managers as leader_2010[1] after midterm2
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Principles of Management
Managers as Leaders
CHAPTER-8
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AFTER STUDYING THIS LECTURE, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
Define leadership. Asses how theories of Leadership help
manger at workplace to guide and motivate the peoples.
Describe modern views of leadership. Articulate the differences of leadership
theories. Discuss contemporary issues affecting
leadership.
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Someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority
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The process of influencing a group towards the achievement of goals
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Simply…..
Leading people
Influencing people
Commanding people
Guiding people
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Managers vs. Leaders
Managers Focus on things Do things right Plan Organize Direct Control Follows the rules
Leaders Focus on people Do the right things Inspire Influence Motivate Build Shape entities
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Trait Theories (1920s-30s)
Research focused on identifying personal characteristics that differentiated leaders from non-leaders was unsuccessful.
Later research on the leadership process identified seven traits associated with successful leadership:
Drive, the desire to lead, honesty and integrity, self-confidence, intelligence, job-relevant knowledge, and extraversion
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Seven Traits Associated with Leadership
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Leadership theories that identified behaviors that differentiated effective
leaders from ineffective leadersFour main behavioral studies
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1-University of Iowa
Democratic Style:Involving subordinates, delegating authority & encouraging participation
Autocratic Style:Dictating work methods, centralized decision making & limited participation
Example: leadership in Army
Laissez-faire style:Giving group freedom to make decisions & make complete work
------------------------------------------------------------------------- Research findings: mixed resultsDemocratic style of leadership was most effective, although later
studies showed mix result.
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2-Ohio State Studies
Identified two dimensions of leader behavior
Initiating structure: the role of the leader in defining his or her role and the roles of group members
Consideration: the leader’s mutual trust and respect for group members’ ideas and feelings.
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Research findings: mixed results
High-high leaders generally, but not always, achieved high group task performance and satisfaction.
Evidence indicated that situational factors appeared to strongly influence leadership effectiveness.
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3-University of Michigan Studies
Identified two dimensions of leader behavior
Employee oriented: emphasizing personal relationships
Production oriented: emphasizing task accomplishment
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Research findings:
Leaders who are employee oriented are strongly associated with high group productivity and high job satisfaction.
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4-Managerial Grid
Appraises leadership styles using two dimensions
Concern for People:Measured leader’s concern for subordinates on a scale of 1-9
(low to high)Concern for Production:
Measured leaders’ concern for getting job done on a scale of 1-9
(low to high)
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