management(of( mega(construc0on(projects:(( …...petronas!philharmonic! concert!hall! 3....

Management(of((

Mega(Construc0on(Projects:((

The(Malaysian(Experience�!

Syuhaida!Ismail,!Ph.D,!C.Eng.!Senior!Lecturer!

Department!of!Engineering!UTM!RAZAK!School!of!Engineering!and!Advanced!

Technology!UniversiE!Teknologi!Malaysia!Kuala!Lumpur!

Email:[email protected],[email protected]!!

Malaysia(Background(

•  Located!in!Southeast!Asia!•  Capital!city!is!Kuala!Lumpur!with!Putrajaya!as!the!seat!

of!the!federal!government!•  Independence:!31!August!1957!•  Total!areas:!329,847!km2!(1.8!Emes!of!Cambodia!total!

areas)!with!2!similarly!sized!regions!separated!by!the!South!China!Sea!i.e.!Peninsular!Malaysia!and!East!Malaysia!

•  Language:!Bahasa!Malaysia!(official),!English,!Chinese,!Tamil!

•  Religions:!Islam,!Buddhism,!Hinduism,!ChrisEanity!etc!•  PopulaEon:!30!million!(as!of!February!2014)!!•  Ethnic!groups:!Malay!(50%),!Chinese!(24%),!Indian!(7%),!

others!(19%)!

Malaysia(Background�

50%!

24%!

7%!

19%!

Ethnic(Group(in(Malaysia((

Malay!Chinese!Indian!Others!

•  An!extremely!large`scale!investment!project!cosEng!more!than!USD!1!billion!!

•  Aaract!a!lot!of!public!aaenEon!due!to!its!substanEal!impacts!on!community,!environment!and!budgets!

•  IniEaEves!that!are!physical,!very!expensive!and!public!(Altshuler!and!Luberoff,!2003)!

•  Proper!project!management!techniques!are!crucial!to!reduce!high`profiles!problems!that!cause!delays,!cost!overruns!and!poor!quality!as!expensive!projects!are!built!

•  Measurement!of!success!

Mega(Projects�

•  A!project!is!a!temporary!endeavor!undertaken!to!create!a!unique!product,!service!or!result!

•  Not!to!be!confused!with!operaEon!that!is!permanent(

endeavours!involving!repe00ve(work(with!repe00ve(output,!relies!on(standard(procedures(and(exis0ng(system,!and!focuses!on!“maintaining”!rather!than!“improving”!!

Project�

•  The!applicaEon!of!knowledge,(skills,(tools,(and(techniques!to!project!acEviEes!in!order!to!meet!or!exceed!stakeholder(needs(and(expecta0ons(from!a!project!(PMI,!2013)!

•  Science!`!it!relies!on!proven!and!repeatable!processes(and!techniques!to!achieve!project!success!

•  Art!`!it!involves!managing!and!relaEng!to!people!and!require!the!project(manager((leader(and(leadership)!to!apply!intuiEve!skills!in!situaEon!that!are!totally!unique!for!each!project!

!

Project(Management�

Project(Management(Failure((

of(Mega(Projects�

The!undeveloped!USD!14!billion!The!World!of!300!islands!with!total!area!of!5.6!million!m2,!an!arEficial!archipelago!of!various!small!islands!in!the!shape!of!conEnents!due!to!global!financial!crisis!and!erosion!as!the!islands!had!started!sinking!back!into!the!sea!

!

Sydney!Opera!House,!one!of!the!longest!contractual!sagas!of!the!century!with!16!years!of!delay!due!to!poliEcal!interference,!is!the!20th!century’s!most!disEncEve!world`class!venue!for!

opera!and!performing!arts!!

Project(Management(Failure(

of(Mega(Projects�

The!unfinished!45`storey!office!tower!in!Caracas,!Torre!David!since!1994!has!become!the!tallest!improvised!sky`high!squat!site!to!the!Venezuelan!homeless!

!

Project(Management(Failure(

of(Mega(Projects�

Why(Mega(Projects?�

•  NaEonal!pride!or!security!•  Learning!and!experience!•  Improved!status!and!visibility!•  Symbolised!power,!success!and!technical!leadership!•  Training!and!development!•  OpportuniEes!for!authority!and!responsibility!•  Improved!ability/skills!!

Mega(Projects(and(Malaysia�

0!

2!

4!

6!

8!

10!

12!

PETRONAS!Twin!Towers!

(1997)!

Kuala!Lumpur!InternaEonal!Airport!(1998)!

Putrajaya!(1999)!

Stormwater!Management!and!Road!

Tunnel!(2007)!

Bakun!Dam!(2012)!

Second!Penang!Bridge!

(2013)!

Mass!Rapid!Transit!(2016)!

1.6!3.5!

8.1!

1.9! 2.4!1.4!

11.4!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!USD

!(billion)!

Bakun(Dam�

•  Embankment!dam!located!in!Sarawak!(Malaysian!Borneo)!

•  To!meet!growing!demand!for!electricity!in!Peninsular!Malaysia!(70%)!and!Malaysian!Borneo!(30%)!

•  Delayed!via!3!aaempts:!•  1st!aaempt!(1980s)!–!due!to!decreased!projecEon!of!electricity!

demand!and!use!of!low`cost!natural!gas!as!fuel!•  2nd!aaempt!(1990s)!`!due!to!Asian!financial!crisis!•  3rd!aaempt!(2000s)!–!due!to!dispute!amongst!contracEng!parEes!

•  Issues:!•  Environmental!damages!–!faulty!operaEon!will!put!700!km2!of!land!

under!water!(very!rare!species!and!9,000!Kayan/Kenyah!will!be!affected)!

•  Social!damages!–!diseases,!lack!of!land!areas!for!farming!and!hunEng,!lack!of!transport!faciliEes!

Bakun(Dam�

Indigenous!people!shown!leaving!Bato!Kelau!village!for!the!last!Eme!due!to!construcEon!of!the!Bakun!Dam!

Bakun(Dam�

Bakun!Dam!resealers!have!difficulty!obtaining!jobs!

SMART(Tunnel�

•  Stormwater!Management!and!Road!Tunnel!•  Storm!drainage!and!road!structure!in!Kuala!Lumpur!•  Received!the!UN!Habitat!Scroll!of!Honour!Award!for!

innovaEon!and!unique!management!of!storm!water!and!peak!hour!traffic!

•  The!longest!stormwater!tunnel!in!South!East!Asia!•  Purpose:!

•  Solve!problems!of!flash!floods!in!Kuala!Lumpur!•  Reduce!traffic!jams!during!rush!hour!

•  Components:!•  Stormwater!tunnel!•  Motorway!tunnel!!

SMART(Tunnel�

SMART(Tunnel�

The!world!largest!Tunnel!Boring!Machine!(TBM)!or!beaer!known!as!!a!mole!used!to!drill!the!underground!for!SMART!Tunnel!construcEon!!

SMART!Tunnel!before!flash!flood!

SMART(Tunnel�

SMART!Tunnel!aoer!flash!flood!

SMART(Tunnel�

PETRONAS(Twin(Towers�

•  6th!tallest!building!and!the!tallest!twin!towers!in!the!world!

•  Number!of!storeys:!88!of!each!tower!•  Height:!452!m!above!street!level!•  Built`up!area:!1.1!million!m2!

•  Client:!KLCC!Holdings!•  Architect:!Cesar!Pelli!in!associaEon!with!KLCC!Architect!•  Main!contractors:!Hazama!Corp!and!Samsung!C&T!•  Cost:!

•  Total:!USD!1.8!billion!•  Planning:!USD!130!million!•  Everyday!cost:!USD!0.8!million!•  Each!floor!construcEon!cost:!USD!2.6!million!

100OAcre(KLCC(Development�

1.  88`storey!PETRONAS!Twin!Tower!

2.  865!seats!capacity!PETRONAS!Philharmonic!Concert!Hall!

3.  6`storey!150,000!m2!Suria!KLCC!Retail!Complex!

4.  49`storey!Maxis!Tower!5.  30`storey!Esso!Tower!6.  32`storey!Mandarin!

Oriental!Hotel!7.  20`hectare!KLCC!Park!8.  Mosque!


PETRONAS!Twin!Towers!


PETRONAS!Philharmonic!Concert!Hall!


SURIA!KLCC!Retail!Complex!


Maxis!Tower!


Esso!Tower!


Mandarin!Oriental!Hotel!


KLCC!Park!


Mosque!

PETRONAS(Twin(Towers(PM(

Challenges�

Malaysia!has!no!experience!in!construcEng!mega!skyscrapers!


Challenges�

Original!PETRONAS!Twin!Towers!design!was!16!m!shorter!than!Sears!Tower!roof!


Challenges�

Original!PETRONAS!Twin!Towers!design!was!76!m!shorter!than!Sears!Tower!although!with!the!addiEon!of!pinnacles!


Challenges�

Improper!soil!invesEgaEon!where!original!site!plan!sat!on!the!cliff!edge,!parEally!over!decayed!limestone!deposit!and!soo!rock,!hence!was!moved!61!m!to!allow!siqng!on!soo!

rock!!


Challenges�

The!Malaysian!biggest!concrete!rao!foundaEon!(13,200!m3!concrete)!was!constructed!nailed!with!the!world!deepest!104!concrete!piles!(60!m!to!114!m!deep)!to!encounter!soo!

rock!problems!


Challenges�

IniEally,!each!floor!took!10!days!to!complete!instead!of!8!days!as!per!planned!


Challenges�

Government!can!only!afford!USD!1.6!billion!


Challenges�

Appointment!of!two!main!contractors,!side!by!side,!encourages!healthy!compeEEon!to!keep!the!construcEon!work!on!Eme!!!


Challenges�

In!encountering!construcEon!delay!due!to!unpredictable!weather!of!heavy!tropical!rains,!the!largest!canopy/umbrella!on!earth!was!used!to!cover!the!rao!foundaEon!during!its!

construcEon!with!52!hours!non`stop!concreEng!with!1!truck!load!for!every!2.5!minutes!!


Challenges�

Inconsistent!quality!of!concrete!batch!that!can!do!the!job!of!steel!i.e.!strong!and!flexible!hence!use!silica,!the!leoover!from!computer!manufacturing!as!an!

addiEve!


Challenges�

In!catering!huge!tenant!capacity,!29!double`deck!passenger!elevators!(lower!deck!for!even`numbered!and!upper!deck!for!odd`numbered!floor)!serve!floor!

1`23,!1`37,!1`41,!1`42,!41`88!and!42`88,!respecEvely!!


Challenges�

Safety!precauEons!during!total!evacuaEon!are!criEcal!as!the!capacity!of!the!PETRONAS!Twin!Towers!staircases!are!insufficient!for!emergency!event!


Challenges�

Slender!structures!were!constructed!for!the!skybridge,!the!highest!2`storey!bridge!in!the!world!located!170!m!above!the!ground,!rather!than!heavy!trusses!to!accommodate!

independent!movement!of!towers!as!they!sway!due!to!strong!wind!loads!!


Challenges�

In!recEficaEon!of!Tower!1!leaning!by!25!mm!at!level!72,!the!next!16!floors!were!slanted!back!with!specialist!surveyors!hired!to!check!verEcality!twice!a!day!unEl!the!building's!

compleEon!

management(of( mega(construc0on(projects:(( …...petronas!philharmonic! concert!hall! 3....

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