managing drinking water · bacteriological samples must be provided from three sources; one from...
TRANSCRIPT
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Managing Drinking Water
2015
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Community GovernmentWater Treatment Plant (WTP) Operator · keep water treatment plant clean
· treat water
· report unsafe water
· perform regular system checks
· perform sampling, testing and recording
· general housekeeping
Supervisor of WTP Operator · manage water licences
· report unsafe water
· assist and advise residents
· develop maintenance workplan
· manage safe water delivery system
· manage water supply, treatment and distribution
Council · approve budget for maintenance and training
· approve rates for water and sewer services
· advise residents
· maintain water licence
· approve annual report for submission to water board
Senior Administrative Officer · develop operator training plan
· report unsafe water
· develop maintenance workplan
· supervise water treatment plant operator
· encourage operator certification
· prepare and submit annual report to water board
Government of the Northwest TerritoriesMunicipal and Community Affairs (MACA) · provide training and certification to operators
· water and sewer funding
· technical and troubleshooting support for water plants
· water supply system reviews
Public Works and Services (PWS) · Project Management and Technical Services for bundled water treatment plant projects
· Provide maintenance assistance, such as generator service, in some regions
Health and Social Services (HSS) · drinking water quality regulatory and enforcement authority
· lead development of and enforce the drinking water quality sampling and testing requirements
· approve the use of a water source, and the design and operation of water systems
· issue boil water advisories
Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) · water stewardship strategy
· trans-boundary management agreement negotiations
· support community-based aquatic ecosystem monitoring
· support community source protection initiatives
Water BoardsWater licences issued by the water boards of the NWT:
· Mackenzie Valley Land and Water Board
· NWT Water Board
· Sahtu Water Board
· Gwich’in Water Board
· Wek’eezhii Water Board
How is Drinking Water Managed in the NWT – Roles and Responsibilities
HSS
PWS
MACA
ENR
Council
Senior Administrative
O�cer
Water Treatment
Plant Operator
Supervisor of WTP
Operator
GOVE
RNM
ENT OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES
COMMUNITY
GOVERNMENT
WATER BOARDS
All photos are credited to the GNWT unless otherwise specified
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February
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Sampling and Testing
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Bacteriological samples must be provided from three sources; one from the treated water storage tank or delivery truck, and two from public buildings. Samples are not normally taken from private homes. Since homeowners are responsible for the cleaning of their own tanks, there is a possibility that an improperly cleaned water tank could cause a positive test when the treatment system is actually working properly.
Water Treatment Plant Operators are responsible for testing the water produced in their plants to ensure that it is safe to drink. Depending on the type of plant, other tests may also be needed to help the operator run the plant. Results from the following tests are recorded and submitted to the EHO for review:
· Chlorine content to ensure that water is disinfected and has some chlorine left in it to provide protection from any bacteria that might be in the delivery truck, pipes,or storage tanks.
· Bacteriological tests for E. coli and total coliform bacteria to make sure disinfection is working.
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· Turbidity, or the “cloudiness” of the water; high turbidity from floating dirt can interfere with disinfection.
· Tests for trihalomethanes (THMs), which are a potential byproduct when chlorine reacts with organics in the water.
· Yearly chemical analysis for 28 parameters, including hardness, turbidity, nutrients, metals, organics, and other elements naturally present in water.
March
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Operator Certifications
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NWT water and wastewater plant operators are certified by the GNWT, which follows standards provided by the Association of Boards of Certification (ABC). Courses are provided through the MACA School of Community Government, using exams from ABC.
To find a copy of the training calendar, contact your regional MACA Office or check the School of Community Government section at: www.maca.gov.nt.ca/events. Operators can also achieve certification through accredited training institutions throughout Canada and apply to have the certification transferred to the NWT.
Operators must be certified to the class level of the plant they are operating. Plants are classified based on the complexity of the treatment system and may be Small Systems, Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3.
Certification to any level requires a combination of education, experience operating the plant, and a passing mark on the exam.
Most NWT operators are certified to their plant’s class level. Many of the rest are from recently upgraded plants and are working on gaining enough experience with their new systems to get the appropriate certification.
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15 16 St. Patrick’s Day 17 18 19 20 21
World Water Day 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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April
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Boil Water Advisories
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Throughout Canada in any given year there are hundreds of boil water advisories issued. In the NWT, the two most common reasons for a boil water advisory are turbidity exceeding the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality for a short time due to spring runoff, or a lack of sampling and testing data being submitted to the EHO. Boil water advisories are issued for high turbidity because it can interfere with the ability of chlorine or UV to disinfect the water. Missing sample data leads to a boil water advisory because if there is no data to prove the water is safe, the EHO has to assume it is not.
For information on current boil water advisories, go to www.maca.gov.nt.ca (look in the “Residents” menu and click on Drinking Water, then click Boil Water Advisories in the list on the right.)
What is a boil water advisory?An advisory to the public that all water used for drinking should be boiled for 1 minute to ensure safety. This includes all water used for making infant formula or juices, washing and rinsing vegetable, brushing your teeth, and washing your hands.
How should tap water be boiled properly?
· Place water in heat-resistant container or in electric kettle without an automatic shut-off.
· Bring to a rolling boil and keep boiling for 1 minute to kill all disease-causing microorganisms. “Rolling boil” means continuous rapid boiling that does not stop or slow when stirred.
· Cool water and pour into clean container or refrigerate until you are ready to use.
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Reminder: Clean your household water tank to keep your family’s drinking water clean and safe!
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The NWT Water Supply System Regulations and the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality require all surface water to be filtered and disinfected, unless a specific exemption is obtained. Filters remove contaminants from water, but can get clogged easily if the water contains a lot of dirt. In this case, the treatment system may include “coagulation”, in which a chemical is added to the water to make particles of dirt stick together and sink to the bottom, where they can be removed along with the chemical before the water passes through the filters. Some types of filters can also remove disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and other organisms, or even remove colour, taste, and odour that can be present in the raw (untreated) water.
Common filter types include:
· Cartridge filters – essentially a cylinder filled with a material similar to a coffee filter (but stronger and with smaller holes), which traps dirt as the water passes through it.
· Membrane filters (including ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis) – in these processes, water is forced under pressure through materials with holes tiny enough to hold back not just dirt, but even bacteria or in some cases, viruses.
· Granular Media Filtration – water is pumped through granular media, such as sand, that traps dirt. In some cases, chemical coagulants are added prior to filtration to make the dirt particles stick together in larger clumps for easier filtration.
· Granular activated carbon filters – water is pumped through small pieces of charcoal, which attract and trap organics and substances that can cause taste and odour problems in water.
· Greensand filters – water is pumped through manganese greensand, which is a green-coloured type of sandstone coated with manganese oxide. The greensand oxidises and removes dissolved iron and manganese, which can cause problems with taste, staining, and microbial growth in water systems.
Disinfection is the final step in the treatment process. Ultraviolet (UV) light and/or chlorine are used to destroy any remaining disease-causing organisms. Chlorine is always added before the water is stored or delivered; this way, there is some chlorine left in the water to provide protection from any bacteria that might be in the delivery truck, pipes, or storage tanks.
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Whatì
DetahNdilǫ
Inuvik
Délįne
Gamètì
Kakisa
Tulita
Aklavik
Wrigley
Wekweètì
Paulatuk
Behchokò ̜Łutselk`e
Hay RiverTrout Lake
Ulukhaktok
Fort Smith
Fort LiardEnterprise
Yellowknife
Tuktoyaktuk
Tsiigehtchic
Norman Wells
Fort Simpson
Sachs Harbour
Nahanni Butte
Colville Lake
Fort McPherson
Fort Good Hope
Fort Resolution
Fort Providence
Jean Marie River
Hay River Dene Reserve
Produced at theNWT Centre for Geomatics
Date by November 8, 13Project ID: MXD-333
This map is not a legal descriptionand is provided without prejudice
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LegendDisinfection onlyCartridge �ltrationMembrane �ltration*Conventional plants (coagulation)Greensand �ltrationGranular media �ltrationScreen & dual-disinfection
Water Treatment in the NWT *New Yellowknife membrane plant under construction at time of publication.
Reminder: Clean your household water tank to keep your family’s drinking water clean and safe!
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Father’s Day
In the NWT, there are several types of treatment systems in use. All systems include chlorination and most include some form of filtration. The type of system chosen for a community depends on the treatment requirements of the available source water. For example, a community whose water supply has high iron and manganese may need a greensand filter, while a community using a high-turbidity source like the Mackenzie River may need a coagulation system.
The map above shows the current plant type for each community. Although only one dot is shown due to the map scale, there are separate plants in Rae and Edzo. Yellowknife's new membrane plant is currently under construction.Inuvik was in the tendering process for construction of their new water treatment facility at the time of publication. Construction was anticipated to begin in early 2015.
July
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Distribution System
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After treatment, drinking water is distributed to individual houses and other buildings. Depending on the community, this may be done using trucks or through a piped system, which may include either an aboveground utilidor or buried pipes. Before entering any distribution system, the treated water has a small amount of chlorine added to prevent the growth of bacteria and viruses within the truck, pipes, or tank.
Reminder: Clean your household water tank to keep your family’s drinking water clean and safe!
Reminder: Operators need to clean tanks and pipes that are part of the water distribution system and are not privately owned.
Piping systems can be a challenge in the north. Even with insulated pipes, the water needs to be heated and/or kept circulating to prevent the pipes from freezing. Individual homes on piped systems often have a circulation pump to keep water flowing in and out through dual service lines when not in use.
In a trucked delivery system, each building has an individual tank to store drinking water; these tanks need to be cleaned at least once a year in order to keep your water safe.
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August
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The water delivered to your household tank is safe and has a little chlorine in it to help protect against bacteria and viruses. However, dirt, algae, and bacteria will build up in your tank over time. When this happens, the chlorine will be used up by the contamination in the tank and won’t be able to keep the water clean. Cleaning your tank at least once each year helps ensure the health and safety of you and your family.
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Reminder: Clean your household water tank to keep your family’s drinking water clean and safe!
· Check out the tank cleaning video on the GNWT Health & Social Services YouTube channel for complete instructions. On YouTube, search for: “Clean Your Water Tank - Help to ensure water quality in your home”.
· All you need is a brand new floor mop, a shop vac, bleach, rubber gloves, eye protection, and optionally a pressure washer.
· Set some water aside to clean the tank.
· You will drain the tank, clean out the slime and dirt, and then disinfect the tank.
· For your own safety, never get inside the tank.
Reminder: Start planning for the NTWWA Conference and Operator’s Workshop this fall!
September
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Source Water Protection
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Source water is raw water from streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands and aquifers. Source water is treated and used as drinking water in our communities. Protecting our source water is important to make sure it remains safe for human consumption and aquatic ecosystem health.
Source water protection is the first barrier in the multi-barrier approach to safe drinking water. The other barriers include water treatment and operator training, water system maintenance (such as water pipes), water quality monitoring, and emergency response planning.
Community source water protection planning is a process that must be led by the community. The Government of the Northwest Territories,
Reminder: The NTWWA Conference is coming up soon – don’t forget to register! For details, visit ntwwa.com and click on: Conferences, Trade Shows, and AGMs.
Environment and Natural Resources worked with Dr. Robert Patrick from the University of Saskatchewan to develop a Source Water Assessment and Protection Guidance Document and a Source Water Assessment and Protection Workbook. Northwest Territories (NWT) communities can use these guidance documents to develop their own plans to protect their source water.
These guidance documents are available on the NWT Water Stewardship website at:nwtwaterstewardship.ca/?q=swprotection#sw2.
If your community is interested in source water protection planning, please contact ENR’s Water Resources Division at (867) 920-6639 or at [email protected].
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October
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Water Licence
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A water licence is an authorization issued for the use of waters, the deposit of waste that may enter water (meaning any substance that, by itself or in combination with other substances, would have the effect of altering the quality of any water), or both.
In general, for a community to obtain a water licence and stay in compliance with it, the following items are required:
· A Water Licence Application;
· Details of the drinking water treatment system, wastewater treatment system, and solid waste facility;
· Quantities of water used and waste disposed;
· Operation & Maintenance (O&M) Plans or Manuals;
· Landfill Closure and Reclamation Plan;
· Spill Contingency Plan;
· Water Quality Monitoring and Sampling Program Surveillance Network Program (SNP); and
· Annual Water Licence Reporting.
· The Land and Water Board can provide templates to assist with the preparation of annual reports, SNP data, O&M manuals and other documents.
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Community-based Monitoring
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Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) supports and promotes the implementation of Northern Voices, Northern Waters: NWT Water Stewardship Strategy (the Water Strategy). The Water Strategy’s vision is “the waters of the Northwest Territories will remain clean, abundant, and productive for all time”. To achieve this vision, ENR is committed to work with water partners toward maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems in the NWT through negotiating trans-boundary water agreements, source water protection planning and community-based water monitoring (CBM).
ENR works with NWT communities to tailor community-based programs to answer the questions that communities have about their water. Common questions in NWT communities are:
· Is the water safe to drink?
· Are the fish safe to eat?
· Is the aquatic ecosystem healthy?
· Is the water safe for future generations?
ENR support for CBM also includes sampling and equipment training, logistical support and some financial assistance, often through proposal writing. The CBM programs aims to increase awareness of water stewardship and link western science with traditional knowledge in effective and respectful ways.
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Aquatic Ecosystem Health
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A goal of Northern Voices, Northern Waters: NWT Water Stewardship Strategy (Water Strategy) is to assure aquatic ecosystems are healthy and diverse. Aquatic ecosystem health indicators can be used to monitor the health of our waters.
Aquatic Ecosystem Health Indicators help us understand:
1. if an aquatic ecosystem is healthy
2. if an aquatic ecosystem is being affected by natural and human disturbance or stress, such as storms or contaminants
Different indicators respond in different ways to environmental disturbance or stress, and can be monitored to assess ecosystem health. Indicator species are sensitive because disturbance or stress affects where they live, what they eat and what they do.
Water partners across the NWT are involved in community-based research and monitoring initiatives to assess ecosystem health in a comprehensive and holistic manner. Important initiatives include the NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (NWT CIMP), Aquatic Effects Monitoring Programs, Canadian Aquatic Biomonitoring Network (CABIN).
In 2011, community members from Fort Smith and Fort Resolution together provided input on potential indicators for the Slave River and Delta from local and traditional knowledge perspectives to assess aquatic health in the area (see river transect to the right).
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January 2016
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Environmental Health Officer (EHO) Inspections
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Environmental Health Officers (EHOs) inspect drinking water systems to ensure that the water is safe to drink. The water source (river, lake, etc.) is assessed to make sure there is no contamination. The treated water is checked for chlorine levels, chemicals and bacteria. If the water is not considered safe, a boil water advisory can be issued.
EHOs travel to communities twice a year to perform the inspections. During the inspection EHOs assess:
· General cleanliness of the facility,
· Sampling and testing records (log sheets), and
· Any obvious deficiencies with the equipment.
Communities are requested to send their log sheets in weekly for EHO review. If there are any issues with the sampling and testing information received, EHOs follow up directly with the Senior Administrative Officer and WTP Operator.
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Notes:
2016
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OctoberSun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
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NovemberSun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
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2016
JanuarySun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
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FebruarySun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
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28 29
MarchSun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
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AprilSun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
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MaySun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
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AugustSun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
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SeptemberSun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
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OctoberSun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
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The Drinking Water Operators Corner on the MACA website is a great resource for log sheets, sampling procedures, safety procedures, and training information. It can be found at www.maca.gov.nt.ca (look in the “Community Government” menu and click on Drinking Water Operators Corner).
Additional information for the public is also available on www.maca.gov.nt.ca (look in the “Residents” menu and click on Drinking Water).
For additional videos on water in the NWT, check out the GNWT Health & Social Services YouTube channel. Go to https://www.youtube.com/user/HSSCommunications/playlists and look for the playlist called “Environmental Health”.
MACA Water & Sanitation Team:Engineering Team Lead, Water and Sanitation (867) 920-8725
Regional Environmental Health Offices:Inuvik Environmental Health Office
(867) 777-4841, (867) 777-4840 Fax (867) 777-4842
Hay River Environmental Health Office
(867) 874-6596 Fax (867) 874-8047
MACA Regional Offices:Beaufort Delta Regional Office (867) 777-7120 Deh Cho Regional Office (867) 695-7220 North Slave Regional Office (867) 920-8066 South Slave Regional Office (867) 872-6531 Sahtu Regional Office (867) 587-7105
ENR NWT Water Strategy:Water Resources Division (867) 920-6639 or [email protected]
Environmental Health Offices, Health and Social Services:Yellowknife Head Office
Reception (867) 669-8979 Fax (867) 669-7517
Land and Water Boards:Mackenzie Valley Land and Water Board (867) 669-0506 NWT Water Board (867) 678-2942 Sahtu Water Board (867) 598-2413 Gwich’in Water Board (867) 777-4954 Wek’eezhii Water Board (867) 713-2500