management presentation1
TRANSCRIPT
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Cognitive Dissonance
Applications of the psychology of Cognitive
Dissonance to Management
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Leon Festinger• He was a psychologist who studied cults. • He and some of his associates managed to
infiltrate a cult.• They found themselves involved in a bizarre
ritual
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The Cult in Prophecy This cult prophesied that the world would be
destroyed by a huge flood, but they would all be saved by aliens in a flying saucer
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Cult in Crisis• When the prophesy was not fulfilled, some
members of the cult left; however, others not only stayed, but became even more devout.
• This split showed that when people’s beliefs and expectations were contradicted they could react in very different ways.
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Definition of Cognitive Dissonance
• At times, we are given information that contradicts our attitudes or beliefs.
• Sometimes, we can find ourselves acting in a manner that is contrary to our attitude/belief
• This is an uncomfortable state of affairs.• People will engage in thoughts and behaviours
that will reduce or alleviate this state.• There are different ways of doing this.
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Attributes of a Good Manager
• One of the most important attributes of a good manager is good, flexible thinking skills.
• It is important to adapt to new developments in a rapidly changing business environment.
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How We Make Decisions• Solutions are usually
through the path of least resistance.
• We tend to be ‘creatures of habit’ and this includes decision making and thinking.
• Sometimes, we need to venture off the ‘beaten path’ in the forest.
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World View• Our worldview is the
set of theories we have about the world and how it works.
• We build this up over our lifetimes and reinforce it whenever it works for us
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Cognitive Dissonance• We experience cognitive
dissonance when we find ourselves in a situation that contradicts our worldview.
• Our first reaction is to seek out information that supports the positions we are used to taking about things.
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Breaking Out• Cognitive dissonance
can be used to interrupt your usual thinking processes.
• When you experience it, enquire about other information that is available - but not used.
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Seek Other Perspectives• Ask yourself about other possible solutions• Try to brainstorm --- look hard at new data• Communicate with others in your group
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Better, Innovative Solutions• Cognitive dissonance can be used as a powerful
tool to improve decision making• By looking past cognitive dissonance instead of
trying to simply get rid of it, we can broaden our views and see the world differently