamarix diocawasknownasLai,PilchiorJhavgrewspontaneouslywhereverriverwaterreached.Theriverbankof Induswerelines with thickets of it. Lai was used in places, instead of masonry for lining wells and for making baskets. The Salvadora oleoides also grew spontaneously on the waste land while Salvadora indica was common in the south of the district.Likewise,Bhan(Populous euphratica) used to grow spontaneously on thebankof riverIndus.ThemostcommongrasseswereDubandChimber,Desmostachya bipinnata and Ochtochloa compressa.Dubwasanexcellentgrassforfodder and was sign of good soil. Chimber could be seen on mostly sandy soilsandwasalsoconsideredtobeexcellentfodder.

Floods:Thefrequencyof floodintheareasinnotveryunusual.Thehistoric information indicates that the slope of land is generally from west to eastandthetendencyof Induswasalwaystospreadintothedistrictanditmade several inroads into the interior until the construction of the Sanawan embankmentin1874.TheSanawantownstillexistsnearKotAddu.In1924, the rainfall was heavy, the Sanawan bund was breached near Kot SultanandmuchdamagewasdoneinKotAdduandMuzaffargarhtehsil.In1929,thedistrictsufferedonceagain.Thefloodincidencearenoticedinthe area in almost every decade but varied in intensity causing damage of differentmagnitude.However,thetimeof thecomingof thefloods,theircontinuity and their total amount can neither be calculated nor controlled since apart from quantity of snow in north, time of melting, monsoon rains the action of torrents in the north of the Dera Ghazi Khan also adds to their intensity.

Tribes: The district Gazetteer of 1929 has accounted that with the exceptionof menialswhowereknownbytheirrespectiveprofessionsandfresh converts to the Muhammadan Religion who were known as Sheikh, the Muhammadan population was divided into distinct bodies known as tribes (Kom) each supposed to be descended through males from the commonancestors.Themaintribesof thedistrictaretheJats,Balouchis,Pathan, Sayyids and Koreshis. There were sub-divisions within each tribe knownasZaat.AJatmightbeHinjra,AngraandKharbutallcalledasJats.TheJatswhoownedthelargestamountof landwerespreadalloverthedistrictswithexceedinglynumeroustribes.Generally,Jatsmarryintotheirowntribebuttheyhavelittlehesitationinmarryingintoothertribes.InKotAddu were Parihars, Panwars, Gurahas, Hinjras, Makwals and Pattals. The leadingJatfamilieswerethoseof M.AllahBakshHinjra:ZaildarandM.Mahmud Hinjra: Zaildar.

3.2. Taunsa BarrageWith the increase of human population, socio-economic development and advent of new technologies were started to have a greater control over

The construction of Taunsa Barrage started in 1955 and it was completed in 1957. The barrage feeds two irrigation canals


riverflowandtoobtainmaximumpossibleRiverwaterforagriculturethroughout the year. The objective led to construction of dams, barrages andcanalsystemsincludingTaunsabarrageatriverIndus.

Theconstructionof TaunsaBarragestartedin1955anditwascompletedin 1957. The barrage feeds two irrigation canals.• DG Khan canal on its right bank with a capacity of 12,000 cusecs, only 8,000cusecsisbeingsuppliedforagriculturefieldsindistrictDGKhan and Rajanpur.•Muzaffargarhcanalonitsleftwithacapacityof 12,000cusecsforagriculturefieldsindistrictMuzaffargarh.•Taunsa–Panjnadlinkcanalwithacapacityof 12,000cusecshasbeendugtoconveyandtransferwaterfromriverIndustoriverChenab.

Becauseof thesearrangementsforstrictcontroloverriverwaterandtheconstruction of similar barrages and large storage dams upstream in the hillyregions,thesocalled‘Kachoareas’hasbeengreatlyshrunkintheirextent.Theclearingof vastareasof originalriverinevegetationforgrowingcrops has greatly reduced and fragmented habitat for indigenous big game like Hog Deer, which now survives in few isolated pockets.At the time of construction of barrage, the land owned by local people and falling into the proposed area for the barrage was required by the government for the purpose of construction of the barrage, the owners were displaced after compulsory purchasing their rights on the land.

Atthetimeof yearwhenriverisnotinflood,muchof thepondarearemains no more under water and the possibility of cultivation in the pond areaincreases.TheIrrigation&PowerDepartmentstartedleasingoutsuchareas.Thepracticeraisedinaconflictbetweenthelesseeandtheoriginalowners of the land before the acquiring of land. Later the principle was adopted that the available land will be leased out only to the original owners of the land.

3.3. Location and AreaTaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryislocatedinthesouth-easternpartof PunjabontheriverIndusintehsilKotAddu,districtMuzaffargarh.Thebarragewasconstructedontheriverin1957at31031’Nand70051’E.Itis situated 20 KM south east of Taunsa Sharif and 16 KM from Kot Addu. TaunsaBarrageenvisagesalargewaterreservoirupstreamif thebarrageand a series of ponds and lakes between the embankment.

3.4. Establishment of Taunsa Barrage Wildlife SanctuaryInordertoconservethewildfloraandfaunaof theregion,itwasdecidedtodeclareTaunsaBarrageasaWildlifeSanctuaryin1978underthePunjabWildlife Act, 1974. The wetlands are managed as Protected Areas under clauses 16 of the Punjab Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management) Act, 1974, which read as follows:

GovernmentmaybynotificationintheofficialGazettedeclareanyarea,which is the property of the Government, or over which Government has proprietaryrightstobe“WildlifeSanctuary”andmaydemarcateitinsucha manner as may be prescribed.

The“WildlifeSanctuary”shallbesetasideasanundisturbedbreedingground for the protection of wildlife and access thereto for public shall, exceptinaccordancewiththerules,beprohibitedandnoexploitationof forestthereinshallbeallowedexceptforreducinghazards,epidemicor

Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the south-eastern part of Punjab on the river Indus in tehsil Kot Addu

insect attacks or other natural disasters.

Nopersonshall•Enter,resideorcultivateanyland• Damage or destroy any vegetation •Hunt,killorcaptureanywildlifeorfireanygunorotherfirearmwithin one kilometer of the boundary•Introduceanyexoticspeciesof animalsorplants•Introduceanydomesticanimalorallowittostray;and• Pollute water in Wildlife Sanctuary provided that Government may for a specificpurpose,asordeemedexpedient,authorizedoingof aforementioned.

TheWildlifeSanctuaryaccordingtotheoriginalnotificationcomprisedof anareaof 6,569hathatextendedalmost10KMupstreamof theBarrage(AnnexX).Sinceitsdeclaration,theSanctuaryhasbeenre-notifiedmanytimes, the last on December 10, 2004 vide Government of the Punjab, Forest,Wildlife&FisheriesDepartmentNotificationNo.SOP(WL)12-1/2002-IIdatedDecember10,2004reducingtheareato2,834ha,i.e.43%of thefirstnotification(AnnexXI).

3.5. AccessTheTBWScanbereacheddirectlybyroadandrail.If travelingfromMuzaffargarh,themainMuzaffargarh–DGKhanHighwayturnsleftatKotAddutoreachtheBarrageafter15KMfromKotAddu.Whilecomingfrom Lahore the Multan Road takes to Multan, Kot Addu and then Taunsa Barrage(430Km).

Theseconddirectaccessisthroughrailway,withTaunsaBarrageRailwayStationlocated2KMawayfromtheBarrageonKotAddu–DGKhantrack. Moreover, Multan could also be reached through railway and from there by road from Multan to Kot Addu travelling 90 KM up to barrage.ThetwoindirectroutesbyairarefromDGKhanandMultan.BoththedistrictshaveairportfromwhereTaunsaBarragecouldbereachedbytravelling 70 KM from DG Khan and 90 KM from Multan. After reaching the barrage, the Sanctuary area can be accessed through boat or through land contact along the spurs of the left marginal bund passing through the pond area.

3.6. Land UseThe surrounding population of various villages, both at up and down streams rely at variety of resources of the Sanctuary. These include Typha angustata and Saccharum spp. (used to prepare ropes, mats etc.), Tamarix dioca (usedtopreparebaskets,thatchingmaterialandfuelwood)fishandfodderfor livestock. Marginal farming mostly comprised of wheat and vegetable and on few sites cotton is grown. The entire Sanctuary area is owned by thegovernmentthroughIrrigationDepartment.Thesurroundingareaispartiallygovernmentownedandpartiallyprivateproperty.Itismanagedby the Wildlife Department that is responsible to manage on established management and principles.

3.7. ClimateThe area lies in tropical arid continental climate zone. The climate of the areaisaridwithextremelyhotsummers(temperaturevariesbetween39-46oCduringJune)andmildwinters(temperaturevariesbetween19-5oC).However being part of a wetland or marshy habitat, it remains fairly humid throughout the year. The mean rainfall varies from 153 to 203 mm. Rainfall

TBWS is not occupied by the human population.


isseasonal,mostof it(85%)beingreceivedduringmonsoon,earlyJulytolateAugust.Relativehumidityintheareavariesfrom25%to88%;evapo-transpiration in the area is around 50%. The wind velocity remains in the rangeof 15-30km/h,howeverduringsummer,itexceedsupto30-35km/hwith dust storms and haze. The wind directions are from north to south orfromnorth-westtosoutheast.Itoftenturnstostormduringsummermonths.AmeteorologystationhasbeenestablishedatTaunsaBarrageHead Works, just outside the Sanctuary area under the control of Punjab IrrigationDepartment.Atthisstation,climatedataarebeingrecordedsincethe construction of the barrage in the year 1957. The monthly and annual means for climate variable are regularly recorded.

3.8. TopographyBeingthebedof theRiverIndus,thelandof TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuarycanbeclassedasanactivefloodplain.Itisirregularinconfigurationandfloodedeveryyear.Thegroundsurfaceishighlyunstableas it is regularly subjected to high rate of erosion and burial by sediments depositedbyriverduringfloods.Theriverinebedfeatureslikechannels,levees, bars and basins dominate the scene and can be observed everywhere inthearea.Withtheexceptionsof somesandyridges,theareaisleveltonearlylevel.Relief iscomplexbutgenerallythelandslopesnorthtosouth,from near zero to one percent. On the average, the elevation inadequacies range between a few centimeters to about 1.5 meter.

3.9. HydrologyIndusRiveristhesolesourceof waterforbarragestoragepond.Thereisveryhighseasonalfluctuationinthelevelanddischargeof wateratthebarrage head works. The discharge of river begins to rise during April that peaksduringJulythroughAugust,whenitdropsabruptlyandremainsfairlyconstant from October to March. The river inundation in most of the area of theSanctuary,partlyorcompletelyduringhighfloodinsummer:partsof semimarshyarearemainingdryduringthehighflood/sareakeyfactorinthesurvivalof wildlifespeciessuchasHogdeer,WildboarandIndianhare. The depth or river main stream varies 5-11.5 m, with discharge rangingbetween40,000–250,000cusecsduringwinterandsummerrespectively. Highest discharge ever recorded was 1,085,601 cusecs in 2010 andthesecondhighest760,784cusecsin1958.Duringthelastfiveyears,the average monthly discharge of the river remained as under:

Table 6: Highest Recorded Floods

3.10. Water Quality WWF-PakistanconductedafieldstudyatTaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary to establish baseline for water quality including both surface water and ground water. The study revealed that surface water samples weremoreorlessuniformincharacteristics,comparedwithNEQS.TheTotalSuspendedSolids(TSS)inIndusRiverwererecordedveryhighparticularlyinfallandsummerseasons.Inwinter,itwaswithinthelimitsof NEQS,whichis150mg/liter.Theamountof TotalDissolvedSolids(TDS)upstreamwaswithintheacceptablelimitof NEQSwithanaverageof 250mg/liter.TheChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)leveltouchesamaximum

Being the bed of the River Indus, the land of taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary can be classed as a active flood plain.





FLOOD LIMIT






4. Boatman 1 1

Activity 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14







3. Fish Watcher 1 2

4. Fish Baildar 1 6

(Source:PunjabIrrigationDepartment)L:Low,E.H:ExtremelyHigh

levelof 163.6mg/literduringwinteratthedownstreamrightbank.Themicrobiological results of surface water showed that the bacteria colony count was quite high at almost all locations, therefore, the river water is unsafe for drinking purposes without treatment. All the samples of ground waterwerefoundfitforhumanconsumption.

3.11. Soils TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuarycomprisesof alluvialplainswithfineto grained soil dominated with deposits of calcareous nature. The soil is sedimentaryinnaturewithclaytosandintexturedepositedduringfloodsintheIndusRiver.Thereisconsiderablelocalvariationinthecompositionof differentparticlesizes,whichdependsuponthespeedof waterforcurrent during deposition. The corresponding variation in vegetation can alsobeobservedfordifferentsoilstructuresandtypes.Atsites,wheremoredepositionof sandispresent,nogroundcoverinshapeof differentgrassesispresent.Theareawithsilttosandintexturehaspromisinggrowthof TamarixtreeswhileatsitewithmoreclaytextureisdominatedbySaccharum. Duringfastflowof riverwater,largesizedparticlestendtosettledownwhilefinesiltandclayparticlesaredepositedduringslowcurrent.Apartof thearea on western side comprises piedmont plains dominated by clay particles thatformdeepandwidecracksupondrying.TheElectricalConductivity(EC)of thenormalsoilrangesfrom0.4to3.9ms/cmandforsalinesoilsitis4.1to220ms/cm.ThepHof normalsoilrangesfrom7.9to8.9andthatof salineandsodicsoilsishigherupto9.1.Thesoilsaregenerallydeficientin available phosphorous and organic matter.

3.12. Flora ThevegetationatTBWSisalmostnaturalwithsmallpatchesandlinearplantationof commercialspeciesplantedartificiallybythecommunities.The combination of terrestrial vegetation changes with the season. WWF-Pakistan during 2005-2006 conducted a study according to which three importantplantcommunitiesinTBWSareasunder:

• During the Fall Season: Cyno – Imperata – Saccharum, Cyno – Tamarix – Saccharum and Cyprus – Fimbristylis – Typha• During Water Season: Cyno–Fimbristylis-Tamarix, Saccharum–Cyno– Timarix• During Summer Season: Cynodon – Imperata Saccharum, Saccharum – Cyno - Tamarix, Cyno – Lamiaceae – Maleolotus

Two tree species i.e. Dalbergia sissoo and Acacia nilotica are of special concern for their positive economic value. They naturally occur in riverine forests aswellasgrownincultivatedareaof theSanctuary.Inaddition,thereareotherimportantplantspeciesof specialconcerninTBWSincludingTamarix aphylla, Tamarix dioca, Typha angustata, Phragmites Karka, Nelnmbo sp., Nucifera sp., Saccharum bengalense, S. spontaneum and Desmostachya bipinnata.TheTamarixspp. is used by basket industry and fuelwood while Typha is utilized by communities for making mats and other household uses.

Thedetailedlistof plantspeciesatTBWShasbeenshownatAnnexXX(Source:TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary,BiodiversityProfile,WWF-Pakistan, 2014).

3.13. Fauna TBWSisimportantbreedingsitefortheLesserwhistlingteal(Dendrocygna javanica) Ruddy crake (Laterallus ruber) and Pheasant-tailed jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurgus).TheBar-headedgoose(Anser indicus), Ruddy

Main language of the area is Saraiki.


shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea), painted snipe (Rostratula benghalensis) and pallas Fishing eagle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus) are other important species of wetland.LocalbirdspeciesincludeBlackpartridge(Francolinus francolinus), Grey partridge (Francolinus pondicerianus), Common quail (Coturnix coturnix), Rockpigeon (Columba livia), Purple sunbird (Nectarinia asiatica) laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis), Red-collared dove (Streptopelia tranquebarica),Eurasiancollared dove (Streptopelia decaocto), House sparrow (Passer domesticus), Spotted owlet (Athene brama), Rose ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) and Crow pheasant (Centropus sinensis).

Thedetailedlistof birdsatTBWShasbeenshownatAnnexXXIII(Source:TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary,BiodiversityProfile,WWF-Pakistan, 2014).TheSanctuaryisfamousworldwideforprovidinghabitattoIndusBlindDolphin (Platanista gangetica minor). Other mammal species include Hog Deer (Axis porcinus),Jackal(Canis aureus), Hare (Lepus capensis), Porcupine (Hysterix indica)andWildBoar(Sus scrofa). The detailed list of amphibians andreptiles,smallmammals,largemammalshavebeenattachedasAnnexXXII,AnnexXXIVandAnnexXXVrespectively(Source:TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary,BiodiversityProfile,WWF-Pakistan,2014).

Likebirdsandmammals,theSanctuaryisalsorichinfishbiodiversity.Itnotonlyincludesallthecommerciallyimportantfishspeciesbutalsohasnumberof exoticspeciesknownfortheirecologicalandeconomicvalue.Similarly, there are certain rare species in Pakistan, which are also present atTBWS.Thedetailedlistof fishspeciesatSanctuaryhasbeenshownatAnnexXXI(Source:TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary,BiodiversityProfile,WWF-Pakistan,2014).

3.14. Ethnic ProfileMain language of the area is Saraiki. The area has a range of ethnic groupslikeBalochtribesincludingNutkhani,(KalatiBalochQaisrani,BuzdarNasuha,Malghani,KhetranandKulachi.Mostof thesetribes,includingNasuhaandMalghani,arepartof theNutkanitribe.Qaisraniisthe largest tribe. The Shirani, a collection of Pashtun tribes, migrated from BarkhanBaluchistantoTaunsaandKhawajaShahSulemancamefromDarugBalochistan.TheKulachitribecamefromKulachitehsilof KhyberPakhtunkhwa in 1867.

CHAPTER 4KEY FEATURES AND OPPORTUNITIES

TaunsaBarrageembodiesalargewaterreservoirandseriesof pondsand lakes between embankments. The core land area provides a typical ecosystem of riverine forest, which is the habitat of threatened species liketheHogDeer.Thewetlandisimportantduetolargevarietyof fish,reptiles,birdsandmammalsandespeciallyduetothepresenceof IndusRiverDolphin.TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryisaprotectedarealikefewotherprotectedareaslocatedalongRiverIndusconstitutingCentralIndusWetlandComplex.Realizingthewidevarietyof migratorywaterfowl,theSanctuarywasalsodeclaredasRamsarSitein1996.TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryisalsodesignatedasan“ImportantBirdArea”(IBA)bytheBirdlifeInternational.Itisalsoapotentialsiteforreintroductionof differentwildlifethatwereonceapartof theecosystem.Thepresenceof considerable wetland and Riverine forest provides an opportunity of having terrestrial as well as aquatic ecosystem in the same protected area.

4.1. Key Features4.1.1. Central Indus Wetlands ComplexTheIndusBasinRiverSystemdrainsoneof thelargestriverbasinsintheAsia. There are a number of barrages and several major dams constructed on this river system that provides the backbone to one of the largest irrigationsystemsof theworld.TheIndusRiver,inadditiontoasourceof water for wide range of uses is also home to a number of endangered speciesandthethreatenedriverinehabitat.Inordertoprotectthediversebiological resources and the associated threatened habitat, provincial governmentshavenotifiedanumberof protectedareasalongtheIndusRiver. A few of these areas are also Ramsar Sites and Wildlife Sanctuaries suchasChashmaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary,TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryandIndusDolphinReserve.Alltheseareasarepartof theCentralIndusWetlandComplex(CIWC).TheCIWCisapproximately708km long and varies in width from 9 to 23 km.

Thelocationof TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryintheoverallCIWCis one of the key features of the area, as several other wetlands are also partof theComplex.Theadjoiningfloodplainsof theSanctuaryareof immensesignificancefortheoverallecologyof theregion,whichprovidesanescapefromdisastersfromfloods.Theareaalsoprovidesanopportunityfor Climate Change mitigation and adaptation approaches. The area is rich in bird diversity with a combination of passerines and non-passerines birds like raptors, waterfowls and forest, mountain and desert dwellers. A total of 253speciesof birdsarereportedintheComplex,majorityof whicharemigratory. All or part of this migratory route is used by about 66 species

The Indus Basin River System drains one of the largest river basins in the Asia.


of birdsincludingseveralthreatenedTaxasuchasSarusCrane(GrusAntigone).

4.1.2. Indus River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica minor)TheCIWCsupportsmorethan95%of thesurvivingpopulationof theendangeredandendemicIndusRiverDolphin.TheIndusRiverDolphinisaglobalpriorityfreshwatercetacean,endemictotheIndusRiverSysteminPakistan.Itisaflagshipspeciesandisanindicatorforthebiologicalhealthof aquaticandterrestrialenvironmentadjoiningtheIndusRiverfromJinnahBarragetoKotriBarrage.Hence,itcanrightlybeconsideredasanimportant key feature of the Sanctuary.

TheIndusRiverDolphinswimsonitsside,enablingittomoveinwaterasshallowas30cm.AlthoughtheIndusRiverDolphin’seyeshasnotdevelopedalens(thisspeciesisalsoreferredtoasthe“blinddolphin”),itisstillabletodifferentiatebetweenlightanddark.Itreliesonecholocation(soundsensors)tofindprey,tonavigateandtocommunicatewithotherdolphins.TheIndusRiverDolphinweighs70-110kg.Themaximumsizerecorded is 2.5 m with males smaller than females.

TheIndusRiverDolphinnumbersvaryseasonallywiththewateravailability. The upstream and downstream populations are contiguous with the respective sub-populations viz., Chashma-Taunsa sub-population and Taunsa-Guddu sub-population. The dolphins within the Wildlife Sanctuary arenotisolatedandtheymoveseasonally.ThemostsignificantthreattodolphinintheIndushasbeentheconstructionof damsandbarragesthat have severely fragmented the population and reduced the amount of availablehabitat.Lessavailabilityof wateranditscatchduringfishingarealso the major threats to the surviving dolphin population.

4.1.3. Hog Deer (Axis porcinus)The Hog Deer (Axis porcinus)commonlyknownas“Parah”isoneof theimportantmammalsof riverineecosystem.Itshabitatisshrub-dominatedwetlands,artificialterrestrialplantationsandriverinearea.Historicalrecordindicated that there had been considerable population of Hog Deer in the TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary.Nevertheless,withthelossof riverinehabitat in the province, its population has declined and currently regarded asEndangeredasperIUCNstatuslist.Itspresenceinthecoreareamarkeditanimportantkeyfeatureof theTaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary.Hog Deer prefers dense forests with openings, often found in clearings, grasslands and occasionally wet grasslands, depending on the time of year andfooddistribution.Nocturnalinnature,theyprefergrazing.Typicalfoods include grasses, leaves and occasionally fruit. Food include: Saccharum spontaneum, Saccharum munja, Tamarix dioca, Populus euphratica and Zizyphus jujuba.

The population trend is decreasing due to combination of hunting habitat lossanddegradation.Itiseasiertohuntasitoccupiesopenhabitats,makingit more visible to hunters. Loss of wetland habitat to agriculture and urban developmentisanotherthreat.Itoccupiesareasthatarepronetosevereflooding.Itrequirestheabilitytomoveamonghabitatsduringwetseasons.

4.1.4. Ramsar SiteThe Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. The Ramsar Convention is the only global environment treaty that deals with a

The river Indus with the CIWC supports more than 95% of the surviving population of the endangered and endemic Indus Dolphin.

particular ecosystem. Despite the generally arid nature, Pakistan boasts about 780,000 ha of wetlands that correspond to 9.7% of its surface area. Currently, out of more than 225 wetlands on record in Pakistan, 19 have beeninternationallyrecognizedbytheRamsarConventionBureauasbeingof global importance so far.

Itisanimportantfeatureof TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuarythatit is included in the list of Ramsar Sites in Pakistan accepting and acknowledging its global importance. This wetland is important due to a largevarietyof fish,reptiles,birdsandmammalsandespeciallyduetothepresence of a variety of threatened species like the Hog Deer (Axis porcinus), IndusRiverDolphin(Platanista gangetica minor), Smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata), Marbel Teal (Marmaronetta angusirostris) and Spotted Pond Turtle (Geoclemys hamiltoni). The wetland is also an important breeding site for the Lesser Whistling Teal (Dendrocygna javanica), Ruddy Crake (Laterallus ruber)andPheasant-tailedJacana(Hydrophasianus Chirurgus). The Bar-headedgoose(anser Indicus), Ruddy Shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea), Painted Snipe (Rostratula benghalensis)andPallasFishingEagle(Haliaeetus leucoryphus) are other important species of the wetland. Grey Partridge (Francolinus pondicerianus),Quail(Coturnix coturnix),JunglePigeon,PurpleSunbird(Nectarinia asiatica), Laughing Dove (Streptopelia senegalensis) Red-collared Dove (Streptopelia tranquebarica),EurasianCollardDove(Streptopelia decaocto), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Spotted Owlet (Athene brama), Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula karmeri) and Crow Pheasant (Centropus sinensis). Other largemammalspeciesareJackal(Canis aureus), Cape Hare (Lepus capensis), IndianCrestedporcupine(Hystrix indica)andWildBoar(Sus scrofa).

4.2. Opportunities4.2.1. Presence of land and waterOutof totalareaof 6,569hectaresof TBWS,thecoreareaisapproximately2,834hectares.Unlikeother,protectedareas,theSanctuaryprovidesauniquecombinationof landandwater,whichisapproximatelyhalf of theareaineachcase.Itprovidessheltertodifferenttypesof terrestrial mammals, small mammals and reptiles and at the same time containsconsiderableaquaticbiodiversityintheriverflowingalongthelandarea. Therefore, it has a great potential for conservation and preservation of availableindigenousfloraandfaunainthearea.

4.2.2. Location of Core AreaThelandarea,whichisapproximatelyhalf of thetotalcoreareahasmainriver on its right side and creek on its left, providing natural barrier to the area. A small channel connecting the main river and the creek on the northern side of the core area formulates a natural boundary. The channel becomes wide with considerable amount of water in summer restricting the entryof localcommunitiesforexploitationof firewoodandgrazing.

4.2.3. Migratory RouteAtaglobalscale,flywaysof migratorybirdscanbedividedintothreemajorregions:theflywayof Americas,African–EurasianflywayandAsiaPacificflyway.TheAsiaPacificflywayincludesCentralAsianIndianFlyway,East–Asian–AustralianflywayandWestPacificflyway.TheCentralAsianFlyway (CAF) comprises several important grounds in Siberia. The famous route from Siberia to various destinations in Pakistan over Karakorum, HindukushandSuleimanrangesalongtheIndusriverdowntodeltaisknownasinternationalMigratoryBirdRouteNumber4,alsoknownasGreenRouteormorecommonlyIndusFlyway.TheTBWSfallsunderIndusFlywayroutewheremigratorybirdsstartscominginNovember,FebruaryispeaktimeandbyMarchtheystartflyingbackhome.Hence,the

Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary is included in list of Ramsar Sites


statusof TBWSbecomesmoreuniqueinasensethatithoststhemigratorybirdscomingtothisimportantwinteringgroundalongIndus.Someof theimportantmigratorybirdsvisitingTBWSincludeCommonpochard(Aythya ferina),Northernshoveler(Anas clypeata),Northernpintail(Anas acuta), Common teal (Anas crecca), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos),Eurasianwigeon(Anas penelope), Gadwal (Anas strepera), Ruddy shelcluck (Tadorna ferruginea) and Eurasiancurlew(Numenius arquata).

4.2.4. Prospective site for Siberian Crane (Grus leucogeranus)The Siberian Cranes are native to article Russia and Western Siberia. This critically endangered species is now only found in two populations, theeasternandwestern.ThewesternpopulationwintersinIranalongCaspianSeaandsomeindividualsformerlywinteredinIndiaandPakistan.The eastern population winters mainly in Poyang Lake area in China. Thelastdocumentedsightingof SiberianCraneinIndiawasduringthe winter month of 2002. Wintering habitats of this species are under constant pressure from the growing human population, thus posing threats likeagriculturedevelopment,wetlanddrainage,oilexploration,huntingand water development projects. The western population that used to visit Pakistan is primarily threatened by hunting whereas the eastern population is at risk from loss of wetland habitat. Siberian Crane is Critically Endangered(accordingtoIUCNRedList)withestimatedpopulationof 2,900 to 3,000.

a.ElevenstatesintheCranehistoricrange(Afghanistan,China,India, Iran,Kazakhstan,Pakistan,Turkmenistan,RussiaandUzbekistan)signedaMemorandumof UnderstandingundertheConventionof Migratory Species in the early 1990s and they develop conservation plans every three years.b.Itispointlesstorestorethepopulationsof SiberianCranesunlesstheir security can be provided along the migration route. Consequently, since 2002, Dr. George Archibald has traveled each winter to Afghanistan and Pakistan to work with colleagues on awareness programmes that they hope will eventually lead to safer conditions for Siberian Crane. Dr. Archibald is also cultivating relationships with colleagues in theUnitedArabEmirateswiththehopeof joiningforcetosupportthe conservation of cranes and bustard along migration corridors these large birds share in west Asia.

Nevertheless,theTBWSstillhavethepotential,providednecessarystrategies are developed both at national and international levels for its captive breeding and minimizing the threats encountered by the Cranes duringtheirover4,000milesflyingroutefromSiberiatoPakistanandfurthertoIndia.

4.2.5. Potential site for habitat restorationTBWShasagreatsocio-ecologicalsignificanceduetoitsdiversebiologicalresourcesandthedependentriverinecommunities.BiodiversityconservationatTBWSisabigchallengeduetoseveralfactors,mostsignificantly,thehumanpressureonthenaturalresources.Thecommunitiesare dependent on the Sanctuary resources not only for grazing their livestock,fuelwoodextraction,typhacutting,extensivefishingbutalsoforagricultural land through encroachment. A population of about 19,000 personslivingin1700householdsheavilyreliesontheextractionof naturalresources, mainly vegetation from the surrounding areas. The vegetation cover not only provide habitat for birds and mammals but also serves as a breeding area for certain resident birds and animals.

TBWS has a great socio-ecological significance due to its diverse biological resources and the dependent riverine communities.

TheinterventionsinTBWSmadeoveraperiodof timeweremostlyforstrengthening the watch and ward aspect with no attempt for halting the habitat destruction or its restoration. However, there is a great potential for restoration of habitat, especially in terms of improvement and enhancementof vegetationcover,throughartificialregenerationandprovidingalternateenergytothecommunities.Inaddition,thesoilhasconsiderable moisture as a result of inundation after monsoon season andagainlikelytobeinundatedinsubsequentsummerseason.Insucha situation there is an opportunity of reseeding the area with grass seeds and broadcasting of seed of trees species including planting of saplings of indigenousspecies.Therepeatedsupplementaryeffortsof artificialseedingfor few years will certainly yield result in shape of improved vegetation cover to mitigate the impact of grazing and fuelwood collection.

4.2.6. Potential site for re-introduction of wildlifeThe review of literature indicated that a fair population of gavial (Gavialis gangeticus) and crocodile (Crocodylus palustris)existedalongtheriverandmarshypondscommonlyknownas“dhands”(DistrictGazetteer,Muzaffargarh1929).Asaresultof cultivationinthepondareas,theland has been leveled with slim possibility of development of ponds after inundationbyannualfloods.Secondly,theconstructionof barrageduring1957 would have also restricted the possible movement of crocodiles apart fromanticipatedkillingof animaloveraperiodof time.Inviewof abovesituation,thepresenceof crocodilesinTBWScouldnotbewitnessed.Incasesomeeffortsareputinforreintroductionof thelocalspecies,thesiteprovides a great opportunity for revival of its population adding additional key feature in the Sanctuary area.

Asexplainedearlier,thefishcatchintheSanctuaryareaisacommercialactivitybeingcarriedoutbythePunjabFisheriesDepartment;therefore,theturtleswhencaughtinthefishingnetsaretakenupbythefishermancommunitiesforhavingeconomicvalueof theirbodyparts.Thefishercommunities also intentionally eradicate the omnivorous species of turtle toavoidfishconsumptionbythemintheriver.Thethreatstoallthefreshwater turtles include habitat destruction, well organized illegal trade, accidentalbycatchduringfishingactivities,cultivationinfloodplains,restriction on movement due to dams and barrages and inadequate law enforcement.However,despiteof allabovenarratedthreats,theTBWSprovides an opportunity for its organized reintroduction in the area.

Oneof theprimaryreasonsfordeclarationof TaunsaBarrageareaasaWildlifeSanctuarywastheconservationandprotectionof famousflagshipspecies of riverine forests, the Hog Deer. Lately, there is no formal census report available that could be considered as baseline data to monitor the trend of population in the area. Along with carrying out the population census, the option of introduction of more number of Hog Deer could be considered because the ideal habitat of the sanctuary provides an opportunity for its further propagation.

4.2.7. Land OwnershipThe protected areas are declared owing to the importance assigned to any typicalecosystemforprotectionandconservationof specificorgeneralfloraandfaunapresentnaturallyinthatarea.Attimes,suchareasarealsoadjacenttohumansettlementshavingstakesinthenotifiedareas.Thesecond situation arises when there is private ownership of land within the declaredarea,withlandusesconflictingwiththemanagementof protected

The review of literature transpired that their existed a fair population of gavial and crocodile along the river


area.Excludingthepracticeof temporarycultivationinthepondarea,the entire core area of the Sanctuary belongs to state without any legal proprietaryprivateland.Itisanopportunityforthemanagementagenciesto operate in the area through conducting various interventions and adoption of management strategies without being hampered by the issue of private holdings with acknowledged rights. The entire core area belongs to IrrigationDepartmentwithalegitimatecoverof WildlifeActunderwhichthe area has been declared as Sanctuary with various prohibition clauses for activitiesnotpermittedinthenotifiedareas.

4.2.8. Studies and SurveysThe process of declaration of protected area in Punjab is usually not based onanyscientificstudiesinthepresenceof whichspecificsiteisdeclaredasGameReserve,WildlifeSanctuaryorNationalPark.Itistheobservanceof general ocular trends and noticed reduction in population of local wildlife andexploitationof specificvegetation,whichpromptstheestablishmentof a protected area.

ItisagreatopportunityforTaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuarythatitwasapartof theCIWC,whichwasoneof thefourcomplexescoveredunderthe Pakistan Wetlands Programme, a project implemented by WWF-Pakistan during 2005 to 2012. The programme initiatives provided a much needed opportunity for the application of proven conservation technique and the development of innovative, regionally appropriate and sustainable approachestoaddresssite-specificissues.Lessonslearntduringtheprojectwere relevant for on going and future wetlands conservation initiatives both withinandoutsidePakistanforevaluationandapplicationtosimilareffortsin other regions and countries. Pakistan Wetlands programme worked well by aiming to promote equitable sharing of natural resources, awareness raising regarding the conservation of wetlands, diversifying livelihood, ensuring income generation opportunities, improving the income earning potential of stakeholder communities and creating incentives for sustainable wetlands management.

Theexperiences,lessonlearned,interventions,strategiesandresultsof interacting with communities under the Pakistan Wetlands Programme provides a great deal of opportunity for government agencies practically involvedintheoverallmanagementof wetlands,includingTaunsaBarrageWildlife Sanctuary.

Likewise, under the Pakistan Wetlands Programme, several baseline studies were conducted periodically by the teams of international statures including the socio-economic and environmental studies which otherwise could have costalotof expenditureforgovernmentagenciestocarryoutatitsown.These studies could serve in a considerable manner for future planning and management agencies dealing with the protection and conservation of the Wildlife Sanctuary.

WWF-Pakistan has also carried out census and surveys for waterfowl, small mammals,amphibiansandreptiles,largemammals,birds,fishandflorapresentintheTBWS.Thesereportsprovideabaselineandimportantreference in order to plan future management strategies for the Sanctuary inmorescientificway(Listof Annexes).Inthisregard,thepublicationof WWF-Pakistantitled“BiodiversityProfileof TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary”isanimportantandusefulreferencebook.

The process of declaration of protected area in Punjab is usually not based on any scientific studies

4.2.9. Potential for eco-tourismThelocationof TBWSprovidesauniqueopportunityfortouristindustry.The natural resources have a great potential for development of eco-tourism inthearea.WWF-PakistanhasalreadyestablishedTaunsaInformationCenterattheBarrage,whichcouldbeconsideredasafirstseedsowninthisregard.ThecentercanfurtherbedevelopedintoTouristInformationCenter. The launching of Dolphin Safari by WWF-Pakistan is another intervention catching the attraction of people who intend to travel on boatinmightyIndustowitnessDolphin.Thebirdwatching,amateurfishing,boating,picnicsitesandcampingcouldbepracticalinterventionfor tourism. Likewise, other activities can be undertaken for recreational purpose, associating the same with local population for their livelihood. Another option could be the souvenir shop of arts and crafts prepared bythefishermancommunityforencouragingtheircottageindustry.Inorder to provide such facilities, the Tourism Development Corporation of Punjab can be taken on board for short and long term plans for the tourism industry in the province.

The location of TBWS provides a unique opportunity for tourist industry.


The presence of Hog Deer population in the island, which could rightly be termed as Riverine Forest

Chapter 5 SITUATION ANALYSIS

TheTaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuarywasfistnotifiedunderthePunjabWildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management) (Amendment) Act, 2007 during 1972. Since 1972, until current year, the notificationwasrevisedwithchangesintotalarea.Likewise,thegroundrealities and management interventions made during this period also resultedindifferentscenarios.Thenaturaldisasterinshapeof floodsinRiverIndusalsohadimpactontheSanctuary.Inviewof above,itis imperative to have an overall situation analysis of the area before formulating the management plan.

5.1. Status of protected area since establishment TaunsaBarragewasdeclaredasaWildlifeSanctuaryin1978overanareaof 6,569hectares.Thetotalnotifiedareacanbedividedintothreedifferentparts,therightandleftsidepondareas,theareaunderriverIndusandtheisland between both pond areas. The Hog Deer population is mainly in the island. Prior to 1978, the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department had no role in the area but with the declaration of area as a Wildlife Sanctuary, the Department became custodian for managing wildlife species and their habitat. However, as in the case of other wildlife protected areas in the province, much of the management revolved around the protection, control of huntingandlawenforcement.Noseriousandpersistenteffortsweremadetoimprovethehabitatformaximalproliferationof thespeciesof concern or the health of ecosystem functioning. The situation remained the sameexceptchangesinthenotifiedareawithfewdevelopmentactivitiesand that too on non-sustainable basis that are discussed ahead in the past system of the management.

5.2. Past Land useThe management of the Wildlife Sanctuary can be divided into four eras, from1978to1999,1999to2002,2002to2008and2013.EarlieritwasacommonpracticebytheIrrigationDepartmenttosaleoutthe“Sarkanda”(Saccharum)and“Koondar”(Typha angustata) crop through open auction as a source of revenue collection. With the declaration of area as a Wildlife Sanctuary, the practice of annual auction was stopped. However, harvesting of theseproductsdidnotstopaltogetherandtheexploitationof bothof these continued through illegal means and the practice persists until today. Someof theharvestof “Sarkanda”and“Koondar”however,isgoingonundertheprotectionof influentiallocallandlordsandtheirfunctionarieswho get their share from earning through selling of these products. As mentioned earlier at the time of its declaration as protected area in 1978, it covered an area on either side and the area under river bed. At that time, the entire pond area and part of island would go on temporary lease for

cultivationbythePunjabIrrigationDepartmentbeingtheownerof theentirearea.Itwasdeclaredasprotectedareaasaresultof powerfulpoliticalinfluenceof MalikGhulamMustafaKhar,theLandlordof theareaandthe former Governor of Punjab Province, prohibiting the leasing of area forcultivation.Eventhoughthereexistedabanonleasingof pondareabut practically it continued in selective and restricted environment in a non-officialmannerwithoutformalroleof PunjabIrrigationDepartment.Nevertheless,thedeclarationasprotectedarealedtothedevelopmentof nativeRiverinescrubandassociatedwildlifepopulation.Butwiththelack of interest of the Khar family, people restarted clearing the scrub and cultivation of agriculture crops.

The second era starts from 1999 when mainly on political grounds, an area of 3,735acreswerede-notifiedoutof 6,569hectaresof thetotalareaof theSanctuary.Thisledtoexclusionof pondareasoneithersidesof corearea/islandwithmultipleintentionsincludingavoidinglegalconflictsinleasingout the area for agricultural purposes and again regulating the temporary leasesthroughIrrigationDepartment.

Thethirderastartingfrom2002hadimpactnotonlyatTaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuarybutalsoatvariouspondareasof differentbarrages,whenallof themwerenotifiedasprotectedareasthroughanotificationissuedbythePunjabIrrigationDepartment.However,thenotificationdidnotcontaintheinformationpertainingtoexactareasateachbarrage.ItwasfurtherclarifiedinthenotificationthattheIrrigationDepartmentwoulddiscontinue the (Annual and three year) leasing of all the pond areas and hencetherewouldbenolegalleaseafter2005(AnnexXII).

Thefourthandthecurrenterastartfromtheissuanceof notificationin2008bytheIrrigationDepartmenttransferringtheadjacentpondareaof 3,735 hectares to Wildlife Department. Although, by the issuance of abovenotification,theareaunderthemanagementof WildlifeDepartmentagain became 6,569 hectares but the Department has to issue a subsequent notificationfor6,569hectaresinsuppressionof itsearliernotification2004, in which the area under Sanctuary was 2,834 hectares. Since 2008 to date, Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department had undertaken a chain of correspondence with the Secretariat as well as with the irrigation Departmentindicatingthatthepondareasnotifiedasprotectedareaswerenotfreefromincumbency.TheWildlifeDepartmentalsoexpresseditsinabilitytoretrievetheareasincludingTaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryfrom temporary cultivation by the lessees despite several attempts made with the assistance of local administration and police at various barrages.

5.3. Current land useIntheprocessof preparationof currentManagementPlanforTaunsaBarrage,anareaof 6,569hectareshasbeenidentifiedwiththehelpof satelliteimagesforconsiderationandfreshnotificationbytheWildlifeDepartment for declaring it as Wildlife Sanctuary (MAP 4).

5.3.1. Land Classification Thetotalareahasbeendividedintotwocategoriesi.e.BufferZoneandCorearea.TheCoreareaidentifiedonthemapconstitutesapproximately2,834 hectares including the island and the adjacent area under the river, whileBufferZonecovers3,735hectaresonthreesidesof Corearea.

5.3.2. Core AreaThe core area is marked with dotted line on the map with a boundary running almost parallel to riverbank on the western side and touching the

In the process of preparation of current Management Plan for Taunsa Barrage, an area of 16,225 acres has been identified with the help of satellite images


barrage on the southern side. On the eastern side, the boundary of core area starts from village Metal and ends at the barrage in south along with the eastern side of the creek running between core and pond area. The northern boundary of the core area is natural check connecting the main riverandthesmallcreekof flowingontheeasternside.Thecreekiscrossedby the cattle and local population coming from a settlement named as LoomberWalaforgrazingandcollectionof fuelwood.Insummer,thecreekusuallyswellsandbecomesanaturalbarrierrestrictingtheinfluxof cattleinthe core area.

Thewesternsideof coreareaisusuallyvulnerabletofloods.Map1indicatesthearea,whichwaserodedduringthefloodsinOctober2013.However,thethreatsof landerosionbythefloodwaterinthecreekoneasternsideisnotverypronounced.Intheproposedcorearea,somepartof the downstream river area across the barrage has also been included for carrying out rescue work for wildlife struck at barrage during high water flowandalsotorestricthuntingof theseanimals.

5.3.3. Eastern Pond AreaThe eastern part of pond area falls between a creek of river (by-river) and LeftMarginalBund.TherearethreespursdevelopedbytheIrrigationDepartmentintheareanamelySpur–T1,Spur-T2,Spur-T3uptoHockey Spur towards north. The area is by and large under cultivation in winterseasonexceptforfewnaturalpondsontheeithersideof Spur–T3and Hockey Spur. The nearest access to the Core Area from barrage is from Spur-T1, from where the width of creek is minimal and could be crossed on boat with a distance of not more than 100 m. According to the historic information received from the communities, the pond area has alwaysbeenundercultivationeitherthesamewasincludedorexcludedinvariousnotificationsof TBWS.Inthisregard,thestronginfluenceof locallandlords had always been the decisive factor and without their permission, such land use could not be permitted.

Thereissmall-scatteredsettlementinthepondareaknownasBaitLoomberWalawithanestimatedpopulationof approximately3,000people.Thepeople of this settlement have cultivated the land on the northern side of core areas across the creek. The members of this community release their cattle for grazing inside core area of the Sanctuary and collect fuelwood intheshapeof drysticksandbranchesof Lai(Tamarix).However,duringhighfloodsinsummertheymoveacrosstheLeftMarginalBund.TheareaacrosstheLeftMarginalBundisnotinthepondareawherepeopleevengetmore than two agriculture crops, while the average land holding is not more than 4-5 acres.

5.3.4. Western Pond AreaThewesternpondareafallsbetweenthemainIndusRiverandRightMarginalBund.Attwoplaces,thepondareaalsocoverssomepartof adjacent district of Dera Ghazi Khan. There is a large water body at the extremesouthernboundarypointatBurji17,whereeveninwinterseasonwater is usually present over couple of acres. Similarly, while moving over the Spur-1, number of big natural pond could be noticed covered with Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)andnetsof localfishermen.Thepopulationoverwestern pond area is less compared to eastern pond area, but the land use intheshapeof fragmentedagriculturefielddominatestheentirearea.Similarly, the pressure in shape of Typha and fuelwood collection by the communitiesacrossrightMarginalBundisalsolessduetolessernumberof settlementsacrosstheBund.

The western side of core area is usually vulnerable to floods.

5.4. Past System of Management and Interventions Since the establishment of the Sanctuary, the overall management objectives revolved around enforcement of prohibition conditions of Section16of WildlifeActunderwhichtheareawasnotifiedasaSanctuary.However,feweffortsweremadeinisolationandinpiecemealfashiontoaddressdifferentissuespertainingtoprotectionandconservationof wildlifein the area discussed as under:

a.Thefirstinitiativewastheimplementationof atwo-yeardevelopmentscheme“Developmentof PondAreainTaunsaBarrageasaGameSanctuary”.ItwasimplementedbythePunjabWildlifeDepartmentduring 1976-77 and 1997-98 with a total cost of Rs. 0.462 million. The major works under this scheme included demarcation of area, maintenance of boundary, clearance and maintenance of inspection pathsandfirelines,fencearoundcrocodileanddolphinbreedingstock:oneacreearthenmounds6’inheightand6roomedquarters.

The performance evaluation of the scheme is not available with the Department.Therefore,nothingcanbeconcludedwithconfidenceregardingitsimpactsonthefloraandfaunaof theSanctuaryandtowhatextentthephysicaltargetswereachieved.Aftercompletionof thescheme, the structures were not maintained properly and as a result, depleted structures can be seen at site.

b. The second initiative was taken by the Punjab Wildlife Department in 1991-92throughadevelopmentprojecttitled“Developmentof TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary”withatotalcostof Rs.0.40millionapproximatelytowardspartialachievementsof theobjectivesof theSanctuary.Underthescheme,4watchtowersand4checkpostswereconstructedwhichwereultimatelydeterioratedduetoheavyfloodsandcurrently only nonusable structures are present at site.

c. Wetlandsaresignificantfortheirecological,hydrological,socialandeconomic values. Functioning wetlands can be a critical part of the environment as they support high level of biological productivity and diversity,providehabitatforfloraandfauna.TheTBWScomprisesof considerable size of wetland in the shape of river stretching from barrageupwardupto10kmof length.TheTBWSisanimportantwetland, which was designated as a Ramsar Site in 1996 due to its high ecological importance and presence of a large number of waterfowl species, both resident and migratory. The use of this wetland as a staging ground for the migratory birds has made it a site of global significanceandiswellrecognized.

d. The fourth intervention was for the better protection and conservation of TBWS.AnMoUwassignedbetweenPunjabWildlifeDepartmentandWWF-PakistanduringJuly,2011entitledas“PondAreaProtectionandConservationProject”(AnnexXIII).UndertheMoU,ajointprojectwasimplementedwiththefinancialassistanceof Rs.3.74million provided by the WWF-Pakistan to Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department who acted as an implementing partner. The project provided additional human resource for protection of wildlife in the areaincluding01WildlifeInspector,11WildlifeWatchersand2BoatMen.ThestaffwasrecruitedoncontractualbasisandexclusivelydeployedatTaunsaBarrage.Thecontractof employeeswithWWF-Pakistanendedattheterminationof projectperiodon30thJune2013.Apartfromthewatchandward,thestaffdeployedwerealsosuppliednecessaryequipmentandmachinerytofacilitatetheireffective

Wetlands are significant for their ecological, hydrological, social and economic values. Functioning wetlands can be a critical part of the environment


patrollingintheSanctuaryarea.Itwasimportanttoobservethatduetoprovisionof additionalstaff,logisticandequipmenttheefficiencyof protectionregimewasenhanced.Thestaffsentmorethan250Challansin the court against encroachments and illegal hunting during the project period.

e. TheWWF-PakistanalsoimplementedaGEFfunded07yearnationalprojecttitled“PakistanWetlandsProgramme”from2005to2012,underwhichapartfromthreeotherwetlandcomplexes,theCentralIndusWetlandsComplexwasalsoincluded.Theprojectaimedatimprovingwetlandareaof CentralIndus,especiallytheRamsarSiteof TaunsaBarragebyimplementingdifferentmanagementinterventionsand addressing the communities along the area for reducing the pressure on local natural resources. One of the important outcomes of theprojectwasestablishmentof TaunsaInformationCentreestablishedatbarrage.Inthisregard,atripartiteMoUwasalsosignedamongWWF-Pakistan,PunjabIrrigationDepartmentandPunjabWildlifeDepartment, as the land and building was provided by the Punjab IrrigationDepartment(AnnexXIV).WWF-PakistanhaswellequippedInformationCentreatTaunsathroughvariousexhibitsandpublicitymaterial for creating awareness among the general public about the importanceof floraandfaunaof theSanctuaryingeneralandIndusDolphin in particular. The Center has played a pivotal role in educating the visitors and highlighting the values of a protected area since its establishment.

f. ThelatestinterventionatTBWSisaprojecttitled“ImprovingLivelihoodof FisherCommunitiesinCentralIndus,PakistanagainbeingimplementedbyWWF-Pakistanwiththefinancialassistanceof DFIDunderitswindowof “GlobalPovertyActionFund(GPAF).The project spread over a period of three years (2012-2015) for the entire500kmlongstretchof CentralIndus,includingTaunsaBarrage,focusing at improving the livelihood of at least 1,700 households of fishermenfortheirsocio-economicupliftandreducingpressureof consumption of local natural resources. Another objective of theprojectistoimprovemanagementof CentralIndusWetlandsComplex’sprotectedareasincollaborationwithallpublicandprivatestakeholdersthroughestablishmentof localCBOsandassociatedexistingNGOsintheComplex.

5.5. Local Communities and CBOsThe Sanctuary is an important source of livelihood for local people who meet their daily subsistence needs through various uses. Having scarcity of thediversifiedlivelihoodoptionsinthefaceof risingpoverty,localpeopleillegallyextractmaximumresourcese.g.timber,fuelwood,fish,NonTimberForestProducts(NTFP)andforagetofulfilltheirdomesticandotherneedsbyearningmoneythroughsaleof theextractedresources.Inaddition, lack of such opportunities in the region has led to a great increase in subsistent hunting amongst the local people. The situation continued to be un-addressed for the last several years. This has degraded the ecological integrity of the Sanctuary.

The role of communities in the overall planning and management of resources of Sanctuary is limited. The respective line Departments have not included custodian communities in decision making during planning process forTBWSinthepast.

The WWF-Pakistan also implemented a national project title “Pakistan Wetlands Programme” from 2005 to 2012

5.6. Floods at Taunsa BarrageAtTaunsaBarrage,theIndusRiverhasthreemainchannelsi.e.thewestern arm called Puran Channel, the main river in the central and the eastern arm called Hassan Wah Channel. The barrage was originally located and constructed on dry land outside the river towards the eastern bank.Theareaforconstructionof Barragewasencircledbyanearthenpolygon to keep it dry throughout the construction period of three years. TheIndusRiverisanincisedriverandhasmeanderingtendencylikeotheralluvialrivers.Italwayskeepchangingitscourse,makingandbreakingoldloops.Sinceconstructionof Barrage,theriverhasbeentoflowthoughtheBarragebyarrestingthemeanderingtrendatthislocation.Thisintervention causes the river to change its morphology both on the upstream and downstream sides.

Thehistoricdataof dischargeatTaunsaBarragefrom1958to2012hasbeengivenatAnnexXV,indicatingdateandmonthdischargeunderfourdifferentcategoriesi.e.low,medium,highandveryhigh.Theperusalof above information revealed that since 1958 (54 years), there were 20 incidencesof highfloodwhenthemaximumdischargewasbetween500,000cusecsto600,000cusecs,whilethreefloodswereexperiencedasvery high during this period especially during 1958, 1976 and 1992 when themaximumdischargewasnotedbetween650,000cusecsto750,000cusecs.ThehighestfloodatTaunsaBarragewasverydevastatingwhichtookplacein2010whenthemaximumdischargeevencrossed1,000,000cusecs.

5.6.1. Floodplains

5.6.2. Climate Change and Disaster Risks

5.7. Role of Government DepartmentsThe Government Departments operating in the area with regard to managementof resourcesaremainlyWildlife,FisheriesandIrrigation.As far as issues related to management of vegetation and habitats are concerned, the relevant agency is Punjab Forest Department but presently thereisnoroleof theDepartmentbecausetheentirecoreandbufferzoneisownedbythePunjabIrrigationDepartment.Itisalsothereasonthatthematterof illegalremovalof fuelwoodandotherNTFPsaredealtunderPunjab Wildlife Act and not by the Punjab Forest Act (Amended) 2010. The brief description and practical role of the relevant department is discussed

The Government Departments operating in the area with regard to management of resources are mainly Wildlife, Fisheries and Irrigation Departments.


as under:5.7.1. Punjab Irrigation DepartmentTheTaunsaBarrage,tothelargeextentisbeingmanagedbyPunjabIrrigationDepartment.Itisresponsibleforthemaintenanceof Barragestructure,canalemanatingfromtheBarrageandtheirrigationsystem.TheDepartment is also responsible for making necessary contingency plan for floodmanagementof annualfloodfightingplan.TaunsaBarrageDivisionunderthecontrolof ExecutiveEngineeriscomprisedof threesub-divisions:HeadWorksSub-Division,BundSubDivisionandWorkshopSubDivision,eachheadedbyaSubDivisionalOfficer.ItisthelargestDepartmentattheTaunsabarragewithatotalstaffstrengthof 90professionalsworkingindifferentcapacities.

ThelandincludedintheSanctuaryofficiallybelongstoPunjabIrrigationDepartment who is authorized to lease the land even within the Sanctuary. Ontheotherhand,theSanctuaryisnotifiedunderthePunjabWildlifeAct and the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department is considered to be responsible for its management without having any proprietary rights overtheland.ThePunjabIrrigationDepartmentbeingownerof theareaandemployerof themaximumnumberof staffenjoysmaximuminfluenceandmayoverrulethefunctionsof otherDepartments.However,theDepartmentrarelyinflictedtheirauthoritytocontroltheaccessandregulate the use of Sanctuary resources. According to the communities, the PunjabIrrigationDepartmentisthemostinfluentialstakeholdersasitalsocontrolsfishingnearbarrageandplacerestrictiononboatscrossingthebarrage. Likewise, the Department can also play its role for control of wood cutting,butpracticallyspeakingnosuchauthorityisbeingexercisedbytheDepartment.

5.7.2. Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department With the declaration of area as a Wildlife Sanctuary, Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department became a partial custodian of the area for managing wildlifespeciesandtheirhabitat.ThereisnoseparatewildlifestafffortheSanctuary.TheDistrictWildlifeOfficer,Muzaffargarhpostsasmanystaffmembers as he considers appropriate to maintain a balance between the availablestaffandtheprotectionrequirementof thearea.TheexistingstaffasonFebruary2013isshowninBox1.Theoverallmanagementof the Department is supervised at civil division level by the Deputy Director Wildlife stationed at Dera Ghazi Khan. The Department issues Challans mainlyundercategoriesi.e.illegalremovalof firewoodandotherNTFPand illegal cultivation. Although the Department on account of illegal cultivation issues several Challans but the matter of fact is that the pond areas were never handed over to Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department free of incumbency. The pond areas are always under agriculture crop either theywereincludedorexcludedfromthenotifiedareaordespitethefactthecultivationisprohibitedundersection16of thePunjabWildlifeAct.Inthe above circumstances, the Department seems to develop a compromise becauseatseveraloccasionsthelocallandlordsalsoinfluencethecultivationof pond area against which the Department becomes helpless.

Nonetheless,asinthecaseof otherwildlifeprotectedareasintheprovince,much of the management revolved around the protection, control of huntingandlawenforcement.Noseriousandpersistenteffortsweremadetoimprovethehabitatformaximalproliferationof thespeciesof concernor the overall condition of the ecosystem. The number of initiatives, which were taken in the past in the Sanctuary area, has been already discussed at 5.4 of this chapter, but could not be sustained due to non-provision of

There is no separate wildlife staff for the sanctuary.

adequate funds and resources.Weak law enforcement is mainly attributed to shortage of equipment and untrainedstaff.TheSanctuaryalsolacksfinancialsupporttoenablebetterenforcementpracticesthroughstaffemployment,trainingandprovisionof equipmentandtransport.Thestaffhastotravelconsiderabledistancesevery day without adequate funds provided to them to meet the cost of fuel. The single boat available with Department is also non-functional. The long-termfinancialsecurityof theSanctuaryseemstodismalinthefaceof shortageof resourcestofinancethestaff,theirtrainingandprovisionof transport and other communication mechanisms and support.

Box 1: Existing staff of Wildlife Department at TBWS

5.7.3. Punjab Fisheries DepartmentOneof themajorstakeholdersfunctioningintheareaintermsof finan-cialgainisthePunjabFisheriesDepartment.Itexertstheleastinfluenceintheaffairsof theSanctuaryamonggovernmentagencies,astheirpowerisconsideredtoberestrictedtotheawardandoverseeingthefishingcon-tractsonly.Beyondthis,theirformalmandatetoinfluencefishingpracticesis observed to be selected and based on isolated cases of enforcement by impositionof fines.Thesecondimportantfunctionsof thePunjabFisheriesDepartmentisreplenishmentof theBarrageareathroughannualstockingof commerciallyimportantfishseedinordertoincreasetheproductivityandtoobtainmaximumrevenuethroughauctionof fishingrights.

Punjab Fisheries Department receives revenue from two sources. Firstly, the river/barrage/areaisauctionedtoacontractforfishharvestinginthemainbarrageareasaswelldifferentwetlandsdevelopedasaresultof floodsafter summer. Secondly, the Department issues annual angling licenses for fishcatchwiththehelpof fishingrodforRs.300/-perlicensefortheentireprovince. The revenue obtained from both the activities during last three yearsisshowninBox2.However,thelicenses,whichareissuedlocallyusuallycatchfishatthebarrageandtheaveragenumbersis1,500licensesperannum.TheviolatorswithregardtofishingaredealtunderPunjabFisheries Ordinance 2001. The Challans issued by the Department mainly pertainsforfishingwithoutlicenseandnegligibleagainstanycontractor.TheDepartmentapprisedthatalthoughthereexistsanissueof useof illegalnetstocatchsmallsizefishbutnoChallansregardingthisoffencewasonrecord.Thedetailof Challansissuedduring2012-13andfromJuly,2013toJanuary,2014areenclosedasAnnexureXVI.Theexistingstaffof PunjabFisheriesDepartmentisshowninBox3.

Box 2: Revenue obtained by Punjab Fisheries Department

Generally speaking most of the protected areas in Pakistan are subject to extraction of natural resources by local people to meet their livelihood needs





FLOOD LIMIT






4. Boatman 1 1

Activity 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14







3. Fish Watcher 1 2

4. Fish Baildar 1 6





FLOOD LIMIT






4. Boatman 1 1

Activity 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14







3. Fish Watcher 1 2

4. Fish Baildar 1 6


Box 3: Existing staff of Punjab Fisheries Department

5.8. Socio-economic assessmentGenerally speaking most of the protected areas in Pakistan are subject to extractionof naturalresourcesbylocalpeopletomeettheirlivelihoodneeds. These areas are considered to be common property for poor and marginalized communities. The socio-economic baseline study conducted by WWF-Pakistan (2006) revealed that human impacts on the Sanctuary stemfrombothdirectuseof itsresourcesandindirectactivitiesinthebufferareas,whichareleadingtopervasiveeffects.

The reliance on fuelwood for heating and cooking purpose is more in case of non-agriculture families as compared to agriculture families who supplement the fuelwood with agriculture residues. Fishing is a major activity in the Sanctuary where two contracts are auctioned by the Punjab FisheriesDepartmentforfishharvesting.Aconsiderablenumberof peopleareengagedasasub-contractorintheexecutionof boththecontracts.Inaddition,migrantfishermenfromSindhalsoincreasethenumberof fishermenintheareaonaseasonalbasisencampedalongtheriverand channels. Fishing also takes place on a subsistence basis by farming householdsmainlyduringthewetseason.Theysometimessellfishasasupplemental source of income.

The indiscriminate cutting of Typha, Saccharum and Tamarix spp. is also common in the Sanctuary while piles of this harvested material can be noticed in settlements. The produce is used to make mats, baskets and other household items. They are also a source of supplemental income formostfishinghouseholds.TheotherNTFPsharvestedbythepeopleof surrounding area as well temporary settlers are roots and seed of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)flowerswhichgrowabundantlyonpondsandlakes.Apartfrom other direct human impact discussed above, the most devastating is the gazing of cattle in the core Sanctuary area. Few hundreds of cattle can be noticed grazing frequently in the area coming from northern side of the Sanctuary, particularly from the Loomber Wala village. The grazing pressure increases after monsoon when the rains are received and vegetation is available for cattle for grazing.

Thepondareas,whicharemeantforreceivingoverflowof riverduringfloodcondition between the right and left marginal bunds, are cultivated by the surrounding populationunderthepoliticalinfluence.Usuallyonecropof wheatisobtainedfromthe area and rarely the second crop in shape of oil seeds and vegetable or fodder. Some elements among the local people are also associated as a guide to hunter coming from other areas. They also sell migratory birds to the visitors as well in the market, which are caught within the Sanctuary area or obtained from neighbouring Sanctuary at ChashmaBarrage.

ThecommunitiesfromLoomberWalareapthemaximumbenefitsoutof theSanctuary’sresourcesfollowedbythefishermencommunitiesresidingmainlyinBastiSheikhan. The residents of Loomber Wala being nearest to the Sanctuary area have theimmediateaccesstotheSanctuary’sresources.Boththesettlementshavethelargestuseintermsof numberof people/household.TheinfluentiallandownershavetheunlimitedaccesstotheSanctuary’sresourcesirrespectiveof thequantumof resourceuse by themselves.





FLOOD LIMIT






4. Boatman 1 1

Activity 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14







3. Fish Watcher 1 2

4. Fish Baildar 1 6

The indiscriminate cutting of Typha, Saccharum and Tamarix Spp is also common in the sanctuary

CHAPTER 6ISSUES AND THREATS

Likewiseotherprotectedarea,TBWSisnoexceptionregardingconflictinginterestsinthearea.Themultiplelandusebecomesmorecomplexinsuchareaswherethereexiststerrestrialaswellasaquaticecosystems.Thelandscapeprovidesdifferentopportunitiesintermsof habitattowildlifebutatthesametime,theunsustainableuseof existingnaturalresourceposethreatstotheoverallecosystemof thearea.Theconflictinginterests,issuesandthreatsof TBWSarediscussedbelow:

6.1. Issues and Threats6.1.1. Cultivation Limited cultivation is practiced inside the Sanctuary area but it is widely practiced just outside. This cultivation mainly is by the farmers whose lands were acquired at the time of construction of the barrage in the eastern and westernregionsof theSanctuaryarea.Intheeasternregion,thecultivationis more widespread as compared to the other parts of the Sanctuary.

The members of Hinjrah tribe have been cultivating a considerable proportion of the land within the core zone of the Wildlife Sanctuary to grow maize, millets, peas and gram for their livestock. For this purpose, they haveclearedoffthenaturalvegetation.Thishasbeenalteringthenaturalecosystem, degrading wildlife habitat, leading to the invasion of alien species and causing many more adverse environmental impacts (e.g. agro-chemical pollution). Local people are also encroaching area under wetland for increasing agricultural lands during low water regimes especially areas aroundtheBarrage.

6.1.2. Human Resource and its skills for law enforcementDuetolackof technicalstaffavailablefortheprotectionof theSanctuary,lack of necessary training skills and resources, and most importantly the lack of political will, there is little improvement in the natural resources of the sanctuarydespiteseveralconservationefforts.

Ontheotherhand,firesbreakoutinthecorezoneduringpremonsoonand summer seasons and often destroy precious riparian vegetation and wildlife.Fishingistotallycommercialintheareapermittingthefishermentocatchasmuchfishastheycanevenusingillegalfishingnets,ways,andtimings. Though laws are there to restrict over-harvesting of resources but weak enforcement has been a constant threat to its ecological integrity.

6.1.3. Re-defining the area and boundary of TBWSTheextentandconfigurationof protectedareasshouldbebasedoninformation on resident and migratory wildlife, movement patterns,

Limited cultivation is practiced inside the Sanctuary area but widely practiced just outside.


suitability of available habitat for aquatic wildlife and potential for reducing threats.ThealreadydefinedareafortheSanctuaryneedstoberevisitedandre-notifiedaccordingly,asproposedinthePlan.

6.1.4. Fuelwood collection FuelwoodextractionfromtheWildlifeSanctuarybythesurroundingcommunitiesisacontinuousproblemastheareaisdeficientinalternatesourcesof fuelandfreefuelwoodisreadilyavailableatTBWS.Fuelwoodused by the people living in the periphery of Wildlife Sanctuary is Tamarix dioca (Lai),Tamarix aphylla (Ghaz), Saccharum spontaneum (Kana), Saccharum bengalensis (Sarkanda), and Acacia nilotica (Kikar). Animal droppings are the other source of energy used by these dependent communities. The most preferred fuelwood is dry sticks of Ghaz. Fuelwood of Kikar is collected both from the Sanctuary and from farmlands, for free. Average use of fuelwood per household is from 800-1,000 kg per month in winter and 400-600 kg in summer. They warm their houses by burning sticks of Ghaz alongwithKana.Illicitcuttingof forestsfortimberandfuelwoodisseverelyaffectingthehabitatof theSanctuarythatinturn,adverselyaffectstheoverall habitat of wildlife.

6.1.5. Responsibilities of Government DepartmentsDespite the controls levied by the Punjab Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and management) Act 1974, the Wildlife Sanctuary has been discriminatelyexploitedbothforsubsistenceandcommercialpurposes,which is the direct result of a confused state of resource ownership and ambiguity in the roles and responsibilities of various government agencies. Interestingly,PunjabIrrigationDepartmenthasbeenleasingthelandandPunjabFisheriesDepartmentisissuingfishingcontractswithintheSanctuary area without any consultation with the custodian Punjab Wildlife & Parks Department.

6.1.6. Grazing Most of the people living in the neighbouring villages own sheep, goats,cows,andbuffaloes.TheygenerallygrazetheirlivestockinsidetheSanctuaryandalongthebanksof RiverIndus,canalsandspurs.Consequently, there is a heavy pressure of grazing and fuelwood cutting in the Sanctuary. A herd of about 50 livestock heads was observed in a farmsteadsituatedinsidetheSanctuary.Moreover,5-10herds,eachof 50–100 livestock heads from the adjacent villages graze freely in the core zone of theSanctuary.Suchunrestrictedgrazinghasbeenbadlyaffectingtheecology and its productivity that is otherwise a vital habitat for Hog deer.

6.1.7. Illegal hunting / trappingHunting is probably one of the most crosscutting issues in the protected areas. The species most commonly hunted at the Sanctuary are waterfowl, partridgesandHogDeer.Unlessthehuntingisforsubsistence,eliteclasswho see themselves above the laws of the relevant department carries out mostformsof thesport.Illegalhuntingisreportedtobecarriedoutbylocallandlords, their guests or workers.

Sport hunting of waterfowl is also on the rise in the area. Hunting is done by gun shooting and by netting. Most of the local people work for the influentiallandlordsof theareaandkillducksruthlessly.Migratorybirdsare also trapped and sold locally.

6.1.8. Non-timber forest produceTheSanctuaryresourcesasexploited/utilizedbythepopulationinorder

Fuelwood extraction from the Wildlife Sanctuary by the surrounding communities is a continuous problem

to satisfy their basic needs providing them the livelihood. The unsustainable harvest, as is the practice, may lead to disastrous socio-ecological consequences in the long run.

Besidestimberandfuelwoodconsumption,thevegetationfromTaunsaBarrageisusedtomakebaskets,huts,brooms,housewalls,mats,ropesand twines, sticks of hand fans, roofs of their houses, animal fodder and as vegetable Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and wild fruit.

Lai sticks are mainly used for making baskets and sticks for hand fans. Sarkanda and Kai are used to prepare temporary house walls, thatching of roofs of their houses, brooms and as animal fodder. Similarly, local people makefoot-mats,rugs,ropeandtwinesetc.byextensivelyusingKoondar.Koondar is mainly collected from the pond areas both inside and outside of the Sanctuary area where grows the thick vegetation. Lotus seed collection is common in the area. Generally, lotus seeds and the roots stock are collectedfromSeptembertoNovemberandaresoldin themarketsof Multan,DGKhan,MuzaffargarhandKotAddu.Thereisalsohoneyextraction.

6.1.9. Introduction of exotic speciesManyspeciesof fish(Tilapia,CommonCarp,GrassCarp,SilverCarp,BigHeadCarp)havebeenintroducedincarpsof Pakistanthusreducingtheir populations. Reason being that Tilapia is a proliferate breeder and its populationincreasesenormously.Itsrapidincreaseinpopulationputsthelocal species in a strong competition for food and breeding grounds causing decline in their population.

6.1.10. Illegal fishingOverfishingiscommonlypracticedintheareaandthefishermencatchfisheven during the breeding season. This is due to the inadequate capacity of therespectivedepartmentstopromotesustainablefisheriesmanagement.Thelegalmeshsizeallowedforfishingis1.5inches.Inordertocollectmoreandmorefish,thefishermenillegallyusenetsof smallermeshsizestomaximizetheircatch.Regulationof meshhasbeenwidelyusedforcontrollingtheminimumcommercialsizeinprotectedfishpopulations.Generally, the catch in reservoirs of rohu and calbasu of less than one kg in weightandof catlaof lessthanfourkginweightisprohibitedforfishinginlakes and reservoirs.

InPakistanJune,JulyandAugustareclosedseasonforfishingasmostof thecrapfishspeciesbreedduringthesemonths,hencecommercialaswellasanglingisnotallowedduringthesethreemonths.Illegalfishingandpoachingisreportedevenduringthesemonthsasfishconcentratein their breeding grounds for breeding. A strict watch and ward and law enforcementisinevitableformaintaininghealthstocksof fish.

6.1.11. Fishing contractThetotalareaof proposedTBWSis16,225acreshavingapproximatelyhalf of the area under river and creeks while remaining half is land area, thoughsusceptibletofrequentannualinundationinfloodseason.Thewildlifesanctuariesnotifiedundersection16of thePunjabWildlifeActstatesthatallthecommercialexploitationof naturalresourcesarestrictlyprohibited.Incontrary,thePunjabFisheriesDepartmentleasestheriverareafallingwithinthenotifiedareaof theSanctuarytocontractorforfishharvesting for a term of three years.

Over fishing is commonly practiced in the area and the fishermen catch fish even during the breeding season


Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary is managed as the flagship of a system of protected areas management in the Punjab province

Chapter 7 OBJECTIVES OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1. VisionTaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryismanagedastheflagshipof asystem of protected areas management in the Punjab province under an approvedManagementPlanwithdueownershipof stakeholders.UndertheManagementPlan,definitivemeasuresareimplementedaddressingvarious ecological processes according to the objectives for protection and conservation of heritage with enhanced participation of communities and creating awareness.

7.2. Guidelines for the Management PlanIntheprocessof developmentof theManagementPlan,dueconsiderationwas give to various guidelines accepted globally with special reference to protected area management. The list of such guidelines has been given as AnnexIII.

Moreover, management guidelines which were kept in view for formulation of generalandspecificobjectivesof themanagementplanforTBWSareasunder:a. An adequate situational analysis has been carried out to identify the core areas requiring special consideration in order to prioritize the same in the objectives. b. The management objectives were formulated with appropriate linkages with the issues being confronted at the Sanctuaryc. Special circumstances were taken into account which could help considerably in meeting the overall objectives of the protected aread. With the aim of providing ownership to the Management Plan, the gaps identifiedbythestakeholdersweregivendueweightagee.Theconflictinginterestsweredealtwithsufficientflexibilityto accommodate human uses until alternatives are made available.

7.3. General objectivesThegeneralobjectivesof theTBWSmanagementplanprovidinganoverview of the outcomes of management options proposed in the plan in order to priority are mentioned below:

i. Selectedfloraandfaunaaresuccessfullypreservedalongwiththesupplementation wherever necessary.

ii. The prime habitat for Hog Deer in the core area has been restored and maintained

iii.Theriverareaof theSanctuaryhasbeennotifiedasprotectedareaforIndusRiverDolphin.

iv. Necessarymeasureshavebeentakeninthecoreareasaswellas

bufferzonesformaintenanceof primehabitatforlocalandmigratorywaterfowls.

v. Necessaryinfrastructureandinstitutionalinterventionincludingpolicymeasures have been accomplished successfully.

vi.Managementof TBWSisbasedontheparticipatoryandactiveinvolvement of all stakeholders including the local communities.

vii. Mass awareness and education of private and public functionaries has been created in terms of achievement of desired results for better managementof TBWSinthelongterm.

viii.Enablingenvironmentforpreservationandconservationof TBWShasbeen developed with potential of further enhancement.

ix.Roadmapforscientificresearchandstudieshasbeendevelopedforperiodicmonitoringof theTBWS.

x. Effectivemechanismof monitoringandevaluationof implementationof management plan is in place.

7.4. Specific objectivesThespecificobjectivesdefineamechanismandwayforwardtowardsachieving the general objectives. These objectives also focus on identificationof specialmanagementactivitiesforoverallimplementationof the management plan

I. Todelineatetheboundaryof TBWSanditsbufferzonethroughGPScoordinates,fixationof boundarypillarsandafreshnotification.

II. Enforcementof legislationisstrengthenedthroughinstitutionaldevelopment with additional human resource and their capacity building at all levels.

III. Theavailablebaselinedataof selectedfloraandfaunahasbeencollected for temporal studies for annual monitoring and evaluation of the results of the management plan.

IV. Appropriatenumbersof CBOshavebeenregisteredrepresentingthestakeholder communities for meaningful interaction regarding optimal utilizationof naturalresourcesof TBWS.

V. LocalCommunitiesareorganizedintovillagelevelwetlandconservation communities for improved collaborative management of naturalresourcesof theTBWSandtoreduceharmfulpractices.

VI. Thehabitatenrichmentactivitiesinthecoreareaof HogDeercompleted as well as necessary measures taken for rescue of animals incaseof fireandfloodincidences.

VII. ThepopulationmanagementplanintheriverineforestareaforHogDeer,WildBoarandotherwildmammalshasbeenpreparedandimplemented.

VIII.Anappropriatereintroductionplanforviablepopulationof specialinterest animal and plant species developed and implemented.

IX. TheTBWSManagementCommitteenotifiedwithrepresentationof all stakeholders and clear TORs to monitor, suggest means and facilitate the implementation of management plan under the overall supervision of Provincial Wetlands Management Committee.

X. Themassawarenesslevelof publicingeneralandlocalcommunitiesinparticularisenhancedforeffectivemanagementof resourcesthrough implementation of strategic plan proposed for the purpose in the Management Plan.

XI. TheInformationCenteratTaunsaBarragehasbeenupgradedintotourism and education center catering the need of dissemination of tourism related information in collaboration with government departments including tourism.


XII. EffectiveliaisonisdevelopedwithdifferentAcademiaandResearchInstitutionsforscientificstudiesonspeciesandhabitatmanagementtoensureanintegratedandcoordinatedeffort.

XIII.Theproposedinfrastructureinterventionscompletedforeffectiveprotection regime and improvement of habitat of birds and animals atTBWS.

XIV. Variouscollaborativeavenuesforfinancialandmanagementinputsareexploredthroughdevelopingpartnershipandestablishinglinkageswith local, national and international donors and partners including big industries under CSR.

7.5. Duration of the Management PlanThe commencement of implementation phase of the plan has been proposedduringthefinancialyear2014-15,commencingfrom1stJuly2014. All the necessary interactive sessions including approval of plan with endorsementof stakeholdersshallbecompletedby30thJune2014.Thedurationof themanagementplanwillbe72months(Sixyearsi.e.July2014toJune2020).Themonitoringandevaluationprocessduringtheimplementation is discussed separately in Chapter 9.

7.6. Monitoring & EvaluationTheprocessof Monitoring&Evaluationisvitaltoascertaintheextentof implementationof prescriptionsof theManagementPlan.Itprovidesan opportunity of focusing on un-addressed issues appropriate attention during the implementation phase. The monitoring mechanism also suggests changes in the Management Plan if required over a period of time, making theimplementationprocessefficientandflexible.

Broadlyspeaking,theinterventionsproposedintheManagementPlanarebasicallytheworkplanstoachievethedesiredobjectives.Itisimperativeto study, whether through the implementation of the Management Plan, theobjectivearemetwithexpectedoutcomes.Itreferstoaprocesstermedasevaluation.Evaluationcouldbeconductedduringtheimplementationphase as well as after the completion period of Management Plan.ItisrecommendedthattheannualmonitoringexerciseshouldbeconductedbythePunjabWildlifeandParksDepartmentthroughtheTBWSMCformulatedatthelocallevel.Inthisrespect,technicalassistancecanbeobtained from WWF-Pakistan for synthesis of information and quantifying thedesiredoutcomesof theManagementPlan.Thefirstthreeannualmonitoring reports will be useful during the midterm review of the plan, whileallthesixreportswillserveasinformativedatainformulationof complete evaluation of the Management Plan.

Inordertodevelopabroaderguidanceformonitoring,itissuggestedthatthe time period of the interventions proposed in the Management Plan can be considered as a standing yardstick. All the short-term interventions may bemonitoredandevaluatedduringthefirsttwoyears,whilemediumtermin the third and fourth year. Likewise, the long-term interventions should be consideredinfifthandsixthyearof thePlan.However,thebacklogof eachtime interval can be evaluated in the subsequent interval.

7.7. Revision of the Management PlanThe implementation mechanism of prescriptions proposed in the Management Plan is discussed in Chapter 8. The proposed interventions arealsoassignedpriorityfortheirexecutionincludingtherelevantorganizations responsible for undertaking each activity.

The process of Monitoring & Evaluation is vital to ascertain the extent of implementation of prescription of the Management Plan

Itisrecommendedthatbesidequarterlymeetingsof theTBWSManagement Committee, annual meeting at provincial level will also be held to have an overview of the implementation process and suggest proposalfortimelycompletionof targets.Aftertheexpiryof 36months,a general meeting at Lahore should be held as a mid-term review to be participatedbyallthemembersof theTBWSManagementCommitteeandstakeholders at provincial level. The mid-term review of the Management Planshouldsuggestnecessarymodificationforrevisionof themanagementplan for the second half of its implementation period, if considered appropriate.

It is recommended that the beside quarterly meetings of the TBWS Management Committee, annual meeting at provincial level will also be held


CHAPTER 8MANAGEMENT PLAN

1. TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary(TBWS)iscurrentlyfacingthepressures both by humans and by the biophysical environment. These pressurescouldfurtherintensifyunlessquickandeffectivemeasuresaretaken. The people have been the part of ecosystem for centuries and they have an established history of living in harmony with ecosystem. Itispossibletomaintaintheintegrityof theecosystemwithsustainableuse of resources. The management approach has been based at co-management or collaborative management with a view to maintaining the balance between ecological and social needs and building political consensus. The management plan envisages striking a balance between the community and government involvement.

2. TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryhassofarbeenmanagedbytheGovernment following a traditional system of management. The Management Plan proposes a sharp shift in the management paradigm. This shift may come through a transition by helping to educate the people and developing their capabilities. The transition from sole government management to collaborative management shall also build harmony between the government functionaries and the local people.

3. Itisoneof thefewManagementPlaneverpreparedforprotectedareainPunjab.Earlieracoupleof managementplansweredeveloped(PatiSarLakeandSaltRangeWetlandsComplex)buttheirimplementationremained a dream. During the preparation of current Management Plan, due attention was paid on basic issues of protection and conservation along with intervention with communities for sustainable use.Similarly,theobviousinfluenceof localpoliticalleadershiphasnotbeen ignored and therefore, mechanism is proposed for taking them onboardindecision-makingprocess.Itisbelievedthattheisolatedinterventions based on purely departmental priorities will not work in the Sanctuary.

4. While framing the interventions, special consideration was given to make them practical and achievable within the available resources and time frame in coordination with the stakeholder departments. To begin withefforthasbeenmadetoavoidalongwishlistof interventions.Itis due to the reason that the period of Management Plan has also been kept as 6 years. The periodic monitoring and evaluation will lead to understandthemagnitudeof successof implementationprocess.Basedonthelessonslearnt,thenextManagementPlancouldbepreparedwith wider objectives and scope.

Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary has so for been managed by the Government following a traditional system of management


5. Themanagementactivities/interventionshavebeendesignedtoaddress the issues and threats described in the previous chapters and in pursuit of management objectives (general as well as specific)alreadylaiddown.TheyprovideguidelinesfortheTBWSadministrationatdifferentlevelswhendrawingworkprogrammesondaytodaybasisinfuture.Managementactivities/interventionshavebeen grouped into following eleven categories:

8.1. Policy IssuesIthasbeendiscussedearlierthattheTBWSwasfirstnotifiedunderapolitically motivated interests. Across the board, declaration remained as such till to date, without making any subsequent management rules and policies in order to address the emerging needs within the Sanctuary. Perhapsprimaryreasonfortheabsenceof specificdirectionintermsof management of the area was non-preparation of a Management Plan, encompassing all the aspects of the area and attending to each through various interventions.

At this stage, when the Management Plan has been prepared formally, it could be appropriate to identify certain policy issues to be addressed in the proposed interventions. These policy decisions mainly require actions by various stakeholders including establishment of an independent local level committee making it responsible for implementation of the Plan. Similarly, decisions are also required to review various legal documents and agreements for necessary changes inconsonance to the present needs of the Sanctuary.

Table 6: Policy Issue related interventions

S. NO.

INTERVENTION PRIORITY RESPONSIBILITY TIME PERIOD Primary Secondary

1. Reactivate the Punjab Wildlife Management Board to oversee the management plan and other protected areas in the province.

High Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department

Medium Term

2. In consideration to the commercial fishing activity, temporary cultivation of pond area, extraction of firewood and other NTFPs and grazing, all conflicting with the prohibition clauses of Wildlife Sanctuary, the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department may revisit the status with an option of declaring it as a National Park.

Low Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department

- Long Term

3. Currently, there is no wetland management policy with provincial Wildlife Department. During the currency of Management Plan, it is recommended that the Punjab Wetlands Policy should be developed and approved by the competent forum, in order to provide support to the conservation and management of such wetlands areas


WWF-Pakistan Long Term

4. Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will notify TBWS as a protected area up to the extend of Indus Dolphin from Chashma to Guddu Barrage


- Short Term

5. Followed by the approval of Management Plan, the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will re-notify TBWS, according to the proposed Map indicating all the boundaries along with GPS coordinates and total area of the Sanctuary. The draft notification is attached as Annex XVIII.


Long Term

6. Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will notify the Management Committee for TBWS along with necessary TORs. The proposed draft notification with suggested TORs has been prepared and placed as Annex XIX. The first meeting of TBWSMC (Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary Management Committee) is recommended to be held at the provincial headquarter, during which the implementation plan will be explained to all members by the Director General, Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department.


- Short Term

7. Punjab Fisheries Department will review the process of annual replenishment through fish seed introduction at Barrage to enhance the fish production and to address the issue of exotic species in the Sanctuary. To this effect, necessary standing order will be issued by the Punjab Fisheries Department imposing restriction over introduction of exotic species affecting the natural aquatic biodiversity at the Barrage.

High Punjab Fisheries Department - Short Term

8. Punjab Fisheries Department will also consider to exclude the natural ponds from the auction which are developed in the pond area after floods

Low Punjab Fisheries Department - Long Term

9. There is a need to review the contract signed between Punjab Fisheries Department and the contractor, which will include a specific clause of penalties if there are any violation observed. It will reduce the harmful impact of smaller (illegal) mesh size used for fish catch in the area.

Medium Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department & Punjab Fisheries

Department

- Medium Term

10. The successful prescriptions of the Management Plan entirely depend upon the true ownership of it by all the stakeholders including private and public sector. Followed by the approval of the Management Plan, the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department being the principal stakeholder will notify a focal person by designation at provincial level to ensure the effective follow up throughout the gestation period of six years. In this regard, WWF-Pakistan can be instrumental to facilitate the holding of annual review meetings of implementation of Management Plan in the Provincial Wetland Management Committee meeting.


WWF-Pakistan Short Term

11. The existing Provincial Wetlands Management Committee under Secretary, Forest, Wildlife & Fisheries Department will be assigned to hold annual review meeting for the implementation of the Management Plan.



12. Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will prepare development project for at least first three years of the implementation of the Management Plan to cater the needs of additional staff, their capacity building and conservation of desired infrastructure within the Sanctuary.


- Medium Term

12. Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will earmark some funds from its non-development budget to meet the operational cost by the staff deployed at the Sanctuary.


- Medium Term

8.1.1. Implementation Plan1.Beforethecommencementof implementationperiod(July2014)of

the Management Plan, the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will notify the local Management Committee along with holding of meeting of all the members. The roles and responsibility of each member will be explainedalongwithsensitizingthedistrictgovernmentMuzaffargarhfor having subsequent meetings according to the schedule made in this regard. The Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will also inform the head of each Department, the inclusion of their representations in the committee and apprise them the objectives of the Management Plan.If consideredappropriate,anMoUcouldalsobesignedbetweenthe Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department and other implementing partners including district government for the implementation of the Management Plan.

2.AccordingtothelatestnotificationissuedbythePunjabWildlifeandParksDepartment,theareasunderTBWSaredifferentthantheproposed area in the Management Plan. Followed by the approval of plan,therevisednotificationhastobeissuedbytheDepartmentbeforeJuly2014.

S. NO.


1. Reactivate the Punjab Wildlife Management Board to oversee the management plan and other protected areas in the province.


Medium Term

2. In consideration to the commercial fishing activity, temporary cultivation of pond area, extraction of firewood and other NTFPs and grazing, all conflicting with the prohibition clauses of Wildlife Sanctuary, the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department may revisit the status with an option of declaring it as a National Park.


- Long Term

3. Currently, there is no wetland management policy with provincial Wildlife Department. During the currency of Management Plan, it is recommended that the Punjab Wetlands Policy should be developed and approved by the competent forum, in order to provide support to the conservation and management of such wetlands areas



4. Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will notify TBWS as a protected area up to the extend of Indus Dolphin from Chashma to Guddu Barrage


- Short Term

5. Followed by the approval of Management Plan, the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will re-notify TBWS, according to the proposed Map indicating all the boundaries along with GPS coordinates and total area of the Sanctuary. The draft notification is attached as Annex XVIII.


Long Term

6. Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will notify the Management Committee for TBWS along with necessary TORs. The proposed draft notification with suggested TORs has been prepared and placed as Annex XIX. The first meeting of TBWSMC (Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary Management Committee) is recommended to be held at the provincial headquarter, during which the implementation plan will be explained to all members by the Director General, Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department.


- Short Term

7. Punjab Fisheries Department will review the process of annual replenishment through fish seed introduction at Barrage to enhance the fish production and to address the issue of exotic species in the Sanctuary. To this effect, necessary standing order will be issued by the Punjab Fisheries Department imposing restriction over introduction of exotic species affecting the natural aquatic biodiversity at the Barrage.

High Punjab Fisheries Department - Short Term

8. Punjab Fisheries Department will also consider to exclude the natural ponds from the auction which are developed in the pond area after floods

Low Punjab Fisheries Department - Long Term

9. There is a need to review the contract signed between Punjab Fisheries Department and the contractor, which will include a specific clause of penalties if there are any violation observed. It will reduce the harmful impact of smaller (illegal) mesh size used for fish catch in the area.

Medium Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department & Punjab Fisheries

Department

- Medium Term

10. The successful prescriptions of the Management Plan entirely depend upon the true ownership of it by all the stakeholders including private and public sector. Followed by the approval of the Management Plan, the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department being the principal stakeholder will notify a focal person by designation at provincial level to ensure the effective follow up throughout the gestation period of six years. In this regard, WWF-Pakistan can be instrumental to facilitate the holding of annual review meetings of implementation of Management Plan in the Provincial Wetland Management Committee meeting.



11. The existing Provincial Wetlands Management Committee under Secretary, Forest, Wildlife & Fisheries Department will be assigned to hold annual review meeting for the implementation of the Management Plan.



12. Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will prepare development project for at least first three years of the implementation of the Management Plan to cater the needs of additional staff, their capacity building and conservation of desired infrastructure within the Sanctuary.


- Medium Term

12. Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will earmark some funds from its non-development budget to meet the operational cost by the staff deployed at the Sanctuary.


- Medium Term


3.ApartfromTBWS,thereareseveralotherimportantwetlandsintheprovincewithsignificantvalueintermsof floraandfauna.Likewise,the issues and threats confronted by these wetlands are also common tosomeextent.Inordertoaddresstheissuesandenhancethelevelof management,itisimperativetohavesomegeneralpolicydecision.Inthis regard, the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will initiate a process of development of Provincial Wetlands Policy for approval by the competent forum. The approved policy document will facilitate the provincial government to frame necessary legislations to provide legal covertothepolicydecision.Theeffortwillgoalongwayinconservation,protection and sustainable use of wetlands in accordance to international obligations, which Pakistan is a party.

4.Atpresent,thelengthof IndusRiverhavingpopulationof Indusdolphinisdeclaredasprotectedarea,exceptTaunsaBarrage.ThePunjabWildlife and Parks Department will also declare it as protected area for Indusdolphin,asaresultof which,theentirehabitatof Indusdolphininthe Punjab and Sindh province will come under protected status.

5. The Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will hold a formal meeting with the Punjab Fisheries Department in order to persuade for necessary changes in the contract document between contractor and the Punjab Fisheries Department for abiding by the principles of conservation.

6. The Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will initiate the preparation of projectdocumentfordevelopmentandimprovementof TBWSandensure its inclusion in the Annual Development Programme of the Department.

8.2. Institutional DevelopmentItisidentifiedthatdifficultiesinmonitoringlawenforcementweremainlyattributabletolackof equipmentandstaffskills.TheSanctuarywasseentolackfinancialsupporttoenablebetterenforcementpracticesthroughstaffemploymentandtraining.Thestaffof thePunjabWildlifeandParksDepartment requires improved training, equipment and support to patrol and manage human intervention in the area since the Sanctuary covers a fairly small area in comparison to other protected areas in Pakistan, it is easy to monitor but without adequate equipment and mandate, this is notpossible.Thelong-termfinancialsecurityof theSanctuarycouldberated as dismal although its legal security as a protected area is considered adequate because its protected areas status has continued consistently despiterevisioninboundaries.Themainproblemidentifiedisthelackof agreementinenforcementbetweenPunjabIrrigationDepartmentandPunjab Wildlife and Parks Department. The Sanctuary has been declared ongovernmentlandbelongingtoPunjabIrrigationDepartmentandpartof the land is leased out by them. This is in direct violation of Punjab Wildlife Act that does not allow any human use inside the Sanctuary. Since thisconflictremainsunresolvedatanofficiallevel,itleadstoconflictsof enforcementandlackof jurisdictionalrightsforthestaffof PunjabWildlife and Parks Department. This lack of coordination between Punjab IrrigationDepartmentandPunjabWildlifeandParksDepartmentneedsto be resolved through a meaningful dialogue that enables enforcement of Punjab Wildlife Act. Without resolving the management issues, little can be expectedintermsof enforcementof legalconditionsenforceablefortheprotection of a Wildlife Sanctuary.

It is identified that difficulties in monitoring law enforcement were mainly attributable to lack of equipment and staff skills

Table 7: Institutional development related interventions

# INTERVENTIONS PRIORITY RESPONSIBILITY TIME PERIOD Primary Secondary

1. Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will notify the Deputy Director Wildlife, Dera Ghazi Khan as overall responsible for the implementation of the Management Plan, through his District Wildlife Officer and associated staff posted at Muzaffargarh.


- Short Term

2. Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will translate the Wildlife Act in Urdu for easy understanding by the local wildlife staff and communities.

Medium Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department


3. Through a formal meeting of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department with provincial head of Punjab Irrigation Department, the role and responsibilities of both the Departments may be defined to avoid existing lack of coordination, ambiguities and duplication in roles. The issue of cultivation in the pond area should also be the primary agenda of the meeting. As an outcome of the meeting, some doable strategy shall be evolved.

High Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department, Punjab Irrigation

Department

- Medium Term

4. The present staff of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department is to be brought up to the strength required to implement the management and development requirements of TBWS. The existing and proposed increase in staff is shown in Box 4.


- Medium Term

5. The staff posted at TBWS shall be equipped with necessary equipment and tools as shown in Box 5.


- Medium Term

6. The site of posting and responsibility of each official deputed by the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will be specified to avoid frequent shifting. The designated posting over a period of time will be helpful in developing greater understanding of the area. The proposed assigned sites are given in the Box 6.


- Long Term

7. The staff deployed at TBWS may be provided formal training to combat forest fires. In this regard, an action plan or SOP could be developed to avoid any panic situation in case of fire incidences.



8. Providing training to the staff of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department and Pakistan Customs in identification of freshwater turtles and their body parts.



9. The fresh staff recruited for TBWS shall be imparted special training in the management of a protected area apart from law enforcement. The capacity building of the official will restricts their posting elsewhere.



10. In order to make the member of the TBWSMC sensitive, a monthly work plan will be developed in writing. It will enhance the level of responsibility and provide clear responsibilities.



11. The law enforcement issues will be addressed, in terms of their effectiveness and clarity in understanding and adequate enforcement, in quarterly meeting to be participated by Forest, Wildlife & Fisheries Department.

High Punjab Forest Department, Punjab Wildlife and Parks

Department, Punjab Fisheries Department.

- Medium Term

12. A regulatory mechanism may be developed for grazing through issuance of permits and keeping the limit of cattle according to the carrying capacity of the area without jeopardizing the forage availability to other wildlife.


- Medium Term

13. Establish a friendly system for receiving funds in shape of sale of tickets, souvenirs, local handicraft, posters at existing Information Center and donations for improvement of TBWS.



14. A bank account of TBWS will be opened with National Bank of Pakistan for deposit of funds obtained through various sources including donations by corporate sector for subsequent utilization towards improvement of TBWS. The Deputy Director Wildlife at DG Khan will operate the account on the recommendation of TBWSMC and approval of Director General, Wildlife Department.


- Long Term


Box 4: Existing and proposed increase in staff of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department

Box 5: Detail of proposed equipment and tools for wildlife staff

Box 6: Proposed posting sites of incremental staff of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department

BOX 4 EXISTING AND PROPOSED INCREASE IN STAFF OF PUNJAB WILDLIFE AND PARKS DEPARTMENT

S.NO. NAME OF POST BS EXISTING INCREASE

1 Assistant Director 17 - 1

2 Education Officer 17 - 1

3 Supervisor 14 1

4 Head Wildlife Watcher 7 1

5 Wildlife Inspector 9 - 2

6 Junior clerk 7 - 1

7 Field compounder 6 - 1

8 Wildlife Watcher 5 5 15

9 Driver 4 - 2

10 Boatman 1 1 4

11 Naib Qasid 1 - 1

12 Animal keeper 1 - 3

13. Chowkidar 1 - 2

14 Baildar 1 - 2

15. Sweeper 1 - 2

16. Mali 1 - 2

Total: - - 8 39

Box 5 DETAIL OF PROPOSED EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS FOR WILDLIFE STAFF

1. Jackets 8. Reference Scale 15. GPS Hand Set

2. Kit Bag 9. Water Bottle 16. Walky Talky

3. Hand Torch 10. Fleece Gloves 17. Binocular

4. Shaving Kit 11. Branch Clipper 18. Chargeable Search Lights

5. Mugs 12. Magnifying Glass 19. Uniform

6. Measuring Tape 13. Hat 20. Bullet proof jackets

7. Rope 5 meter 14. Field Tool Kit 21 First Aid Kit

Box 6 PROPOSED POSTING SITES OF INCREMENTAL STAFF OF PUNJAB WILDLIFE AND PARKS DEPARTMENT

West Pond Area East Pond Area Core Area Information Center Check Post

3 watchers 3 watchers 8 watchers 1 watcher 5 watchers





3 Supervisor 14 1






9 Driver 4 - 2

10 Boatman 1 1 4

11 Naib Qasid 1 - 1


13. Chowkidar 1 - 2

14 Baildar 1 - 2

15. Sweeper 1 - 2

16. Mali 1 - 2

Total: - - 8 39
















3 Supervisor 14 1






9 Driver 4 - 2

10 Boatman 1 1 4

11 Naib Qasid 1 - 1


13. Chowkidar 1 - 2

14 Baildar 1 - 2

15. Sweeper 1 - 2

16. Mali 1 - 2

Total: - - 8 39












8.2.1. Implementation Plan1.Theexistingorganizationalsetupof PunjabWildlifeandParks

Departmentisonthebasisof administrativeofficesatdivisionalanddistrict headquarters and not according to the important landmarks intheshapeof NationalParksandWildlifeSanctuaries,exceptforZooswhereindependentDirectorisposted.InordertohaveexclusiveofficeforTBWS,numbersof newpostshavebeenproposedintheplandesignatingindependentofficersassociatedwithadequatenumberof fieldofficials.Thesepostsshallbecreatedunderadevelopmentprojectof the Department.

2.Therecruitmentof additionalstaffwillalsobeassociatedwiththeircapacity building in shape of formal training, facilitation in mobility and necessary equipment proposed in the plan. The fresh recruitment and theircapacitybuildingmeasurewillenhancetheenforcementefficiencyand protection regime in the area.

3.Sincetheestablishmentof TBWSandsubsequenttransferof pondareasto Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department, there has been no formal workingrelationshipbetweentheWildlifeandIrrigationDepartments.The lack of coordination has resulted in failure of addressing the issues of theTBWSasaresultof which,noplanof actioncouldbedevelopedover decades. During the implementation phase of the Management Plan, both the departments will hold frequent meetings both at provincial andlocallevelstoassisteachotherforjointconservationeffortsintheSanctuary.Inthisrespect,ajointMoUcouldbedevelopedandsignedasaformalagreementbetweenthedepartments,especiallydefiningtherole over regulated use of pond areas, encroachments and temporary cultivation. For the purpose, a focal person at provincial level needs to be notifiedforeffectivecoordination.

4. According to Constitution of Pakistan, all the money received by the government departments goes to treasury as a revenue. However, the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department after development of network andidentificationof privatefundingfinancialresourceswillapproachthe Finance Department for opening of a designated bank account forTBWS.Itwilllegallyallowtheadministrationtoutilizethefundsreceived from various sources for conservation and improvement of TBWSandmeetingtheoperationalcost.

8.3. Infrastructural Development Sincetheestablishmentof TBWS,thereisnoformalofficeof PunjabWildlifeandParksDepartmentexclusivelyresponsiblefortheaffairsof TBWS.TheDistrictWildlifeOfficerhashisofficeatdistrictheadquarterinMuzaffargarh,whiletheSanctuaryisleftatthemercyof lowersupervisoryfieldstaff.Hence,itisimperativetohaveanindependentsetupof PunjabWildlifeandParksDepartmentmakingtheofficersandstaffof theDepartmentatsiteallthetime.Necessaryrecommendationsinthisrespect have been proposed in the Management Plan. Although the area underTBWSisnottoobig,butstillpatrollingandcheckingisinevitableforeffectiveenforcement.Theperusalof previousrecordrevealedthatsomeeffortsweremadeinthepastforconstructionof fewcheckposts,butovertheperiodof timetheyweredepletedandarenon-functionalatpresent.Inorder to ensure adequate surveillance, the establishment of new check posts and watch towers are essentially required in the area. The WWF-Pakistan hasalreadyestablishedanInformationCenteratthebarragewithsomebasic facilities for the visitors. An additional plan has been incorporated in the Management Plan for its up-gradation and enhancement in services to be provided at the center. Some other infrastructural interventions could also be made for increasing the utility of ponds developed in pond areas

The recruitment of additional staff will also be associated with their capacity building in shape of formal training


afterfloodseason,whileboundarypillarsarealsoproposedpermanentlyforidentificationof legalboundaryof TBWS.

Table 8: Infrastructure development related interventions

S. NO.


1. During the survey, it transpired that an appropriate land owned by the Punjab Irrigation Department is available at the barrage. At present, some depleted buildings are present at site that should be made functional by providing adequate funds. It is recommended that Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department may forward formal request to Punjab Irrigation Department for issuance of NOC for utilizing the land for site office and barracks. In this regard, MoU already signed between both the Departments and WWF-Pakistan can be brought into force.

High Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department, Punjab Irrigation

Department


2. To ensure all time presence of staff of the Department, the site office along with residences are recommended to be established at Barrage.

Medium - - Medium Term

3. In addition to offices and residences, the barracks for providing residential facilities to the staff are required to be constructed at the Barrage as per Box 7.

Medium - - Medium Term

4. The existing Information Center will be upgraded through civil works shown at Box 8 and necessary articles / furniture will be provided at the center to make it functional as per Box 9.

High Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department,

WWF-Pakistan

- Short Term

5. The most important impediment for effective watch and ward and enforcement is the inadequate facilities for staff regarding mobility to cover the entire area of TBWS. To cater the requirement, provision of transportations has been recommended as shown at Box 10.


- Medium Term

6. For maintaining the sanctity of the area under TBWS and public awareness, boundary pillars shall be erected in both pond areas and towards the northern side of the Sanctuary with recorded GPS coordinates of each pillar.


- Medium Term

7. The core area is sensitive to Hog Deer population and also vulnerable to fire incidences. It is proposed to establish at least three watch towers in the periphery of core area and one at check post for monitoring the fire as well as illegal grazing and maneuvering of hunters.


- Medium Term

8. The existing check posts of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department will be rehabilitated along with establishment of new at access points of TBWS.


- Medium Term

Box 7 PROPOSED OFFICE AND RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

S. No. Item Quantity

1. Construction of site office 3500 sq. ft.

2. Construction of Barracks for staff 2063 sq. ft.

3. Renovation of check posts 05 Nos.

4. Construction of Watch Towers 04 Nos.

5. Boundary Pillars 30 Nos.

6 Construction of residence BPS 17 01 No.

7 Construction of residence BPS 1-10 04 Nos.

8 Construction of dolphin / hog deer rescue center 01 No.

9 Bird Aviary O1 No.

Box 8 PROPSED WORKS AT INFORMATION CENTER


1. Renovation of Information Center 2000 sq. ft.

2. Renovation of existing Conference hall 630 sq. ft.

3. Renovation of Existing Community Resource Center 3000 sq. ft.

Box 9 PROPOSED FURNITURE & ARTICLES AT INFORMATION CENTER

1. Refrigerator 8. Digital camera

2. Chargeable Lights 9. Stuffed Exhibits

3. Renovation of Existing Community resource Center 10. Sofa set

4. Rostrum 11 Conference hall chairs

5. White Board 12 Table and chairs for check posts

6. Multi Media 13 Multi media and laptop

7. Audio / Video Equipment

Box 10 PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES

Name of Item Quantity Name of Item Quantity

1. Wooden Boats 02 3. Motorcycle 10

2. Fibre Motor Boat 02 4. Single Cabin Pick Up 02

Box 7: Proposed office and residential buildings

Box 7 PROPOSED OFFICE AND RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS


1. Construction of site office 3500 sq. ft.

2. Construction of Barracks for staff 2063 sq. ft.

3. Renovation of check posts 05 Nos.

4. Construction of Watch Towers 04 Nos.

5. Boundary Pillars 30 Nos.

6 Construction of residence BPS 17 01 No.

7 Construction of residence BPS 1-10 04 Nos.

8 Construction of dolphin / hog deer rescue center 01 No.

9 Bird Aviary O1 No.

Box 8 PROPSED WORKS AT INFORMATION CENTER


1. Renovation of Information Center 2000 sq. ft.

2. Renovation of existing Conference hall 630 sq. ft.

3. Renovation of Existing Community Resource Center 3000 sq. ft.

Box 9 PROPOSED FURNITURE & ARTICLES AT INFORMATION CENTER

1. Refrigerator 8. Digital camera

2. Chargeable Lights 9. Stuffed Exhibits

3. Renovation of Existing Community resource Center 10. Sofa set

4. Rostrum 11 Conference hall chairs

5. White Board 12 Table and chairs for check posts

6. Multi Media 13 Multi media and laptop

7. Audio / Video Equipment

Box 10 PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES

Name of Item Quantity Name of Item Quantity

1. Wooden Boats 02 3. Motorcycle 10

2. Fibre Motor Boat 02 4. Single Cabin Pick Up 02

8.3.1. Implementation Plan1. Currently the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department does not have the

officeorresidentialbuildingsatTBWS.Duringtheinteractivemeet-ingwiththelocaladministrationof PunjabIrrigationDepartment,it was apprised that the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department could utilizetheareaownedbythePunjabIrrigationDepartmentwithsomebuildingstructuresalreadypresentatsitefortheofficesandresidentialbarracks of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department. The Punjab Wild-life and Parks Department shall approach the provincial headquarter fornecessaryNOCandincorporatethecivilworkshowninBoxesinappropriate funding.

2. UnderatripartiteMoUsignedbytheIrrigation,WildlifeandWWF-Pa-kistan, a prime area at barrage along with a building was transferred toWWF-PakistanbyPunjabIrrigationDepartmentforestablishingan information center. WWF-Pakistan has developed the building with basicinformationforvisitors.Inaddition,thePunjabWildlifeandParksDepartment will make couple of interventions under the development projectbyincludingrenovationof existingbuilding,conferencehallandcommunityresourcecenteralongwithnecessaryfurnitureandfixture.

3. Similarlyforeffectivewatchandward,theexistingfourcheckpostswillberenovatedinadditiontofivetowersincorearea.

8.4. Habitat Management Thelocalcommunitiesof TaunsaBarragetoagreaterextentdependonthe natural resources of the Wildlife Sanctuary for their livelihood. De-spite the restrictions imposed by Punjab Wildlife Act, local communities havebeenextractingfish,fuelwood,timber,fodderandothernon-timberforestproducts(NTFPs)fromtheSanctuarybothforsubsistenceaswellascommercial purposes which in fact has been causing serious damage to the

Box 8: Proposed works at information centre

Box 9: Proposed furniture and articles at information centre

Box 10: Proposed transportation facilities


riverineecosystemof theprotectedarea.Forestfires,illegalhunting,overgrazing,encroachment,illicitcuttingandexcessivetimber,fuelwood,forageandNTFPsextractionarefewrecordedecologicalthreatstotheSanctuary,mostly stemming from the management and socio-economic issues like con-fused state of ownership, lack of coordination, weak enforcement of laws, increasing poverty, limited livelihood options and lack of information and awareness

At present, the population of mammals particularly that of ungulates (Hog deerandWildboar)remainedfluctuatingintheSanctuary.Whilecom-paring the ungulate population dynamics with seasonal forage productivity of the core zone, it becomes obvious that from late summer till fall, major portion of the core zone remain either partially submerged or covered with waters from all around making it inaccessible for livestock from adjacent vil-lages to enter and graze, thus leaving ample forage for ungulates to feed on in their own habitat. Due to drying up of left river channel, livestock from neighbouring farming communities easily crosses the channel and roams freelyinthecorezone.Asaresultof excessivegrazingacuteshortageof forage prevails in the core zone which forces the ungulates to roam around insearchof food,sometimesevenbeyondthecorezone,exposingthemtosighting and even capturing and shooting illegally. At the onset of summer season, the natural regeneration starts prospering and despite free grazing ample food is available for ungulates inside their natural habitat.Table 9: Habitat management related interventions

Table 9: Habitat management related interventions

At present, the population of mammals particularly that of ungulates (Hog deer and Wild boar) remained fluctuating in the sanctuary.

S. NO.


1. The water body in the core zone of Hog Deer close to the river will be connected through a channel connecting with river to have sufficient water for all seasons.

Low Wildlife Deptt. - Medium Term

2. At present, there are two considerable sized water ponds in eastern pond area and six at western pond area. Plantation of local tree / shrubs species shall be carried out around these ponds to provide habitat for nesting of birds.

Medium Wildlife Deptt. Fisheries Deptt.


3. GIS based maps of all these ponds will be prepared for identification and study purposes.

Medium Wildlife Deptt. WWF-Pakistan Medium Term

4. On the basis of site quality and vegetation, the core area is classified into three zones i.e. Tamarix zone, mixed zone and Saccharum zone (Map 5). Improvement in the existing vegetation cover will be made through seed broadcasting and vegetative cuttings in different seasons.

High Wildlife Deptt. Forest Deptt.


5. In the area between core zone and settlement of Loomber Wala, tree plantation of local tree species will be carried out for dual purposes. Firstly, to develop a green fence of core area and secondly to manage the same as energy / fuelwood plantation to cater the future need of the community. Similar interventions will also be undertaken mainly in the eastern pond area.

High Wildlife Deptt. Fisheries Deptt.

WWF-Pakistan Medium Term

6. Carrying capacity of the core area in different seasons will be calculated by taking into account the anticipated population of wildlife.

High Wildlife Deptt. WWF-Pakistan Medium Term

7. With the assistance of Range Management Division of Punjab Forest Department, the entire TBWS will be surveyed for selection of suitable sites in the buffer zone for reseeding intervention of perennial grasses for cattle grazing to reduce the pressure on the core area.

Medium Wildlife Deptt. Forest Deptt.

- Medium Term

8. Through local interaction information will be gathered regarding the specific season, causes and frequency of fire incidences in the forest area. Based on the information necessary strategic plan will be prepared to minimize the risk.

Medium Wildlife Deptt. WWF-Pakistan Long Term

9. The GIS based maps will be prepared for each zone to have temporal studies in order to ascertain the impact of interventions of seed broadcasting, planting of cuttings and reseeding of grasses in the core zone.

Medium Wildlife Deptt. WWF-Pakistan Medium Term

8.4.1. Implementation Plan1. The history of the area and the present situation analysis revealed two

primary threats to the Sanctuary in the shape of grazing and fuelwood collection, with the gradual increase in cattle heads and numbers of households. The pressure is also increasing over the period of time and has resulted into a situation where sustainable management does not seem to be possible. Therefore, grazing system under controlled condition and simultaneously improving the vegetation health in core as wellasbufferzones/pondareashastobeintroduced.

2. Itwasexperiencedthatinsummerwiththeriseinwaterlevelinthe river, the core zone and pond areas are inundated. The level of inundationvariesindifferentyearsfromlowlevelinundationtosubmerging of the core zone. The water descends in winter with considerable moisture left in the soil. During the spring season the dibbling of Kikar (Acacia nilotica) seed will be made in moist soil along with planting of vegetative cuttings of Tamarix. Although, the activitymaybeconsideredbyexpertsasanintrusioninthestatusof Sanctuary, but considering the immense biotic pressure on Sanctuary, thisparticularinterventionhasbeenproposed.Inordertoascertainthepotential sites for seed sowing and planting vegetative cuttings, the core area has been divided into three zones: there will be no activity in Zone A area already dominated with Tamarix, while it will be non-productive in case of Zone C where soil is sandy with dominance of Saccharum species.TheZoneBisthepotentialareawheresoiliscomparativelysandy–loamandtheactivitycanbearresults.

3. Inconsultationwiththelocalpoliticalleadership,itisessentialtodeterminethetargetcommunitiesandestablishmentof theirjustifiedrightof grazing.Itwillassistnotonlyinreducingthepressureof grazing but will also help in establishment of writ of law in the area. Secondly, in order to shift the pressure on core zone, reseeding of perennial grasses will be carried out along the boundaries of the core area for fodder improvement.

4. The pond area on either side of the Sanctuary has always been under thetemporarycultivation.Asaresultof politicalinfluence,nosincereeffortwasevermadebyIrrigationaswellasWildlifeDepartmenttorestricttheprohibitedlanduseof theseareas.Inordertoenterinthepond area for activities conducive to the Sanctuary, political leadership willbetakenonboardforearmarkingthestripsof landforsowing/planting of local tree species.

5. Since the activity of enrichment of the habitat is being recommended forthefirsttime,therefore,itwillbeappropriatetohaveaGISbasedevaluationof vegetationontheexpiryof theManagementPlanincomparisonwiththepresentimagesof theTBWS.

8.5. Wildlife Management ThebaselinestudiesconductedbyWWF-PakistanforIndusDolphinandlargemammalsindicatedthatTBWSisnegativelyimpactedbyvariousanthropogenicactivitiesandpublicinfluencesposeapotentialhazardineffectivemanagementof theecosystem.IndusDolphinandHogDeerareendangeredspeciesof theSanctuary,whileAsiaticJackal,JungleCat,PorcupineandWildBoararecommonspecies.TheIndianOtterisdefinitelyextinctbutdespitereportingthepressureof RedFoxcouldnotbeverifiedthroughsighting.

Thepreviousrangeof IndusDolphinthatwas3,500kmof riverlengthhasreduced to 1,375 km, especially after the mainstream and major tributaries weresegmentedbybarragesbuildbetween1930’sandearly1970’s.The

The previous range of Indus Dolphin that was 3,500 km of river length has reduced to 1,375 km


decreasing water supply and the consequent reduction in available habitat in the form of deep pools have also led to decline in population.TheIndusDolphinsub-populationsdownstreamTaunsaBarrageiscontiguouswiththeChashma–TaunsaandTaunsa–Guddusub-population.Therefore,forabroaderconservationstrategy,theTaunsa–GuddusectionhastobedeclaredasprotectedforIndusdolphin.Theoccurrenceof freshwaterturtlesinTBWSiswidelythreatenedbythefishermanandgroupsencampedalongriverIndusforcatchingsoftshellturtles to obtain a small hinder part of the carapace for selling purpose. Theexistingpaceof catchingturtlesfortradehasincreasedtoanalarmingextentandneedsimmediateattentionbeforetheygetextinct.

Thereisnoauthenticreportavailableregardingtheexistingpopulationof Hogdeerinthearea.However,themajorconcentrationisintheBela/coreareaof theSanctuary.Although,therearenonaturalpredatorof Hog Deer, but still they are susceptible to illegal hunting, especially during thefloodseasonwhentheydisperseoutof thecorearea.Thehighhuntingpressure is due to the fact that the surrounding areas of the Sanctuary are cultivated and natural Riverine vegetation is depleted and has negatively impacted the migration routes of the population. The situation of food supplyinthecoreareaisalsoeffectedbylivestockpressure.Aconsiderationcan be given to supplementing the wild population of Hog deer by captive stockbuttheprocesshastobeinlinewiththeIUCNguidelinesforthespecies reintroduction developed by Reintroduction Specialist Group.

Table 10: Wildlife management related interventions

The pond area on either side of the sanctuary has always been under the temporary cultivation

S. NO. INTERVENTION PRIORITY RESPONSIBILITY TIME PERIOD Primary Secondary

1. Develop an effective monitoring mechanism for illegal hunting and trapping migratory birds.


WWF-Pakistan Regular activity

2. Establish a database on the distribution, habitat, abundance and behaviour of wildlife species, both resident and migratory especially for species of concern. This should be augmented by research such as radio tagging of Hog Deer to understand the movement and seasonal pattern, camera trapping to evaluate the minimum abundance and fecal sample analysis to determine food preferences so that the preferred species could be planted and protected



3. Based on the above data, recommendation shall be framed for any proposed changes and alteration in the boundaries of TBWS.

Long Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department

- Long Term

4. The northeastern part of the core area is high in elevation as compared to extreme south, towards Barrage. Some highlands should be developed for refuge of wildlife during flood season.



5. In order to manipulate the optimal distribution of Hog Deer population artificial salt lick spots be developed at selected sites of the core area.



6. Annual exclusive survey for Hog deer shall be conducted to determine the population and its distribution in the TBWS. The study of number of fawns through the survey will assist in evaluation of reproductive trend and sex ratio of Hog deer in the area.



7. Special patrolling of river area will be carried out during flood season to rescue Hog Deer


- Long Term

9. Private bunds in pond areas will be removed, as the site is critical to ducks and resident birds, including critically endangered species.


Punjab Irrigation Department

Medium Term

10. Exclusive awareness campaign will be initiated against the turtle catching and trade.



11. The study conducted in KP for Siberian Crane under Pakistan Wetlands programme will be extended at TBWS, associating International Crane Foundation.

Medium WWF-Pakistan Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department

Long Term

12. The scoping exercise for re-introduction of Marsh Crocodile will be carried out.

Medium WWF-Pakistan Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department

Long Term

13. Prosecution cases against the offenders in different courts will be persuaded vigorously.


- Medium Term

14 Mid-winter counts of waterfowls will be regularly carried out by the PWRI, Faisalabad.



The local wildlife including all types of mammals reptiles, amphibians and birds are the primary product of TBWS

8.5.1. Implementation Plan1. The most vital part of the implementation plan for wildlife management

istheproactivemonitoringregimebythestaffof PunjabWildlifeandParks Department against illegal hunting and catching of migratory birds.Thelistof ChallansissuedbytheDepartment(AnnexXVII)sinceJuly2013representsveryfewincidencesof huntingandthattooonlyforducksinadditiontofewoffencespertainingtoillegalcultivation.Itisbelievedthataftertheinfrastructuralandinstitutionalinterventions, the patrolling, monitoring and protection activities will be enhanced for improving the management of the Sanctuary.

2. Inordertoanalyzethetrendsof illegalhunting,theDepartmentwilldevelopadatabaseformonitoringmechanismatthesiteofficetorecordthefrequencyof incidences,season,quantity,typesof offenders,specieshunted,siteof occurrenceof offenceandtheactiontakenbytheDepartment. The information thus obtained will assist the department in decision making for taking appropriate remedial measures for future and focus on special areas.

3. The local wildlife including all types of mammals, reptiles, amphibians andbirdsaretheprimaryproductof TBWS.Apartfromstudiesandsurveys conducted periodically by WWF-Pakistan, there is neither any formal database nor any plan in place with the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department to quantify the abundance of various wildlife species. Withtheassistanceof WWF-Pakistan,thePWRIandlocalstaffwilldevelop a study mechanism with appropriate time intervals for the censusof wildlifeatTBWS.

4. Theoccurrenceof floodisusualattheBarragewithvaryingintensityevery year. Currently, there is no contingent plan for rescue of wildlife in the area. Keeping in view various anticipated threats, the Department will develop a strategy for such type of plans in association with WWF-PakistanlinkedwithfloodfightingplanpreparedannuallybythePunjabIrrigationDepartmentandwiththefloodplainmanagementinitiativeof WWF-Pakistan.

5. Hogdeerisoneof theprimarywildlifeof theSanctuary.Unfortunately,there is neither any management plan in place to address their proper scientificmanagementnoranyinformationisavailableregardingtheirabundance and the challenges being faced by them. The department will conduct survey and sample studies to identify their concentration inspecificsitesof coreareaanddevelopplanfortheirevendistributionwith suitable interventions.

6. The department with the assistance of WWF-Pakistan will develop a leafletof fewpagesindicatingthespeciesof specialconcernincludingmigratory birds, which will be supplied to individual at the time of issuance of annual shooting licenses. The activity will not only sensitize the license holders but will also communicate a message for not undertakinganyillegalhuntingof thespeciesmentionedintheleaflets.

7. The pond areas on either side of the river are uneven in topography with the presence of small earthen bunds developed by the temporary cultivators for protection of their crop. These structures create hindranceinthemovementof waterduringfloodsandrestrictthefillingof depressions with river water. The Department will ensure the gradual removalof thesebundswiththeassistanceof thePunjabIrrigationDepartment to allow the establishment of water bodies, critical to resident birds and ducks.

8. With this assistance of WWF-Pakistan, the Department will conduct a study for re-introduction of Marsh Crocodile in the area through naturalandartificialincubation.Inthisrespect,necessarycoordinationwillbemadewiththeregionalWildlifeResearchInstitutestostudythe


pros and cons of the proposal.9. The Punjab Fisheries and Wildlife and Parks Department will initiate

acoordinatedeffortfortheprotectionof freshwaterturtles.Specialclausesinthefishcontractswillbeincludedwithhighpenaltiesforcatching and killing of turtles. The perusal of Challans issued by the Punjab Fisheries and Wildlife and Parks Departments indicates noincidenceonrecordforcatchingorkillingof turtlesinTBWS,despite the fact that they are being removed for economic value of theirbodypartsbythefishercommunity.Boththedepartmentswillplace signboards at prominent places for awareness and launch special campaign collectively to curb the activity in the area.

10.TheTBWSMCwilldevelopaprotocolfortimelydecisionof offencecasesof Fisheries&WildlifeDepartmentspendinginvariouscourts.Inorder to sensitize the judiciary over the importance of conservation and preservation of wildlife, visits of judiciary to information center will be arranged by the WWF-Pakistan and the department.

8.6. Fisheries Management Fish is one of the most abundant and diverse groups of animals in the reservoir area. Despite its economic importance, many aquatic organisms directlyorindirectlydependuponfishfortheirfood.Representativesof almostallthevertebrategroupsfeedonfish.Amongthecetaceans,Platanista gangetica minor(BlindIndusDolphin),whichistheendangeredspeciesexclusively,dependsuponfishforitsfood.Lutrogale perspicillata(IndianSmooth-coatedOtter)alsofeedsuponthefish.Atleast42speciesof birdsintheTaunsaBarrageareadependuponfishfortheirfood.Theymostlytakeupthetrashfishthatisanaturalwayof puttingthisresourceintofloodchain.Theriverturtlesalsodependuponfishfortheirfood.Carnivorousfishesalsofeeduponsmallherbivorefishes.Inadditiontotherelianceonfishbyotheranimals,thefishproductionitself isagreatcommercialactivitygoingonatthesanctuary.ItisnotonlyprovidingrevenuetotheFisheries Department, though against the spirit of a Sanctuary, but also livelihoodof largenumberof communitiesisassociatedwiththefishingactivity. Currently, beside other management and enforcement issues the maintenanceof biodiversityof fishintheriverneedsimmediateattention.

Fish is one of the most abundant and diverse group of animals in the reservoir area

The Fisheries Department in consultation with other stakeholders will restrain from introduction of exotic species

8.6.1. Implementation Plan1. Thefishingactivitiesandrelatedissuesandthreatshavebeendiscussed

atnumberof placesinthefirstpartof themanagementplan,withprimaryconcernof unsustainablefishingcontractintheSanctuaryarea. Secondly, the human resource deployed at site is not skilled enoughtoensureproperandeffectiveregulationof contractualconditions mentioned in the agreement between the department and the contractor.

2. Inviewof theabove,thePunjabWildlifeandParksDepartmentwill hold formal meetings with the Punjab Fisheries Department for discussing appropriate legal, policy and management interventions discussed at Table 11.

Table 11: Fisheries management related interventions

S. NO.


1. The existing contract of the contractor will be reviewed to make necessary changes regarding the use of mesh sizes in the pond area to ensure a big catch in future.

High Fisheries Deptt. - Short Term

2. Enforcement of strict measures for fishermen and the contractor to curb over-fishing (small and weight) will be ensured.

High Fisheries deptt. - Short Term

3. The staff of Punjab Fisheries Department will monitor the process of releasing back the small under-sized fish in the water to help keep the stock healthy.

Medium Fisheries Deptt. - Medium Term

4. Enforcement regime will be strengthened to avoid fishing during breeding season (June to August). The restrictions associated with penal action against the violation by contractor in particular and fishermen community in general will be notified and included in the contractual agreement.

High Fisheries Deptt. - Short Term

5. The Punjab Fisheries Department shall replicate the study of fish biodiversity at TBWS, which was recently carried out at Chashma Barrage. The study will indicate the increase or declining trends of local fish species.

High Fisheries Deptt. - Long Term

6. Based on the findings of above study, the Department will develop the replenishment plan at Taunsa Barrage to ensure the presence of local species.

Medium Fisheries Deptt. - Short Term

7. The area immediately upstream of reservoir gates is declared as Sanctuary area for fishing as maximum fish is concentrated in that area. The Punjab Fisheries Department will ensure the restrictions implemented on fish catch in this particular area with the assistance of Punjab Irrigation Department

High Fisheries Deptt. Irrigation Department

Short Term

8. The fish ladders at barrage are almost non-functional. The Department will persuade the Punjab Irrigation Department for necessary modification in the structure to ensure smooth upstream and downstream passage for the fish.

Low Fisheries Deptt. Irrigation Department

Long Term

9. The exotic species, especially Tilapia has imposed a negative impact on the population of major carps. The Department will ensure that such exotic species are not included in the replenishment stock.

High Fisheries Deptt. - Medium Term

10. The issue of exotic species in natural waters will be deliberated in the meeting of Provincial Wetlands Management Committee for appropriate policy decision to maintain the ecological integrity of all the protected areas including Taunsa Barrage.

High Fisheries Deptt. WWF – Pakistan

Medium Term

11. Special campaign will be initiated through involvement of fishermen communities to address the issue of illegal capturing and illegal trade of the turtle parts. The Punjab Fisheries Department will issue an enforcement mechanism to check the menace to facilitate the population increase of turtles, which are at currently at critical stage.

High Fisheries Deptt. WWF – Pakistan

Long Term

12. The Punjab Fisheries Department will develop a code of ethics to regulate year round fishing in collaboration with the contractors and fishing communities covering all the legal, prohibited, and regulatory and enforcement issues discussed in above prescribed interventions.

Medium Fisheries Deptt. - Medium Term


The Fisheries Department in consultation with other stakeholders will restrain from introduction of exotic species

3. The Punjab Fisheries Department in consultation with other stakeholderswillrestrainfromintroductionof exoticspecies.Similarly,as a replica of biodiversity study carried out at Chashma special study willalsobeconductedforTBWSwithsupplementof fishstockthroughbiodiversityhatcherydevelopedatChashmaBarrage.

8.7. Social MobilizationTheeffortstowardssocialmobilizationandcommunityparticipationneedto be carefully chosen and initiated with a long-term view rather than short-term implementation aims. Communities in the region follow occupations that have been handed over to them over generations and with low literacy and few economic development opportunities, there are limited alternatives for them. Any change in livelihoods, initiated for duration of a short-term period,islikelytomakelittlepermanentmarkonchangingtheextractionpatterns that characterize anthropogenic pressure on the Sanctuary. Since high levels of poverty, especially among communities that use the Sanctuary resources, characterize the area, promoting peoples participation can play a key role changing the management and use of the Sanctuary. However, theexistingsocialstructureof theareaisextremelyhierarchicalandtheinfluenceof largelandownersisundeniable.Introducinganysocialorganization in such a region must be a very slow and demands sustained approach.Itmaybeusefultopromotethisatausergrouplevelratherthanvillage level since occupations are tied closely to ethnic distinctions.

The on-going project of WWF-Pakistan can be instrumental for formation of CBO’sasthefocusof theprojectisimprovementinthelivelihoodof thecommunities.Itwilldevelopconfidenceamongthecommunitiesandtheiractivities could be managed after formal training and awareness towards larger interest of conservation of Sanctuary as well as implementation of interventions proposed in the Management Plan.

Table 12: Social mobilization related interventions

S. NO.


1. Followed by the identification of activities in the surrounding communities in general and fishermen communities in particular, number of local CBO will be increased, representing the entire area of the TBWS. All activities of social mobilization and implementation of prescription of the Management Plan pertaining to local population will be implemented through these CBOs.

High Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department, WWF-Pakistan

- Short Term

2. In addition, strategy will be formulated to form CBOs of people engaged in exploitation of NTFPs and explore possibility of alternate livelihood to reduce the pace of removal of natural resource of the area. Database will be developed to quantify such exploitation, convert into monetary gains and the end use of the produce to appreciate the role of wetland in the economic condition of communities.

Medium WWF-Pakistan - Medium Term

3. Socio-economic studies should be carried out to determine the role of NTFPs in the livelihood of communities, wholly or partially dependent on their harvesting and linking the same with the value-added products produced.

Low WWF-Pakistan - Medium Term

4. Research studies should be conducted to determine the average fuelwood consumption at household level and impact of alternative energy sources to appreciate the economic value of the wetland.


5. Strengthening of watch and ward shall be ensured through additional staff of wildlife, taking the local political leadership on board and by involving volunteer watchers at TBWS.

High Wildlife Deptt. - Medium Term

6. In addition to the staff of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department, volunteers' game watchers from communities shall be selected and trained. The volunteer watchers shall also be provided with basic equipment for use during their patrolling. The skills need to be promoted in volunteer watchers for identification of birds and waterfowls.


7. With the help of local communities, CBOs and volunteer watchers poaching on freshwater turtle shall be stopped. The staff of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department shall identify the local linkages with people involved in illegal trade of turtles. An independent campaign shall be initiated for protection and conservation of this endangered wildlife of TBWS.


8. The staff and local communities shall be trained in disaster management especially during floods and rescuing human and animal lives and other valuables. Special focus will be on large mammal's rescue and translocation.

High WWF-Pakistan - Short Term

9. Followed by training need assessment, skill enhancement trainings will be conducted for the communities to enable them to pursue other livelihood options, such as eco-tourism and home based enterprises, in order to enhance their incomes.

High WWF-Pakistan - Medium Term

10. Migratory and resident wildlife population data shall be regularly maintained for which the local communities, CBOs and wildlife staff will be trained for identification as well as recording of site with the help of GPS.


11. Linkages of CBOs will be established with potential donors to help them to sustain and expand their activities in future.

Medium WWF-Pakistan - Long Term

12. In addition, community representatives will be given training on operating and maintaining the alternate energy units.

Medium WWF-Pakistan - -

13. Organize CBOs in two categories: The CBOs representing a cluster of villages having stakes in the natural resource of the TBWS in shape of fuelwood, hunting, grazing and exploitation of NTFP. The second category of CBO shall represent the fishermen communities to address their livelihood issues and enforcement against illegal practices pertaining to fish catch.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Long Term

14. An umbrella Management Committee of local communities shall also be established to assist the official TBWSMC. The members of the Umbrella Management Committee will be the representative of all CBOs operating in the area.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Long Term

15. Provide training to local communities in skill development and enhancement to improve their alternate livelihood including vocational, livestock and cottage industry.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Medium Term

16. Promote tunnel technology for raising vegetables (off season) especially for communities with small land holdings, in association with local staff of Punjab Agriculture Department as an additional source of income.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Medium Term

17. Provide training to local community activists and representatives of CBOs of fishermen communities as guides, boatmen and support staff in enhancing opportunities of eco-tourism through community collaboration.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Medium Term

18. Employ local activist in short term assignments pertaining to implementation for confidence building in management activities.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Short Term 19. Enhance linkage and partnership with other governmental

or non-governmental programmes operational in the area for supporting local livelihood.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Medium Term


S. NO.


1. Followed by the identification of activities in the surrounding communities in general and fishermen communities in particular, number of local CBO will be increased, representing the entire area of the TBWS. All activities of social mobilization and implementation of prescription of the Management Plan pertaining to local population will be implemented through these CBOs.

High Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department, WWF-Pakistan

- Short Term

2. In addition, strategy will be formulated to form CBOs of people engaged in exploitation of NTFPs and explore possibility of alternate livelihood to reduce the pace of removal of natural resource of the area. Database will be developed to quantify such exploitation, convert into monetary gains and the end use of the produce to appreciate the role of wetland in the economic condition of communities.


3. Socio-economic studies should be carried out to determine the role of NTFPs in the livelihood of communities, wholly or partially dependent on their harvesting and linking the same with the value-added products produced.


4. Research studies should be conducted to determine the average fuelwood consumption at household level and impact of alternative energy sources to appreciate the economic value of the wetland.


5. Strengthening of watch and ward shall be ensured through additional staff of wildlife, taking the local political leadership on board and by involving volunteer watchers at TBWS.

High Wildlife Deptt. - Medium Term

6. In addition to the staff of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department, volunteers' game watchers from communities shall be selected and trained. The volunteer watchers shall also be provided with basic equipment for use during their patrolling. The skills need to be promoted in volunteer watchers for identification of birds and waterfowls.


7. With the help of local communities, CBOs and volunteer watchers poaching on freshwater turtle shall be stopped. The staff of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department shall identify the local linkages with people involved in illegal trade of turtles. An independent campaign shall be initiated for protection and conservation of this endangered wildlife of TBWS.


8. The staff and local communities shall be trained in disaster management especially during floods and rescuing human and animal lives and other valuables. Special focus will be on large mammal's rescue and translocation.


9. Followed by training need assessment, skill enhancement trainings will be conducted for the communities to enable them to pursue other livelihood options, such as eco-tourism and home based enterprises, in order to enhance their incomes.

High WWF-Pakistan - Medium Term

10. Migratory and resident wildlife population data shall be regularly maintained for which the local communities, CBOs and wildlife staff will be trained for identification as well as recording of site with the help of GPS.


11. Linkages of CBOs will be established with potential donors to help them to sustain and expand their activities in future.


12. In addition, community representatives will be given training on operating and maintaining the alternate energy units.

Medium WWF-Pakistan - -

13. Organize CBOs in two categories: The CBOs representing a cluster of villages having stakes in the natural resource of the TBWS in shape of fuelwood, hunting, grazing and exploitation of NTFP. The second category of CBO shall represent the fishermen communities to address their livelihood issues and enforcement against illegal practices pertaining to fish catch.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Long Term

14. An umbrella Management Committee of local communities shall also be established to assist the official TBWSMC. The members of the Umbrella Management Committee will be the representative of all CBOs operating in the area.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Long Term

15. Provide training to local communities in skill development and enhancement to improve their alternate livelihood including vocational, livestock and cottage industry.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Medium Term

16. Promote tunnel technology for raising vegetables (off season) especially for communities with small land holdings, in association with local staff of Punjab Agriculture Department as an additional source of income.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Medium Term

17. Provide training to local community activists and representatives of CBOs of fishermen communities as guides, boatmen and support staff in enhancing opportunities of eco-tourism through community collaboration.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Medium Term

18. Employ local activist in short term assignments pertaining to implementation for confidence building in management activities.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Short Term 19. Enhance linkage and partnership with other governmental

or non-governmental programmes operational in the area for supporting local livelihood.

High

WWF-Pakistan

-

Medium Term

8.7.1. Implementation Plan1.TheWWF-PakistanunderitsongoingprojectatTBWSwilldevelopa

communityprofileof surroundingcommunitiesindicatingpopulationand livelihood related activities including their level of dependence ontheresourcesof TBWS.Basedontheinformation,CBOswillbeentrusted with multiple assignments such as alternate energy, livelihood sources,tourism,fishingactivities,wildlifeprotectionandimplementationof various interventions.

2. The core or umbrella community management committee will be establishedwithrepresentationfromallCBOs,whichwillassisttheTBWSMCintheImplementationof theManagementPlan.

3. The capacity building initiatives shall be planned by WWF-Pakistan for thecommunitiesingeneralandCBOsinparticular,meetingtheoverallobjectives of the Management Plan.

4.TheCBOswillbeinvolvedincarryingoutbasicstudiesandsurveysof naturalresourcesof TBWSlinkedwithsocial-economicassessmentof communities.

5.Theproductiveinvolvementof CBOstowardsprotectionof wildlifeof the area will be ensured by the Punjab Fisheries and Wildlife and Parks Departments.

8.8. Public Awareness and EducationTraining and awareness raising initiatives have proved as good means of promoting some changes and have already shown results in sensitizing the localcommunitiestowardstheconservationof theIndusDolphin.However,these need to be backed with tangible economic incentives for local people to ensure that any gains in conservation are not attained through a resultant increase in vulnerability of rural livelihoods. The focused mass awareness campaignforconservationof TBWSisapre-requisiteforsuccessfulimplementationof themanagementplan.Itwillnotonlyserveasanactivity for dissemination of information but also help self-reliance by the local population. Apart from awareness, the publicity campaigns could play a vital role towards promotion of touristic activities in the area.

Table 13: Public awareness and education related interventions

S. NO.


1. Energy use programme for target communities will be developed by studying their existing natural resources usage and finding appropriate solutions to reduce their dependency on fuelwood and Typha for cooking purposes.


2. To reduce the dependence of surrounding communities on natural resources to meet their energy needs, alternatives including fuel efficient stoves, biogas plants and solar power units will be supplied


3. Livelihood Development Plans will be developed based on community consultations, socio-economic surveys, needs assessments and market surveys to identify suitable options for training and enterprise development.


4. The office of Education Officer posted at Information Center (Taunsa Information Center) will be equipped with facilities like multimedia, CD player, documentaries, films on TBWS, printed material etc. for effective communication with the visitors and educating the groups, delegations and students visiting the center. The Education Officer would be trained in guiding the visitors for various touristic facilities as a publicity campaign.

High Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department;

WWF-Pakistan

- Medium Term

5. Small section at Tourist Information Center may be designated for display of natural resource based product prepared by the communities for sale and thereby providing them an outlet to their product without any middlemen.

Medium WWF-Pakistan - Short Term

6. Involve electronic media highlighting the importance of TBWS as national heritage through interviews, documentaries, visit of delegations and student groups to information center and articles in the newspapers.


7. Develop a consortium of NGOs operating in the district with special focus on environmental issues as a pressure group for advocacy of protection and conservation of local flora and fauna at TBWS.

Low WWF-Pakistan - Short Term

8. Three types of signage will be developed at TBWS: directional, educational and warning for general public visiting the Sanctuary.


WWF- Pakistan

Short Term

9. Training and awareness – raising initiatives shall be taken to promote some change in the attitude of the local communities and sensitizing them towards conservation of natural resources in TBWS.


WWF- Pakistan

Short Term

10. The biodiversity value and the importance of ecosystem of the TBWS shall be promoted to general public.



11. In consultation with Punjab Irrigation Medium WWF-Pakistan Punjab Wildlife and Short Term

8.8.1. Implementation Plan1. The interventions proposed at Table-13, shall be implemented jointly by the Wildlife Department, Fisheries Department and WWF-Pakistan. Inordertoreachoutpublicatlargeallthethreeorganizationshavespecialized publicity unit. The awareness campaign shall be designed throughpoolingof humanphysicalandfinancialsourcestoachievetheproposedinterventions.Inadditiontotheproposedprescriptions,allthethreeorganizationswillalsodevelopdifferentpublicitymaterialformassawareness including use of printed and electronic media.

2. The local level campaign will be designed by the WWF-Pakistan and jointlyimplementedbyWildlifeandFisheriesDepartments.Itwillinvolve


S. NO.


1. The Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department shall sign a MoU with Tourism Development Corporation of Punjab for joint exploration of touristic attractions of facilities at TBWS.


Tourism & Resort Development Department

- Short Term

2. Promote eco-tourism and camping with the assistance from Punjab Tourism and Resort Development Department.

Medium Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department;

Tourism & Resort Development Department


3. Provide space to Punjab Tourism & Resort Development Department within the premises of Taunsa Information Center for the establishment of their site office if needed.


Tourism & Resort Development Department;

WWF-Pakistan

- Medium Term

4. Assist Punjab Tourism & Resort Development Department in development of publicity campaign including preparation of printed material for awareness of public in general and tourists in particular.

Medium Tourism & Resort Development Department;

WWF-Pakistan

- Medium Term

5. The peculiar geographic location of district Muzaffargarh provides an opportunity of having 8 districts touching its boundary. The local tour operators of eight districts may be sensitized for arranging visit of tourist to TBWS.

Low Tourism & Resort Development Department

Punjab Wildlife and Parks

Department

Long Term

6. Safety procedures for tourists will be formulated and implemented along with training of staff for their dissemination.

Low Tourism & Resort Development Department

Punjab Wildlife and Parks

Department

Long Term

7. To develop public interest for bird watching and sighting of Indus Dolphin, sites shall be developed at selected places with appropriate publicity through tourist information center and signage.

Medium WWF-Pakistan Punjab Wildlife and Parks

Department

Medium Term

8. Picnic sites shall be developed at places where scenic beauty of barrage can be witnessed. The site will be equipped with picnic table, dustbins, gazebos and small children gadgets. Small publicity board of TBWS will also be installed at each site.



9. Tourism shall be managed to ensure that it does not contribute to environmental degradation or cultural disintegration.


- Long Term

local level meetings participated by local political leadership to raise the level of message in a formal manners.

3. The Fisheries Department will establish a small aquarium at the Informationcenteranddisplayimportantfishspeciesonthepatternof oneestablishedatChashmaBarrageforeducationof thevisitors.

8.9. Tourism and RecreationTaunsa Wildlife Sanctuary holds the potential to become a tourist spot aslongastouristnumberstotheareaarecarefullycontrolled.Itisfairlyclose to the barrage and quite easily accessible by boat to a steady stream of touristsfromMultanandadjoiningareas.Inparticular,theareahasattractedpeoplefortheIndusBoatSafariatthesanctuarycanformanaddedattractionforanexistingtourismbase.However,thefacilitiesfortourism need further development for which the Tourism and Resort Development Department should formally be taken on board. The staging ground of migratory birds in winter can also attract large number of bird watchers to the sanctuary area.

Table 14: Tourism and recreation related interventions

8.9.1. Implementation Plan1. The single most important intervention proposed in the Management

Planformassawarenessistheup-gradationof existingTaunsaInformationCenterdevelopedbyWWF-PakistanandPunjabWildlifeand Parks Department. The proposed uplift by the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department has already been discussed under infrastructural interventionsinBox9.Apartfromtheabovestatedaddition,WWF-Pakistan is also in the process of enhancement of facilities at the Taunsa InformationCenterthroughitsongoingprojectsandprogrammesbeingfundedbyDFIDandotherdonors.

2. WWF-Pakistan will coordinate with the Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department in the development of improvement plan for the Taunsa InformationCenterwithdefinedrolesandresponsibility,whichwillassistthe Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department in preparing their own project to be funded under the development budget.

3. The leading local tour operators will be invited after the completion of up-gradationworkatTaunsaInformationCenteralongwiththerepresentative of Tourism & Resort Development Department for designingandexplorationof avenuesregardingtouristicattractionsatsite and planning tours of visitors. The community activists especially involved in boating and dolphin safari, will be taken on board for their formal training and development of linkages and coordination with the tour operators.

8.10. Research and Database Management Research studies in a protected area with the objectives of sustainable management and addressing social issues has never been on any research priority of the government institutions. The main focus is usually on the census and counts of mammals and birds of concerned species in differentecologicalareas.ThecurrentManagementPlanitself providesan opportunity for various studies in line with the proposed interventions whoseextentof implementationandimpactscanbestudied.AlltheinformationavailableforTBWShasbeengeneratedbyWWF-Pakistanforboth biological and socio-economic studies. However, this database can be complied for using as a baseline for future research plans.

The single most important intervention proposed in the Management Plan for mass awareness is the up-gradation of existing Information Center


S. NO.


1. The Punjab Forestry Research Institute (PFRI) and Punjab Wildlife Research Institute (PWRI) will consolidate all the research reports, surveys census, baseline studies and assessments already conducted by the WWF-Pakistan under the Pakistan Wetlands Programme and thereafter. In addition, both the Institutes will develop research projects in TBWS.


Punjab Forest Department; WWF-Pakistan

- Short Term

2. The PWRI and PFRI will develop different study plans in continuation to the existing resource oriented reports to meet the gaps and addressing divergent topics for future works.


WWF-P

- Medium Term

3. The study plans shall mainly focus the management issues and outcome of various interventions of the Management Plan, making research and management complimentary to each other.

High Wildlife Deptt. Forest Deptt.

WWF-P

- Medium Term

4. The research methods and study plan shall not be only ecological or biological oriented, but shall cover the social and economic issues including the community responses and enforcement efficiency.



5. Coordination will be developed between the Baha-ud-Din Zikarya University, Multan and Islamia University, Bahawalpur for academic research projects / thesis on ecological, biological and social issues.

Medium Wildlife Deptt.. WWF-P

- Long Term

6. The researchers from different academic institutions shall be provided access to literature and expertise at PWRI and PFRI for collaborative proposals. Both the institutes shall be responsible for monitoring and documentation of research studies being under taken at TBWS.


- Long Term

7. Apart from research studies, joint periodic surveys shall be planned by PWRI, PFRI and WWF-Pakistan covering the biodiversity status at TBWS. Likewise, social survey will also be carried out to obtain feedback from communities, visitors and general public indicating the awareness level for conservation and preservation.

High Wildlife Deptt. WWF-P

- Medium Term

8. The Fisheries Research Institute at Manawan, Lahore and Biodiversity Hatchery at Chashma shall be involved in research studies at TBWS.

Medium Fisheries Deptt. - Long Term

9. Scoping exercise will be carried out for reintroduction of different wildlife species endemic to the area.

Medium WWF-P - Long Term

10. Vegetation enclosures shall be established at appropriate locations to study the vegetation dynamics over a long run.

Low WWF-P - Long Term

11. Level of adaption of alternate energy resources and its furtherance in the communities shall be monitored through research studies in association with energy sector organization.

Low WWF-P - Medium Term

12. Regular inventories should be conducted with special focus on migratory birds to ascertain their frequency of

High Wildlife Deptt. WWF-P

- Medium Term

Table 15: Research related interventions 8.10.1. Implementation Plan1. WWF-PakistanwillcompilealltheTBWSrelatedinformationinthe

shape of studies and surveys conducted earlier, in shape of hard and softcopiesfortheconsumptionof PWRIandPFRI.Itwillalsosuggestbroader research plan for biological and social studies of the area. The potential of research in shape of comprehensive proposal will be circulated to the academia in the surrounding district as a guideline for researchtopicsforstudentspursuingdegreesinrelatedfield.

2. TheinformationonTBWSavailablewithWWF-Pakistanwillbeexclusivelyplacedonthewebsiteof TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary.

3. ThePFRIandPWRIwillalsodevelopcoordinatedresearchproposalwith the universities located in the adjacent districts for issues related to TBWS.Similarly,studyplanwillalsobepreparedbyPunjabWildlifeand Parks Department to study the environmental parameters in associationwiththeEnvironmentProtectionDepartment,Punjab.


Chapter 9 FINANCIAL PLAN

Theimplementationof themanagementPlanunderdifferentcomponentshas been discussed in Chapter 8. The proposed interventions could bebroadlycategorizedinfivecategories:policyissues,institutionaldevelopment, infrastructural interventions, ecological programme management and social mobilization. The actions proposed in each categoryalsoindicatesthenameof department/organizationwithprimary and secondary responsibility for its implementation. However, each prescription to be implemented by any department also requires adequate finances,especiallyinthecaseof infrastructuralinterventionsandecologicalmanagement. The item-wise costing of such interventions has not been madeapartof theplan,keepingitflexibleinmonetaryterms.However,abroaderoverviewof possiblefinancialassistanceforimplementationof theManagement Plan has been made in the table below:

Table 16: Financial Assistance Plan

PLAN FOR ANTICIPATED FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE S.

No. Activities Source of Funding

1. Civil works including site offices, residences, boundary pillars, check posts, watch towers etc.

Development budget of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department

2. Additional watch & ward staff, equipment, kits, salaries, mobility etc.


3. Habitat and Wildlife Management selected activities

• Non-development budget of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department

• On-going project of WWF-Pakistan 4. Training and capacity building.

Alternate energy source and livelihood interventions

On-going project of WWF-Pakistan

5. Surveys, inventories, census and research studies

• WWF-Pakistan • Research fund of PFRI and PWRI

6. Training to fishermen, fixation of boards and other mas motivation and publicity activities

• Development budget of Punjab Fisheries Department


• WWF-Pakistan 7. Operational cost and small

interventions Corporate Sector funding under their Corporate Social Responsibility

8. Improvement and development work

From southern package of district government Muzaffargarh and DG Khan divisions

9. Tourist facilities • Tourism & Resort Development Department • District Government, Muzaffargarh • WWF-Pakistan • Tour operators • Communities

10. Petty expenditure Sale of souvenirs, entry tickets, donations 11. Future plans (scoping exercise, re-

introduction Plans) International donor agencies

PLAN FOR ANTICIPATED FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE S.

No. Activities Source of Funding

1. Civil works including site offices, residences, boundary pillars, check posts, watch towers etc.


2. Additional watch & ward staff, equipment, kits, salaries, mobility etc.


3. Habitat and Wildlife Management selected activities


• On-going project of WWF-Pakistan 4. Training and capacity building.

Alternate energy source and livelihood interventions

On-going project of WWF-Pakistan

5. Surveys, inventories, census and research studies

• WWF-Pakistan • Research fund of PFRI and PWRI

6. Training to fishermen, fixation of boards and other mas motivation and publicity activities

• Development budget of Punjab Fisheries Department


• WWF-Pakistan 7. Operational cost and small

interventions Corporate Sector funding under their Corporate Social Responsibility

8. Improvement and development work

From southern package of district government Muzaffargarh and DG Khan divisions

9. Tourist facilities • Tourism & Resort Development Department • District Government, Muzaffargarh • WWF-Pakistan • Tour operators • Communities

10. Petty expenditure Sale of souvenirs, entry tickets, donations 11. Future plans (scoping exercise, re-

introduction Plans) International donor agencies


ANNEX I: NOTIFICATION OF COMMITTEE FOR PREPARATION OF MANAGEMENT PLAN

ANNEXES

ANNEX IIQUESTIONNAIRE CIRCULATED TO ALL STAKEHOLDERS

S. No. Questions Responding Department

1 Why we need a management plan? WWF-Pakistan, Forest & Wildlife

2 What are the conflicting or competing interests in the area? Forests, Fisheries & Wildlife

3 Why it was declared game Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

4 What were expected results for declaring Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

5 What are actual results obtained by declaring Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

6 What are the existing management practices of department at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Wildlife and Parks

7 What are the issues required to be addressed in the management plan? Wildlife and Parks

8 What opportunities exist at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

9 What are the threats at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

10 What are proposed solutions to address threats? Wildlife and Parks

11 What are proposed action to make use of opportunities? Wildlife and Parks

12 How the role of community can be made useful at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

13 Who are the stakeholders at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks; WWF-Pakistan

14 What is the level of involvement of each stakeholder? Wildlife and Parks; WWF-Pakistan

15 What are opportunities and threats at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Forests & Fisheries

16 What are social and economic elements influencing at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Forests, Fisheries and Wildlife

17 How the local knowledge and traditional culture can be put in use at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Forests, Fisheries and Wildlife

18 What are the key features at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? WWF-Pakistan, Wildlife & Forests

19 What type of zoning can be made at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Forests and Wildlife

20 What inputs are required from District Government? Fisheries, Wildlife & Forests

21 What type of restoration or rehabilitation work is required at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Forest and Wildlife

22 What type of mass awareness & how the same can be created? WWF-Pakistan & Wildlife

23 What are the external issues (from outside) effecting the Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife & Forests

24 What type of rules & legal instruments are additionally required for management of Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

WWF-Pakistan, Wildlife, Forest & Fisheries

25 What financial resources are required for implementing of management plan at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Wildlife & Forests

26 What is the scope of having CBO’s around Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary with clear functions?

Wildlife, Forest & Fisheries

27 What are gaps in the information available & information required at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?


28 What could be the overall objectives of management plan? WWF-Pakistan

29 What could be issue specific responses in the management plan? WWF-Pakistan

30 What could be the objectives to address visitor facilitation, education & training, protected area services, administration, income generation, research & survey and habitat management?

WWF-Pakistan, Forest, Wildlife & Fisheries

31 What is the exceptional value of Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? WWF-Pakistan

32 What is the staff position deployed in and around Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife, Forest & Fisheries

33 What role Punjab Irrigation & Power Department can play at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?


34 What is the role of Forest Department in & around Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Forests

35 What is the role of Fisheries Department in & around Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Fisheries

36 What is the role of Wildlife Department in & around Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

37 How the department can play more proactive role at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary for improvement addressing specific issues?

Wildlife, Forests & Fisheries

38 What type of database is required for present staff and for future monitoring and evaluation? Wildlife, Forests & Fisheries

39 How a formal wetland policy can play role at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? WWF-Pakistan & Wildlife

40 What are the law enforcing issues? Wildlife, Forests & Fisheries

41 What touristic interventions can be made and by which department? WWF-Pakistan, Wildlife & Forests

42 What role for watch and wad can be played by communities and with what incentive? Wildlife and Parks

43 How grazing can be regulated? Forest, Wildlife and Parks

44 What role local political leadership can play to address grazing & law enforcement? Wildlife, Forests & Fisheries

45 What assistance is required to make the cottage industry more viable? WWF-Pakistan & Communities

46 What is the scope of reintroduction of Wildlife species at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary adapting to local conditions?

WWF-Pakistan & Wildlife

47 What type of training to communities could be useful? Communities & WWF-Pakistan

48 What is the scope of introduction of any game activity outside at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

WWF-Pakistan & Wildlife and Parks

49 What are the negative & positive impacts of floods at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? WWF-Pakistan, Forest, Wildlife & Fisheries

50 What were the reasons for re notification after 1970 from 162221 to 7000 acres? Wildlife

51 What is the status of land ownership, legal status & rights of communities at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Wildlife & Forests

52 What social, economic & cultural values are associated with Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Communities

53 How the Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary is useful for them? Communities

54 What action of Government affects their utility of Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Communities

55 What facilities they can extend to visitor? Communities

56 How their multiple interests can be accommodated? Communities

57 How the communities are using the flora? Communities

58 What are threats to flora & fauna? Wildlife, Forests & Communities

59 What is the estimated populations directly and indirectly benefits from Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Communities

60 What assistance is required & from which department for conservation of Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Communities

61 What grievances they have against any department? Communities

62 What rules policy they think will be helpful for them? Communities


S. No. Questions Responding Department

1 Why we need a management plan? WWF-Pakistan, Forest & Wildlife

2 What are the conflicting or competing interests in the area? Forests, Fisheries & Wildlife

3 Why it was declared game Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

4 What were expected results for declaring Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

5 What are actual results obtained by declaring Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

6 What are the existing management practices of department at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Wildlife and Parks

7 What are the issues required to be addressed in the management plan? Wildlife and Parks

8 What opportunities exist at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

9 What are the threats at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

10 What are proposed solutions to address threats? Wildlife and Parks

11 What are proposed action to make use of opportunities? Wildlife and Parks

12 How the role of community can be made useful at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

13 Who are the stakeholders at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks; WWF-Pakistan

14 What is the level of involvement of each stakeholder? Wildlife and Parks; WWF-Pakistan

15 What are opportunities and threats at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Forests & Fisheries

16 What are social and economic elements influencing at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Forests, Fisheries and Wildlife

17 How the local knowledge and traditional culture can be put in use at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Forests, Fisheries and Wildlife

18 What are the key features at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? WWF-Pakistan, Wildlife & Forests

19 What type of zoning can be made at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Forests and Wildlife

20 What inputs are required from District Government? Fisheries, Wildlife & Forests

21 What type of restoration or rehabilitation work is required at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Forest and Wildlife

22 What type of mass awareness & how the same can be created? WWF-Pakistan & Wildlife

23 What are the external issues (from outside) effecting the Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife & Forests

24 What type of rules & legal instruments are additionally required for management of Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

WWF-Pakistan, Wildlife, Forest & Fisheries

25 What financial resources are required for implementing of management plan at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Wildlife & Forests

26 What is the scope of having CBO’s around Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary with clear functions?


27 What are gaps in the information available & information required at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?


28 What could be the overall objectives of management plan? WWF-Pakistan

29 What could be issue specific responses in the management plan? WWF-Pakistan

30 What could be the objectives to address visitor facilitation, education & training, protected area services, administration, income generation, research & survey and habitat management?


31 What is the exceptional value of Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? WWF-Pakistan

32 What is the staff position deployed in and around Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife, Forest & Fisheries

33 What role Punjab Irrigation & Power Department can play at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?


34 What is the role of Forest Department in & around Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Forests

35 What is the role of Fisheries Department in & around Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Fisheries

36 What is the role of Wildlife Department in & around Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Wildlife and Parks

37 How the department can play more proactive role at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary for improvement addressing specific issues?

Wildlife, Forests & Fisheries

38 What type of database is required for present staff and for future monitoring and evaluation? Wildlife, Forests & Fisheries

39 How a formal wetland policy can play role at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? WWF-Pakistan & Wildlife

40 What are the law enforcing issues? Wildlife, Forests & Fisheries

41 What touristic interventions can be made and by which department? WWF-Pakistan, Wildlife & Forests

42 What role for watch and wad can be played by communities and with what incentive? Wildlife and Parks

43 How grazing can be regulated? Forest, Wildlife and Parks

44 What role local political leadership can play to address grazing & law enforcement? Wildlife, Forests & Fisheries

45 What assistance is required to make the cottage industry more viable? WWF-Pakistan & Communities

46 What is the scope of reintroduction of Wildlife species at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary adapting to local conditions?

WWF-Pakistan & Wildlife

47 What type of training to communities could be useful? Communities & WWF-Pakistan

48 What is the scope of introduction of any game activity outside at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

WWF-Pakistan & Wildlife and Parks

49 What are the negative & positive impacts of floods at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? WWF-Pakistan, Forest, Wildlife & Fisheries

50 What were the reasons for re notification after 1970 from 162221 to 7000 acres? Wildlife

51 What is the status of land ownership, legal status & rights of communities at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Wildlife & Forests

52 What social, economic & cultural values are associated with Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Communities

53 How the Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary is useful for them? Communities

54 What action of Government affects their utility of Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary? Communities

55 What facilities they can extend to visitor? Communities

56 How their multiple interests can be accommodated? Communities

57 How the communities are using the flora? Communities

58 What are threats to flora & fauna? Wildlife, Forests & Communities

59 What is the estimated populations directly and indirectly benefits from Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Communities

60 What assistance is required & from which department for conservation of Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary?

Communities

61 What grievances they have against any department? Communities

62 What rules policy they think will be helpful for them? Communities

ANNEX IIILIST OF GUIDELINES CONSULTED FOR PREPARATION OF MANAGEMENT PLAN

I. Borrie,WilliamT.et.al.1998.ProtectedAreaPlanningPrinciplesandStrategies.

II. ParksandWildlifeService,Tasmania.2000.BestPracticeinProtectedArea Management Planning.

III.Thomas,LeeandMiddleton,Julie.2003.GuidelinesforManagementPlanningof ProtectedAreas.IUCNGland,SwitzerlandandCambridge,UK.


ANNEX IVLISTS OF GAME RESERVES, WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES, NATIONAL PARKS AND COMMUNITY CONTROLLED HUNTING AREAS IN AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR / GILGIT BALTISTAN AND KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA


ANNEX VLISTS OF GAME RESERVES, WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES, NATIONAL PARKS AND COMMUNITY CONTROLLED HUNTING AREAS IN PUNJAB


ANNEX VILISTS OF GAME RESERVES, WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES, NATIONAL PARKS AND COMMUNITY CONTROLLED HUNTING AREAS IN SINDH


ANNEX VIILISTS OF GAME RESERVES, WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES, NATIONAL PARKS AND COMMUNITY CONTROLLED HUNTING AREAS IN BALUCHISTAN


S. No. Name Classification Area (ha) District Land Tenure Management Plan

1. Chinji National Park 6,070 Chakwal Govt. No 2. Lal Suhanra National Park 65,789 Bahawalpur Govt. Yes 3. Kala Chitta National Park 36,965 Attock Govt. No

4. Murree Kotli and Kahuta

National Park 108,824 Rawalpindi Govt. Yes

5. Changa Manga Wildlife Sanctuary 5,064 Kasur Govt. No

6. Chashma Lake Wildlife Sanctuary 33,084 Mianwali Govt. No

7. Chichawatni Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 4,666 Sahiwal Govt. No

8. Cholistan Wildlife Sanctuary 660,949 B-Nagar Govt. No

9. Chumbi Surla Wildlife Sanctuary 55,945 Chakwal Govt. No

10. Daphar Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 2,286 Gujrat Govt. No

11. Inayat Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 4,162 Layyah Govt. No

12. Jahlar Lake Wildlife Sanctuary 17 Khushab Govt. No

13. Jalalpur Sharif Wildlife Sanctuary 2,236 Jhelum Govt. No

14. Khabeki Lake Wildlife Sanctuary 283 Khushab Govt. No

15. Khanewal Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 7,213 Khanewal Govt. No

16. Kotla Issan Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 2,152 Rajanpur Govt. No

17. Kundian Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 7,800 Mianwali Govt. No

18. Lohi Bher Wildlife Sanctuary 355 Rawalpindi Govt. No

19. Macchu Irrigated Plantation


20. Mitha Tiwana Wildlife Sanctuary 1,116 Khushab Govt. No

21. Rakh Ghulaman Wildlife Sanctuary 4,286 Bhakkar Govt. No

22. Shorkot Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 4,032 Jhang Govt. No

23. Sodhi Wildlife Sanctuary 5,820 Khushab Govt. No

24. Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary 6,567 Muzaffargarh Govt. No

25. Walhar Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 1,853 R Y Khan Govt. No

26. Daman Irrigated Plantation


27. Head Punjnad Wildlife Sanctuary 2,779 Muzaffargarh Govt. No

28. Khanpur Irrigated Plantation

Game Reserve 13,303 R Y Khan Govt. No

29. Lal Suhanra Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 5,099 Bahawalpur Govt. No

30. Rakh Khairewala Wildlife Sanctuary 5,877 Layyah Govt. No

31. Abbasia Irrigated Plantation


32. Bajwat Game Reserve 5,464 Sialkot Govt. No

33. Bhon Fazil Game Reserve 1,063 Gujranwala Govt. No

34. Chaupalia Game Reserve 9,857 B-Nagar Govt. No

35. Cholistan Game Reserve 2,020,195 R Y Khan, Bahawal Pur,

Bahawal Nagar

Govt. No

36. Diljabba-Domeli Game Reserve 118,106 Jhelum, Chakwal

Govt. No

37. Head Qadirabad Game Reserve 2,816 Gujranwala Govt. No

38. Kalabagh Game Reserve 1,550 Mianwali Govt. No

39. Kathar Game Reserve 1,141 Rawalpindi Govt. No

40. Khairi Murat Game Reserve 5,618 Rawalpindi Govt. No

41. Kot Sabzal Game Reserve 10,118 Rajanpur Govt. No

42. Namal Lake Game Reserve 486 Mianwali Govt. No

43. Rasool Barrage Game Reserve 1,138 Gujrat Govt. No

44. Uchali Lake Game Reserve 932 Khushab Govt. No

45. Head Islam Game Reserve 6,500 Bahawalpur Govt. No

46. Kallar Kahar Lake Game Reserve 558 Chakwal Govt. No

47. Tilla Jogian Game Reserve 10,065 Jhelum Govt. No

ANNEXURE VIII: List of Protected Areas in Punjab


S. No. Name Classification Area (ha) District Land Tenure Management Plan

1. Chinji National Park 6,070 Chakwal Govt. No 2. Lal Suhanra National Park 65,789 Bahawalpur Govt. Yes 3. Kala Chitta National Park 36,965 Attock Govt. No

4. Murree Kotli and Kahuta

National Park 108,824 Rawalpindi Govt. Yes

5. Changa Manga Wildlife Sanctuary 5,064 Kasur Govt. No

6. Chashma Lake Wildlife Sanctuary 33,084 Mianwali Govt. No

7. Chichawatni Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 4,666 Sahiwal Govt. No

8. Cholistan Wildlife Sanctuary 660,949 B-Nagar Govt. No

9. Chumbi Surla Wildlife Sanctuary 55,945 Chakwal Govt. No

10. Daphar Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 2,286 Gujrat Govt. No

11. Inayat Irrigated Plantation


12. Jahlar Lake Wildlife Sanctuary 17 Khushab Govt. No

13. Jalalpur Sharif Wildlife Sanctuary 2,236 Jhelum Govt. No

14. Khabeki Lake Wildlife Sanctuary 283 Khushab Govt. No

15. Khanewal Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 7,213 Khanewal Govt. No

16. Kotla Issan Irrigated Plantation


17. Kundian Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 7,800 Mianwali Govt. No

18. Lohi Bher Wildlife Sanctuary 355 Rawalpindi Govt. No

19. Macchu Irrigated Plantation


20. Mitha Tiwana Wildlife Sanctuary 1,116 Khushab Govt. No

21. Rakh Ghulaman Wildlife Sanctuary 4,286 Bhakkar Govt. No

22. Shorkot Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 4,032 Jhang Govt. No

23. Sodhi Wildlife Sanctuary 5,820 Khushab Govt. No

24. Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary 6,567 Muzaffargarh Govt. No

25. Walhar Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 1,853 R Y Khan Govt. No

26. Daman Irrigated Plantation


27. Head Punjnad Wildlife Sanctuary 2,779 Muzaffargarh Govt. No

28. Khanpur Irrigated Plantation


29. Lal Suhanra Irrigated Plantation

Wildlife Sanctuary 5,099 Bahawalpur Govt. No

30. Rakh Khairewala Wildlife Sanctuary 5,877 Layyah Govt. No

31. Abbasia Irrigated Plantation


32. Bajwat Game Reserve 5,464 Sialkot Govt. No

33. Bhon Fazil Game Reserve 1,063 Gujranwala Govt. No

34. Chaupalia Game Reserve 9,857 B-Nagar Govt. No

35. Cholistan Game Reserve 2,020,195 R Y Khan, Bahawal Pur,

Bahawal Nagar

Govt. No

36. Diljabba-Domeli Game Reserve 118,106 Jhelum, Chakwal

Govt. No

37. Head Qadirabad Game Reserve 2,816 Gujranwala Govt. No

38. Kalabagh Game Reserve 1,550 Mianwali Govt. No

39. Kathar Game Reserve 1,141 Rawalpindi Govt. No

40. Khairi Murat Game Reserve 5,618 Rawalpindi Govt. No

41. Kot Sabzal Game Reserve 10,118 Rajanpur Govt. No

42. Namal Lake Game Reserve 486 Mianwali Govt. No

43. Rasool Barrage Game Reserve 1,138 Gujrat Govt. No

44. Uchali Lake Game Reserve 932 Khushab Govt. No

45. Head Islam Game Reserve 6,500 Bahawalpur Govt. No

46. Kallar Kahar Lake Game Reserve 558 Chakwal Govt. No

47. Tilla Jogian Game Reserve 10,065 Jhelum Govt. No

ANNEX IXSECTION 16, 17 & 18 OF PUNJAB WILDLIFE ACT

16.(1) GovernmentmaybynotificationintheofficialGazette,declareanyareawhichisthepropertyof GovernmentoroverwhichGovernmenthasproprietaryrightstobe‘WildlifeSanctuary’andmay demarcate it in such manner as may be prescribed.

(2) The‘WildlifeSanctuary’shallbesetasideasundisturbedbreedinggroundfortheprotectionof wildlifeandaccesstheretoforpublicshall,exceptinaccordancewiththerules,beprohibitedandno-exploitationof forestthereinshallbeallowedexceptforreducingfirehazards,epidemicorinsectattacks or other natural calamities.

(3) Nopersonshall:-

(i) Enterorreside;(ii)Cultivateanyland;(iii)Damageordestroyanyvegetation;(iv)Hunt,killorcaptureanywildanimalorfireanygunorotherfirearmwithinonemileof the

boundaries;(v) Introduceanyexoticspeciesof animalorplant;(vi)Introduceanydomesticanimalorallowittostray;(vii) Causeanyfire,or(viii) Pollute water

ProvidethatGovernmentmayforspecificpurposesasaredeemedexpedient,authorizethedoingof aforementioned acts (other than those mentioned in clause )iv).

16.A (1) TheGovernmentmay,bynotificationintheofficialGazette,declareanyarea,whichisthe property of the Government or over which the Government has the proprietary rights, to be a wildlife breeding farm.

(2) The following acts shall be prohibited in the wildlife breeding farm: (a) hunting,shooting,trapping,killingorcapturingof awildanimal; (b) firingordoinganyotheractwhichmaydisturbawildanimalorinterferewiththe

breedingplaces; (c) felling, tapping, burning or in any manner damaging, destroying, taking, collecting,

removingortakingawayaplantortreeorleave,fruitorseedtherefrom; (d) pollutingwaterflowinginorthroughthewildlifepark; (e) anyactof feedingorteasingawildanimal; (f) damaging of any structure (g) anyactof teasingorharassingvisitorsorotherwise,creatinganypandemonium;and (h) anyactinviolationof anyrestrictionsimposedbyGovernment;

ProvidethattheGovernmentmay,forsuchpurposesasitmaydeemexpedient,authorizethedoingof theaforementionedprohibitedactsexpectatparas(d),(e),(g)and(h).

17. (1) Withtheviewtotheprotectionandpreservationof floraandfaunainthenaturalstate,Governmentmay,bynotificationintheofficialGazette,declareanyareawhichisthepropertyrightstobea‘NationalParks’anymaydemarcateitinsuchmannerasmaybeprescribed.

(2) A‘NationalPark’shallbeaccessibletopublicforrecreation;educationandresearchsubjecttosuch restrictions as Government may impose.

(3) Provision for access roads to and construction of rest houses, hostels and other buildings in the‘NationalPark’alongwithamenitiesforpublicmaybesomadeandtheforestthereinshallbeso managed and forest produce obtained as not to impair the object of the establishment of the ‘nationalpark’;

(4) thefollowingactsshallbeprohibitedina‘NationalPark’;


(i) hunting,shooting,trapping,killingorcapturingof anywildanimalina‘nationalpark’orwithinoneandahalf miteradiusof itsboundary;

(ii) firinganyfirearmordoinganyotheractwhichmaydiscussanyanimalorbirdordoinganyactwhichinterfereswiththebreedingplaces;

(iii) felling, tapping, burning or in any way damaging or destroying, taking, collecting or removinganyplantortreestherefrom;

(iv) clearingorbreakingupanylandforcultivation,miningorforanyotherpurpose;and (v) pollutingwaterflowinginandthroughthe‘nationalpark’

ProvidedtheGovernmentmayforspecificpurposes,asaredeemedexpedient.Authorizethedoing of the afore-mentioned prohibited acts.

18. (1) The Government may declare any area to be a Game Reserve. (2) Nohuntingandshootingof awildanimalshallbeallowedinthegamereserve,except

underaspecialpermit,whichmayspecifythemaximumnumberof gameanimalthat maybekilledorcaptured,theareaanddurationforwhichsuchpermitsshallbevalid;

Providedthatthenumberof occasionsonwhichhuntingandshootingmaybeallowedshallnotexceedtwo in a year.

18-A (1) TheGovernmentmay,bynotificationintheofficialgazette,declareanareawhichis the property of the Government or over which the Government has proprietary rights, to be a Wildlife Park to maintain wild animal in captivity and in a state as close to nature as possible, for the purpose of breeding, reintroduction, recreation and public education.

(2) TheGovernmentmay,bynotificationintheofficialgazette,declareanareawhichistheproperty of the Government or over which the Government has proprietary rights, to be a ZoologicalGardenorZootomaintain,breedlocallyextinct,endangeredorthreatenedspeciesof wild animal for the reintroduction recreation and public education.

(3) TheGovernmentmay,bynotificationintheofficialgazette,declareanenclosedareawhichisthe property of the Government or over which the Government has proprietary rights, to be a Safari Park in which wild animal shall be kept in the open space for viewing by public from a vehicle driven through.

(4) Wildlife Park, Safari Park or Zoological Garden or Zoo shall be accessible to public for recreation, education and research purposes, subject to such restrictions as the government may impose.

(5) Provision for access roads and construction of cafeteria, motel laboratory, research center and any other building in the wildlife park, safari park or zoological garden or zoo along with amenities for public may be made for the facilitation of achievement of, and the forest vegetation therein shall be so managed and forest produce so obtained as not to impair the objectives of the establishment of such parks or zoological garden or zoo.

(6) The following acts shall be prohibited in the Wildlife Park, Safari Park or Zoological Garden or Zoo: -

(a) hunting, shooting, trapping, killing or capturing of a wild animal (b) firingordoinganyotheractwhichmaydisturbawildanimalorinterferewiththe

breedingplaceof wildanimal; (c) felling, tapping, burning or in any manner damaging, destroying, taking, collecting,

removingortakingawayanyplantortreeorleave,fruitorseedtherefrom; (d) pollutingwaterfloweringinorthroughthewildlifepark,zoologicalgardenorzooor

safaripark; (e) anyactof feedingorteasingawildanimal; (f) damagingoranystructure; (g) anyactof teasingorharassingvisitorsorotherwise,creatinganypandemonium;and (h) anyactinviolationof anyrestrictionsimposedbythegovernment;

ProvidedthattheGovernmentmayforsuchpurposesasitmaydeemexpedientauthorizethedoingof theaforementionedprohibitedactexceptpara(d),(e),(g)and(h).

ANNEX XNOTIFICATION OF TAUNSA BARRAGE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, 1999


GOVERNMENTOFTHEPUNJABFOREST,WILDLIFE&FISHERIES

DEPARTMENT

Dated Lahore, the 10th Dec. 2004

NOTIFICATION

No.SOP(WL)12-1/02-II……Inexerciseof thepowersconferredbySection16of thePunjabWildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation & Management) Act, 1974, the Government of the Punjabispleasedtoorderthattheareaof TaunsaBarragespecifiedintheschedule,givenbelow,notifiedvideGovernmentNotificationNo.SOFT(EXT)XII-8/72dated24thMarch,1999shallcontinue to be a Wildlife Sanctuary for all the wildlife species w.e.f. 22nd April, 2003 till further orders.

ANNEX XINOTIFICATION OF TAUNSA BARRAGE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, 2004

SCHEDULE

Locality District Tehsil Village Khata Area in acres

Boundaries

Taunsa Barrage

Muzaffargarh Kot Adu

Janu ghair Mustaqil

224 1482 East

Matwamwala 5 3014 West Luberwala 321 2388 West Ghair Mustaqil Garbi

372 15 North

Moza Bet Qaimwala

1 101 South 2 3 5 7 8 9 15 18

Grand Total 7000

SECRETARY,FW&FDEPARTMENT

NO. SO (REV) (I&P) 12-54 / 2002 POND AREAGOVERNMENTOFTHEPUNJAB,

IRRIGATION&POWERDEPARTMENT

DatedLahore,the26thNovember,2004

NOTIFICATION

Inexerciseof thepowersconferreduponhimunderSection16readwithSection10(3)(ii)of thePunjabwildlife(Protection,Preservation,Conservationandmanagement)Act,1974(PunjabActNo.11of 1974),theGovernorof thePunjabispleasedtodeclarethePondAreasof thefollowingBarrages/HeadworksasWildlifeSanctuariesandbancultivationinthesePondAreas:-

S.NO. NAME OF HEADWORKS / BARRAGES1. TAUNSABARRAGE2. RASULBARRAGE3. JINNAHBARRAGE4. SULEMANKIHEADWORKS5. ISLAMHEADWORKS6. TRIMMUHEADWORKS7. BALLOCKIHEADWORKS8. QADIRABADBARRAGE9. KHANKIHEADWORKS10. MARALABARRAGE11. SHAHPURDAM12. PUNJNADHEADWORKS13. SIDHNAIBARRAGE14. MAILSISYPHON 2. The allotment of already leased out lands for cultivation shall stand cancelled automatically wen

theirleaseperiodsexpire.Thesepondareasshallbedevelopedthroughreintroductionof wildlifeand promotion of tourism recreational facilities.

3. Toachievetheabovegoals,theexecutiveEngineerInchargeof theHeadworks/PondAreasshallfunction in collaboration with the counter part of Forest, Wildlife, Fisheries & Tourism Department of therespectivedistrictunderthesupervisionof concernedChief Engineer.

Theseordersshallcomeintoforcewithimmediateeffect.

(JAVED MAJID)SECRETARY,I&PDEPARTMENT

ANNEX XIINOTIFICATION OF IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT (2002)


ANNEX XIIIMOU BETWEEN WWF-PAKISTAN AND PUNJAB WILDLIFE AND PARKS DEPARTMENT (2011)


ANNEX XIVTRIPARTITE MOU (WWF-PAKISTAN, PUNJAB WILDLIFE AND PARKS DEPARTMENT AND PUNJAB IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT)




FLOOD LIMIT

1958 21 July 7,60,784 7,60,784 V.H.Flood 1959 10 July 5,18,000 5,18,000 H.Flood 1960 21 July 5,15,687 5,09,309 H.Flood 1961 23 July 4,76,374 M.Flood 1962 26 July 3,40,113 3,30,613 L.Flood 1963 18 July 3,68,631 3,54,813 L.Flood 1964 15 July 5,04,340 5,02,340 H.Flood 1965 15 August 4,38,257 4,38,257 M.Flood 1966 07 July 5,16,113 5,16,113 H.Flood 1967 31 July 4,71,136 4,57,053 M.Flood 1968 18 July 4,46,609 4,31,179 M.Flood 1969 30 July 4,41,105 4,64,705 M.Flood 1970 08 July 3,84,614 3,68,304 L.Flood 1971 13 August 4,06,691 3,92,892 M.Flood 1972 02 July 3,99,450 3,71,212 L.Flood 1973 23 July 5,70,087 5,67,623 H.Flood 1974 31 August 3,76,941 3,68,941 L.Flood 1975 26 August 5,24,495 5,24,495 H.Flood 1976 07 August 6,77,105 6,75,223 V.H.Flood 1977 21 July 4,59,741 4,43,343 M.Flood 1978 14 July 5,08,922 5,08,422 H.Flood 1979 08 August 3,98,069 3,88,069 M.Flood 1980 13 August 4,35,133 4,25,233 M.Flood 1981 17 August 4,02,391 3,92,091 M.Flood 1982 20 August 3,91,899 3,75,499 M.Flood 1983 10 August 5,04,189 5,02,189 H.Flood 1984 20 August 5,12,194 5,09,694 H.Flood 1985 04 August 3,18,680 3,06,680 L.Flood 1986 10 August 5,12,769 5,05,069 H.Flood 1987 26 August 3,29,204 3,13,204 L.Flood 1988 21 August 5,63,416 5,60,916 H.Flood 1989 05 August 5,60,630 5,58,630 H.Flood 1990 02 August 5,17,652 5,02,152 H.Flood 1991 18 July 4,34,147 4,22,947 M.Flood 1992 14 September 6,55,879 6,54,589 H.Flood 1993 28 July 3,85,302 3,81,302 M.Flood 1994 19 July 5,74,602 5,74,602 H.Flood 1995 30 July 6,11,937 6,11,937 H.Flood 1996 20 August 5,21,708 5,18,208 H.Flood 1997 31 August 5,36,199 5,34,199 H.Flood 1998 18 July 5,28,543 5,19,881 H.Flood 1999 13 August 4,09,720 3,87,720 M.Flood 2000 05 August 2,27,605 2,09,405 L.Flood 2001 27 July 2,81,873 L.Flood 2002 17 August 3,35,150 3,06,150 L.Flood 2003 07 August 4,31,277 4,21,277 M.Flood 2004 21 August 2,06,412 1,79,157 Normal 2005 20 August 5,31,177 5,31,177 H.Flood 2006 11 August 6,12,269 6,12,269 H.Flood 2007 19 August 3,51,820 3,33,220 L.Flood 2008 08 August 2,79,500 2,63,177 L.Flood 2009 2 21 August 3,43,369 3,12,769 L.Flood 2010 0 02 August 10,85,601 E.H.Flood 2011 01 September 2,48,689 2,27,689 L.Flood 2012 10 September 2,43,389 2,35,389 L.Flood

ANNEXURE XV: Historic water discharge at Taunsa Barrage


ANNEX XVILIST OF CHALLANS ISSUED BY PUNJAB FISHERIES DEPARTMENT

ANNEX XVIILIST OF CHALLANS ISSUED BY PUNJAB WILDIFE AND PARKS DEPARTMENT


ANNEX XVIIIDRAFT NOTIFICATION OF TAUNSA BARRAGE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY


ANNEX XIXDRAFT NOTIFICATION OF TAUNSA BARRAGE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE

GOVERNMENTOFTHEPUNJABFOREST,WILDLIFE&FISHERIES

DEPARTMENT

NOTIFICATION

No.………………. Inpursuancetotheapprovalof ManagementPlanof TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary by the competent authority, the following Management Committee is hereby constituted to oversee the implementation of the Management Plan for a period of 72 months (2014-15 to 2019-20): -

1. Director General, : Convener Wildlife & Parks, Punjab Lahore

2. Deputy Director Wildlife, : Secretary Muzaffargarh

3. DistrictCoordinationOfficer, Muzaffargarh

4. Deputy Director Fisheries, Muzaffargarh

5. ExecutiveEngineerIrrigation, Muzaffargarh

6. Representative of Tourism Development Corporation of Punjab

7. DivisionalForestOfficer, Muzaffargarh

8. Representative of WWF-Pakistan

9. Representativeof CBOs

10.Director,PunjabForestryResearchInstituteand PunjabWildlifeResearchInstitute,Faisalabad

11. Member of Provincial Assembly (PP- )

12.Memberof NationalAssembly(NA-) Terms of references

TheTaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuaryManagementCommittee(TBWSMC)shallbeworkingas per the following terms of references: -

I. Tomonitor,evaluate&suggestmeanstofacilitatetheimplementationof themanagementPlaninorder to achieve the desired outcomes.

II. ToholdannualreviewmeetingsIII.Toholdmidtermevaluationmeetingafterthreeyearstosuggestmodification,if any,inthe

ManagementPlanfornextthreeyears.IV.Toevaluatetheachievementsof shortterm,mediumtermandlongtermobjectivesaftertwo,four

andsixyearsrespectively.V. ToexploreavenuesforfundingunderCorporateSocialResponsibilityandopenanassignment

account for the purpose. VI.TorecommendexpenditurefromtheassignmentaccounttobemaintainedbytheDeputyDirector

Wildlife, Wildlife & Parks Department.

SECRETARYFOREST,WILDLIFE&FISHERIES

DEPARTMENT


ANNEX XXLIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF TAUNSA BARRAGE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

No.123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657

Local NameBaluka SagWasahPuth-KandaBuiBathuoBarhami ButiKhajoorAkkVan-verriKhipLehGidar ButiBhattal, DudhkalBhangraUnt KataraHazar DaniiMachi ButiBhatalBhatalKali BuiKastooriKarir, Deela-----BathuKurundJangli PalakChota AkKali LaniChibbarrAkash BelBarra KalooraChotta KalooraKaloora, DeelaBarra KalooraMid-KalooraKalooraKalooraChota KalooraKalooraKalooraKalooraKalooraChuti Bansi ButiBari Bansi ButiHazar DaniJawahanMenaLusaniMenaSinjiSinjiJangli MateriJangli MateriJangli MateriJangli MateriChanayJangli Mater

Scientific NameGisekia pharnaceoidesZaleya pentandraAchyranthes asperaAerva javanicaAmaranthus viridisCentella asiaticaPhoenix dactyliferaCalotropis proceraOxystelma esculentumLeptadenia pyrotechnicaCirsium arvense Conyza canadensis Launaea procumbensEclipta albaEchinops echinatus Euphorbia prostrata Grangea maderaspatanaSonchus asper Sonchus oleraceus Heliotropium europaeumCleome brachycarpaCapparis deciduaVaccaria pyramidataChenopodium album Chenopodium muraleRumex dentatusIpomea carneaSuaeda fruticosaCucumis melo var agrestisCuscuta reflexaJuncellus alopecuroidesFimbristylis hispidula Cyperus rotundusCyperus digitatusFimbristylis dichotomaFimbristylis aestivalisFimbristylis acuminataCyperus difformisEleocharis geniculataEleocharis palustrisEleocharis acutangulaScirpus maritimusEquisetum arvensisEquisetum ramosissimumEuphorbia prostrataAlhagi maurorum Medicago laciniata var. brachycantha Medicago minima Medicago polymorphaMelilotus alba Melilotus indica Lathyrus aphaca Vicia hirsuta Vicia peregrina Vicia sativa Linn.Cicer arietinumLathyrus pratensis

No. 585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120

Local NameJangli MaterPit PaparraSamander SokhPodinaKanghi ButiKhabaziDadral ButiKikerKikerBanwaliKikerSirisPeepalBoharToot-----Dadral ButiShisham, TaliKaiSarkandaNarraDhabb, SirrakTrappar, KhabbalSwanki GhaaGhorra GhaaKutti GhaaLumbChlooraMandlaTalooraDhamanKatrin/ KhaviGhorra GhaaTalooraNarraChimberDumbi GhaaMadhani GhaaKala VeraIndrani ButiJangli PalakLunakKaji----------BeriBahanAksenMakoKandiariDaturaDaturaGazlai or PilchuiDrubb, KundarDrubbBukan ButiBhakharraDhmaanNarooBisfaejKaji kajChamberroSarroo Buti

Scientific NameLathyrus aphacaFumaria indicaSalvia plebeiaMentha spAbutilon muticumMalva verticellataMarsilea minutaAcacia niloticaAcacia farnesianaAcacia jacquemontiiProsopis julifloraAlbizia lebbeckFicus religiosa Ficus benghalensisMorus albaCommicarpus boissieri Oxalis corniculataDalbergia sissooSaccharum spontaneumSaccharum bengalenseArundo donaxDesmostachya bipinnata Cynodon dactylonEchinochloa crus-galliPaspalum vaginatumImperata cylindricaAristida adscensionisEragrostis barrelieriEleusine coracanaPanicum repensCenchrus setigerusCymbopogon jwarancusaEleusine indicaPanicum miliaceum Phragmites karkaOchthochloa compressaPolypogon fugax Dactyloctenium scindicumPolygonum glabrumPolygonum plebeiumRumex dentatusPortulaca oleraceaRanunculus muricatusPotamogeton crispusPotamogeton pectinatusZiziphus mauritianaPopulus euphraticaWithania somniferaSolanum nigrum Solanum surattense Datura metelDatura fastuosaTamarix dioicaTypha angustataTypha domingensisPhyla nodifloraTribulus longepetalusFagonia bruguieriInula grantioidesPersicaria glabrumRanunculus sceleratusXanthium strumariumForsskaolea tenacissima


ANNEX XXILIST OF FISH SPECIES OF TAUNSA BARRAGE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

No.1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556

Common NameManminaBut PariChital PariPalliBiddaChalChalBari ChalChilwaSoomaraChilwaChalElangPatha MachliCharlMoriSunniThailaCalbansTorkiSerehaRohuChaliPaleroPopraChilwaPopraChola PopraPopraDograPathar ChatCommon CarpGrass CarpBighead CarpSilver CarpBotiaSundaliSinghariKeengarKeengerKeengarKhaggaGonchSanghaliSulemaniNangraKirlaPaluMulleeNilaiPatasiBachwaJhalliJhalliKanSaul

Scientific NameGonialosa manminaNotopterus notopterusChitala chitalaGudusia chapraChela cachiusSalmophasia punjabensis Salmostoma bacailaSecuricula goraAmblypharyngodon molaEsomus danricusAspidoparia morarBarilius vagraRasbora elangaDanio devarioRasbora daniconiusCirrhinus mrigalaCirrhinus rebaGibelion catlaLabeo calbasuLabeo dyocheilus PakistanicusLabeo goniusLabeo rohitaLabeo deroOsteobrama cotioPuntius sophorePuntius terioPuntius tictoPuntius cholaSystomus saranaCrossocheilus diplochilusGarra gotylaCyprinus carpioCtenopharyngodon idellaAristichthys nobilisHypophthalmichthys molitrixBotia lohachataNemacheilus botia Sperata sarwariMystus cavasiusMystus bleekeri Mystus vittatusRita rita Bagarius bagariusGagata ceniaGlyptothorax punjabensisNangra nangraSissor rhabdophorusOmpok pabdaWallago attuHeteropneustes fossilisAilia punctataClupisoma garuaClupisoma naziriEutropiichthys vachaXenentodon cancilaChanna marulius

No. 5758596061626364656667

Common Name DaulaSheshaSheshaSheshaMugilGulooKungiKangiTilapiaGrojGroj

Scientific NameChanna punctataChanda namaParambassis baculis Parambassis rangaSicamugil cascasiaGlossogobius giurisColisa fasciatusColisa laliaOreochromis mossambicusMastacembelus armatusMacrognathus pancalus


ANNEX XXIILIST OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF TAUNSA BARRAGE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

No. Common Name Scientific Name1 Marbelled Toad Bufo stomaticus2 Skittering Frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis3 Tiger/Bull Frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus4 Brown-roofed Turtle Pangshura smithii5 Saw-back Turtle Pangshura tecta6 Spotted Pond Turtle Geoclemys hamiltonii7 Indian Soft-shell Turtle Nilssonia gangeticus8 Indian Narrow-headed Soft-shell Turtle Chitra indica9 Flap-shell Pond Turtle Lissemys punctata andersoni10 Striped Keel-back Amphiesma stolatum11 Checkered Keel-back Xenochrophis piscator 12 Dhaman Ptyas mucosus 13 Saw-scaled Viper Echis carinatus sochureki14 Indian Cobra Naja naja 15 Keeled Rock Gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum16 House Gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis17 Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor versicolor18 Snake-eyed Lacerta Ophisops jerdonii19 Grass Skink Eutropis dissimilis20 Bengal Monitor Varanus bengalensis

ANNEX XXIIILIST OF BIRDS OF TAUNSA BARRAGE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

No. Common Name Scientific Name1 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis2 Great-crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus3 Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis4 Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger 5 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo6 Darter Anhinga rufa7 Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia 8 Large Egret Egretta alba9 Little Egret Egretta garzetta 10 Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax11 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 12 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea13 Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus14 Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus15 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 16 Pond Heron Ardeola grayii 17 Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis18 Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis19 Little Heron Butorides striatus20 Black Stork Ciconia nigra 21 White Stork Ciconia ciconia22 Spoon Bill Platalea leucorodia 23 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus24 Common Teal Anas crecca 25 Wigeon Anas acteal 26 Spot-bill Duck Anas poecilorhyncha 27 Garganey Anas querquedula 28 Gadwall Anas strepera 29 Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus 30 Common Pochard Aythya ferina 31 Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula 32 Northern Pintail Anas acuta 33 Northern Shoveller Anas clypeata 34 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 35 Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea 36 Common Shelduck Tadorna acteal 37 White-eyed Pochard Aythya nyroca 38 Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina 39 Lesser Whistling Teal Dendrocygna javanica 40 Greylag Goose Anser anser41 Indian Shikra Accipiter badius 42 White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa43 Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus44 GriffonVulture Gyps fulvus 45 Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus46 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax 47 Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis48 Black Kite Milvus migrans 49 Pallas’s Fish Eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus 50 Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus 51 Brahminy Kite Haliastur acte 52 Eurasian Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus53 Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus54 Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus55 Red-necked Falcon Falco chicquera56 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus


No. Common Name Scientific Name57 Common or Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculus58 Osprey Pandion haliaetus 59 Black Partridge Francolinus francolinus 60 Grey Partridge Francolinus pondicerianus61 White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus62 Common Coot Fulica atra 63 Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio 64 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus 65 Water Cock Gallicrex cinerea 66 Ruddy-breasted Crake Porzana fusca67 Water Rail Rallus aquaticus68 Demoiselle Crane Anthropoides virgo 69 Common Crane Grus grus lilfordi70 Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus71 Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis 72 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus 73 Great Thick-Knee Esacus recurvirostris74 Eurasian Thick-Knee Burhinus oedicnemus75 Small Indian Pratincole Glareola lactea 76 Little-ringed Plover Charadrius dubius 77 Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus78 White-tailed Lapwing Vanellus leucura79 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus 80 Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus81 Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea82 Temminck’s Stint Calidris temminckii 83 Little Stint Calidris minuta 84 Dunlin Calidris alpina85 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago 86 Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus 87 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola 88 Common Sandpiper Tringa hypoleucos89 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia 90 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 91 Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis92 Common Redshank Tringa totanus 93 Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata94 Brown-headed Gull Larus brunnicephalus95 Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus96 Black-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda97 River Tern Sterna aurantia 98 Caspian Tern Sterna caspia99 Little Tern Sterna albifrons100 Rock Pigeon Columba livia 101 Red Collared Turtle Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica 102 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto103 Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis 104 Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis105 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri 106 Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus 107 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis 108 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea 109 Spotted Owlet Athene brama 110 Eurasian Eagle Owl Bubo bubo111 Sykes’s Night Jar Caprimulgus mahrattensis112 House Swift Apus affinis113 CommonKingfisher Alcedo atthis 114 PiedKingfisher Ceryle rudis115 White-throatedKingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis 116 Little Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis117 Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus

No. Common Name Scientific Name118 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis119 European Roller Coracias garrulus120 Hoopoe Upupa epops121 Black-rumped Flameback Dinopium benghalense 122 Sind Woodpecker Dendrocopos assimilis 123 Yellow-crowned Woodpecker Dendrocopos mahrattensis124 Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla125 Crested Lark Galerida cristata 126 Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula 127 Sand Lark Calandrella raytal 128 Desert Lark Ammomanes deserti129 Black-crowned Sparrow Lark Eremopterix nigriceps130 Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis131 Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii 132 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 133 Plain Martin Riparia paludicola134 Rock Martin Hirundo fuligula135 Streak-throated Swallow Hirundo fluvicola136 White-browed Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis137 White Wagtail Motacilla alba 138 Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava 139 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea 140 Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola 141 Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris142 PaddyfieldPipit Anthus rufulus143 Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis144 Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus 145 Common Woodshrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus146 White-eared Bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis 147 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer 148 Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata149 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata 150 Common Stonechat Saxicola torquata151 Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros152 White-tailed Stonechat Saxicola leucura153 Stoliczka’s Bush Chat Saxicola macrorhyncha154 Variable Wheatear Oenanthe picata155 Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina156 Bluethroat Luscinia svecica157 Plain Prinia Prinia inornata 158 Rufous-fronted Prinia Prinia buchanani159 Yellow-bellied Prinia Prinia flaviventris160 Long-tailed or Rufous vented Prinia Prinia burnesii 161 Graceful Prinia Prinia gracilis162 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis163 Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius 164 Clamorous Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus165 Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca166 Blyth’s Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum167 Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides168 CommonorEurasianChiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita169 White-browed Fantail Rhipidura aureola170 Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus171 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus172 Striated Babbler Turdoides earlei173 Yellow-eyed Babbler Chrysomma sinense174 Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica 175 Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus 176 Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach 177 Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus 178 Rufous-tailed Shrike Lanius isabellinus


No. Common Name Scientific Name179 Southern Grey Shrike Lanius meridionalis180 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus 181 House Crow Corvus splendens 182 Rufous Treepie or Indian Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda 183 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus184 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis 185 Rosy Starling Sturnus roseus 186 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 187 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 188 Sind Sparrow Passer pyrrhonotus189 Streaked Weaver Ploceus manyar 190 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus 191 Red Munia or Red Avadavat Amandava amandava 192 Indian Silverbill Lonchura malabarica193 House Bunting Emberiza striolata

No. English Name Scientific Name1. Indian Mole Rat or Rice Rat Bandicota bengalensis2. Short-tailed Mole Rat Nesokia indica3. Five Striped Palm Squirrel Funambulus pennantii4. Common Indian Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii5. Small Indian Mongoose Herpestes javanicus6. Indian Bush Rat Golunda ellioti7. Long-eared Hedgehog Hemiechinus collaris8. Indian-crested Porcupine Hystrix indica9. Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis10. Indian Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata11. Common House Mouse Mus musculus12. Little Field Mouse Mus booduga13. Common Rat Rattus rattus14. Indian Gerbil Tatera indica15. Yellow-throated Shrew Suncus stoliczkanus16. Indian Musk Shrew Suncus murinus17. Common Yellow-bellied Bat Scotophilus heathii18. Kuhl’s Pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii19. Common Pipistrelle Pipistrellus ceylonicus20. Least Pipistrelle Pipistrellus tenuis21. Mouse –tailed Bat Rhinopoma microphyllum

ANNEX XXIVLIST OF SMALL MAMMALS OF TAUNSA BARRAGE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY


ANNEX XXVLIST OF LARGE MAMMALS OF TAUNSA BARRAGE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

No. English Name Scientific Name1. Indus River Dolphin Platanista gangetica minor2. Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus3. Jungle Cat Felis chaus4. Hog Deer Axis porcinus5. Wild Boar Sus scrofa

No. English Name Scientific Name1. Red Fox Vulpes vulpes pusilla 2. Oriental White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis

ANNEX XXVILOCALLY EXTINCT SPECIES FROM TAUNSA BARRAGE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY


BIBLIOGRAPHY

Akbar,G.Arshad,M,Pirzada,S.Chaudhry,MJI.2014.TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary,BiodiversityProfile.WWF-Pakistan.

Annon.1929.DistrictGazetteerof MuzaffargarhDistrict.Sang-e-MeelPublisher,Lahore(2012)

Baig,K.J.2006.AmphibiansandReptiles.Socio-EconomicStudy.WWF-Pakistan.

Borrie,WT.et.al.1998.ProtectedAreaPlanningPrinciplesandStrategies.

IrrigationDepartment.2013.FloodFightingPlan.TaunsaBarrageDivision,Muzaffargarh.

IUCN.2012.EcologicalandFinancialGapAnalysisof theProtectedAreas(Draft)

Khan,U.2006.TerrestrialandAquaticMammals.Socio-EconomicStudy.WWF-Pakistan.

Nawaz,R.2006.Avifauna.Socio-EconomicStudy.WWF-Pakistan.

Omer,S.andAamirSaeed.2006.Socio-EconomicStudy.EnvironmentalBaselineSurveyandMonitoringof TaunsaBarrageEmergencyRehabilitationandModernizationProject.WWF-Pakistan.

ParksandWildlifeService,Tasmania.2000.BestPracticeinProtectedAreaManagementPlanning.Rafique,M.2006.Ichthyologicalfaunaof TaunsaBarrage.Socio-EconomicStudy.Thomas,LeeandMiddleton,Julie.2003.GuidelinesforManagementPlanningof ProtectedAreas.

IUCNGland,SwitzerlandandCambridge,UK.WWF-Pakistan.2006.TerrestrialVegetationof TaunsaBarrageWildlifeSanctuary

WWF-Pakistan.BaselineConditionsforairandwaterResources.Socio-EconomicStudy.

management plan - wwf pakistan · 10 management plan taunsa barrage wildlife sanctuary 11 executive...

Documents