managing landscape for environmental sustainability...sustainable urban landscape • reducing storm...
TRANSCRIPT
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InternationalConferenceonClimateChangeandMulti-dimensionalSustainabilityinAfricanAgriculture
June3–5,2015
ManagingLandscapeforEnvironmentalSustainabilityRATTANLAL
THEOHIOSTATEUNIVERSITY
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
Lookagainatthatbluepearlinthespace. That’shere.That’shome.That’sus.Onitiseveryoneyoulove,everyoneyouknow,everyoneyoueverheardof, every human being who ever was, lived outtheirlives.Theaggregatesofourjoyandsuffering,thousands of confident religions, ideologies, andeconomic doctrines, every hunter and forager,every hero and coward, every creator anddestroyer of civilizaSon, every king and peasant.Every young couple in love, every mother andfather,hopefulchild, inventorandexplorer,everyteacher of morals, every corrupt poliScian, every“super leader”, every saint and sinner in thehistory of our species lived there- on a mote of
suspendedinasunbeam.
~CarlSagan
THE EARTH
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
www.flickr.com
LANDSCAPE
ItisaheterogeneouslandareacomposedofaclusterofinteracSngecosystemsthatisrepeatedinsimilarformthroughout.
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
www.flickr.com
LANDSCAPE ECOSYSTEMS
Asynthesisofspecificcomponentswithitsbiotaandphysiographicenvironment.
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
ItisthescienceofstudyingandimprovingrelaSonshipsbetweenecologicalprocessesintheenvironmentandparScularecosystems.Alandscapemaycontaintwoormoreecosystemsincloseproximity.
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
anr.ext.wvu.edu
ItisanintenSonalacSvitythatiniSatesoracceleratestherecoveryofanecosystemwithrespecttoitshealth,integrityandsustainability.
ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
hYp://www.dailymail.co.uk/
StrategiesofEcosystemandLandscapeRestoraSon1. ConservingbiodiversityandintegraSngmulSplefuncSons2. Conservingandmanagingwaterresources(maximizinggreenwater)3. ImprovingecosystemfuncSonsandservices4. PromoSngecologicalrestoraSon
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
TenTenetsofSoil/LandscapeRestoraSon1. CreateposiSveCandNbudgets2. Conservewater,andincreasegreenwatersupply3. Controlerosion4. Replacenutrientsharvested,andimprovesoilferSlity5. Improvesoilstructure6. Improvesoilbiota(earthworms,termites,microbes)7. AlleviaterootrestricSveconstraints8. ManagesoilpH9. Maintainafavorablesaltbalance10. Creatediseasesuppressivesoils
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
EcologicalRestoraSon:AHolisScApproach
Crea&ngSustainableLandscape
�Conservingbiodiversity�AverSngirreversibleenvironmental/soilchange�AllocaSngspaSallyscarceresources�IntegraSngmulSplefuncSon
ImprovingEcosystemServices
�EnhancingsoilorganiccarbonsequestraSon�Increasingsupplyofrenewablewater�Improvingbiodiversity�Managingfuturetrade-offsandcomplementariSes�Enhancingnutrientrecycling
ManagingWater�MinimizinglossesbyrunoffandevaporaSon�Maximizingsoilwaterstorage�Enhancinggreenwatersupply�Managingvirtualwater�Recyclinggrey/blackwater�Usingbrackishwater
SustainableIntensifica&on• Producingmorefromless
• Enhancinguseefficiency
ManagingCarbonandNutrients
�CreaSngposiSvebudgetsofC,N,P,S�IncreasingbiologicalNfixaSon�ImprovingmycorrhizalassociaSon�PromoSngcoupledcyclingofH2OwithCandN�Reducinglossesbyerosion
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
PrinciplesofEcologicalRestoraSon1. ImplemenSngatalandscapescale2. Harmonizingtheecologicaleffectswithcurrentandfuturesocialanddemographicchanges
3. DevelopingonorbuildinguponthetradiSonalknowledge4. Usingprinciplesofecologicalengineering(managingwetlands)
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
BiogeochemicalCycles
�ElementalCycling(N,P,S)�NutrientretenSonanduptake�ElementaltransformaSon
WaterCycling
�Renewability�PurificaSon�BlueßàGreenßàGreyConversion
ClimateModera&on
�Gaseousexchangebetweenlandandtheatmosphere�EcosystemCandNpools
Biodiversity
�Habitat �Foodsource �Aboveground,belowground
SustainableLandscape
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
ManagingEcosystemServiceswithinaLandscape
• AdaptaSontoclimatechange• Conservingbiodiversity• ManaginggenelowandspeciesmigraSons• Enhancingecologicalresilience• ManagingnaturalandanthropogenicperturbaSons• AbaSngpolluSon• Managingwaterquality• SupplyingcommodiSes• Preservingculturalvalues• ProvidingaestheScsandrecreaSon
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
Oldgrowthforest
Logged-overforest
Secondaryandagroforestry
Annualcrops
Grassland Mosaiclandscapewithagroforestry,plantaSons,cropfields,woodlots
Carbon
stocks(M
g/ha)
LandscapeManagementforEnvironmentalServices,BiodiversityConservaSon,andLivelihoods
(CGIAR,2015)
DegradaS
on
DeforestaS
on
RefrorestaSo
nand
AgroforestaS
on
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
Blue
GreenGrey/Black
Virtual
WaterResources
TYPESOFWATER
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
sites.google.com
DroughtandRisksofCropFailures
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
www.scidev.net
PerpetualDrought
Sub-SaharanAfrica,especiallythearidandsemi-aridregions,suffersfromperpetualdroughtinterruptedby
devastaSngflashfloods
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
www.ifad.org
WaterManagement(ProducingMorePerDrop)
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
www.icrisat.org
Micro-catchmentforTreeGrowthwithinaLandscape
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
POPULATIONGROWTHINAFRICANCITIES(UNPUBLICATIONST/ESA/SER.A/2742008)
City
Population (106) 1975 2007 2025 Growth (%/yr)
Accra 0.7 2.1 3.4 2.93 Addis 0.9 3.1 6.2 - Dar 0.6 2.9 5.7 4.39 Kinishase 1.5 7.8 16.8 3.89 Lagos 1.9 9.5 15.8 4.44 Nariobi 0.7 3.0 5.9 3.87
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
GreenRoofatOSU
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
reimaginerpe.org
SustainableUrbanLandscape
• Reducingstormwaterrunoff(greenroof)• EnhancingWUEwithinalandscape• Bio-filteringofwastethroughwetlands• UsinggraywaterforirrigaSon• CreaSng/enhancingwildlifehabitatinurbanenvironments(urban
forestry)• Developingenergyefficientlandscapedesign(shadetrees)• Providingpermeablepavingmaterials• Usingcompositewoodproducts• ComposSngandrecycling(kitchen/gardenwaste)• Usingrenewableenergy(solarpanels)• PromoSngurbanagriculture
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
GreenBuildingsandRenewableEnergy
www.telegraph.co.uk
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
www.circleollue.org
ManagingSoil,AlleviaSngDrudgery,andAddressingGender-RelatedIssuesinFarming
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INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE
“Hello there folks. Do you know who or what I am? I am thegeomembrane of the Earth. I am your protecSve filter, your buffer,yourmediatorofenergy,water,andbiogeochemicalcompounds.Iamyour sustainerof producSve life, yourulSmate sourcesof elements,andthehabitatformostbiota.IamthefoundaSonthatsupportsyou,thecradleofyourmyths,andthedusttowhichyouwillreturn.Iamasoil”.
…RichardArnold,2005,SeniorSoilScien4st
SOIL AS A RECYCLING ENTITY: CONVERTING DEATH INTO LIFE