managing power system
TRANSCRIPT
MANAGING POWER SYSTEM P.K.Agarwal Additional General Manager
Power System Operation Corporation Ltd.
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OUTLINE
• Evolution of Electricity Supply System • Overview of Indian Grid
• Tools for Grid Management.
• Electricity Market
• Way forward and Challanges
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EVOLUTION OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SYSTEM
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Supplying electricity to customers in the First District, a one-quarter square mile (0.65 square km) area
Edison’s direct current (dc) generating station at 257 Pearl Street, New York, US
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Direct Current power - suitable to supply to short distance - Nor Suitable for long distance
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EARLY ELECTRICITY GENERATION
• In early days, power plants were localized. • Supplying power to local areas only. • In case of outage, no alternative supply. • Slowly started connecting through transmission system to increase reliability of supply.
• Needed a central control center for coordination and running of connected system in unison.
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VOLTAGE STEP-UP
VOLTAGE STEP-DOWN
CONSUMPTION
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY CHAIN
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Generation Transmission Consumption
Markets
Operations
Service Provider
Evolution of Central Control Center
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Power Grid to Smart Grid
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OVERVIEW OF INDIAN POWER GRID
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Celestial View at Night
Photo Courtesy: NASA
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Indian Power Sector
15%
2%
13%
70%
Hydro Nuclear renewable Thermal
Thermal 191 GW
Hydro 42 GW
Nuclear 6 GW
Renewable 36 GW
Total 275
Power Installed Capacity = 275 GW
22
66%
11%
12%
11%
Wind Small Hydro Bio mass Solar
Wind 23.5 GW
Small Hydro 4 GW
Solar 3.8 GW
Biomass 4.5 GW
Total 35.8 GW
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Towards SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)Grid
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TOOLS FOR GRID MANAGEMENT
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Grid Control Centers Hierarchy Managing Power System 25
Data acquisition in Load Despatch Centers SCADA/EMS System
Acquired data put on displays in SCADA
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SCADA System Architecture
SCADA /EMS SERVERS
JUKE BOX
System Time Rack Swift
FROM GPS
VIDEO PROJECTION SYSTEM
ISR SERVERS
System Time &
Frequency
Local Frequency Input
Workstation Consoles
with Dual Monitors NMS
SERVERS
Development Server (PDS)
Archival Server
ICCP Communication
SERVERS
Frequency, Day & Date Display
Terminal Server
To Backup NLDC
Logger
Printer (B&W)
Printer (Colour)
To all RLDCs
ROUTERS
NID (N/W Intrusion
Detection System)
To DMZ Zones
CISCO PIX Firewall System
UPS Monitoring
System
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ALL INDIA POWER NETWORK Managing Power System 28
Synchrophasors Technology SCADA Vs WAMS (RTU vs PMU) X-Ray Vs MRI
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Indian Grid -‐ WAMS Pilot Project Architecture
NLDC
ERLDC PMU-12
WRLDC PMU-16
PDC/Console
NRLDC PMU-14
SRLDC PMU-12
PDC/Console PDC/Console
PDC/Console
NERLDC PMU-8
PDC/Console
PDC Console
Historian
Router
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Current Synchrophasors deployment in India
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ELECTRICITY MARKETS IN INDIA
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Structure of Indian Electricity Sector Managing Power System 33
Market Design
IMBALANCES CONGESTION MANAGEMENT
ANCILLARY SERVICES
SCHEDULING &
DISPATCH
ELECTRICITY MARKET
“Making Compe--on Work in Electricity”, Sally Hunt
Four Pillars of Market Design
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Evolution of Power Market in India
13/09/15 NLDC - POSOCO 35 2004: Open Access
2008: Power Exchange
2009: Imbalance (UI)
2011: Transmission Pricing (POC)
2010: Power Market, REC
April, 2012: Sub-Hourly Market (15 Min Bidding in PX)
2009: Grant of Connectivity, LTA and MTOA
2009: Trading License
2009: Congestion Management
2014: Deviation Settlement
2015: Ancillary Market
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25 – 12 Years 3 Years – 3 Months
< 3 Months
Medium Term
Short Term Long Term
Contracts in the Short Term Market
Bilateral - Advance
Bilateral - FCFS Power
Exchange
Day - Ahead
Contingency
Different Types of Contracts Managing Power System 36
MCV
MCP
PRICE
Sale Purchase
Accepted Purchase Bids (>= MCP)
(Consumers’ Discount)
Accepted Sale Bids (<= MCP)
(Generators’ Surplus)
Salient Features n Multiple Power
Exchanges q Competition amongst
Exchanges n Voluntary participation n Double sided bidding n Uniform pricing n Day-ahead exchange n 15 Minute bids n Congestion
management by market splitting
Social Welfare Maximization
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DAILY POWER OPERATIO PLANNING PROCESS
Availability Declaration
Entitlements
S L D C
Requisition & Bilateral Agreements
Injection Schedule Drawal Schedule
Revision in DC Revision in Requisition
Final Injection Schedule
Final Drawal Schedule
09:00
10:00
15:00
18:00
22:00
23:00
R L D C
I S G S
Time
Revisions during Current day
Revisions during Current day
0 to 24 hours
Collective Transactions (PX)
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CHALLANGES
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Control Center – Challenges • High pace of growth
• Integration of new Control Centers & RTUs
• Technological obsolescence
• Security Issues
• Ever increasing appetite for information • Multiple stakeholders • Retrieval/presentation of archived data a Herculean task
• Expertise of man behind machine • Knowledge management systems • User friendly interfaces
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India’s Energy Challenge
Energy Security: India is dependent on oil imports for 80% of its demand Energy Access: Around 300 Million people still without access to electricity Growing Demand: In next 12 years India’s electricity requirement to grow 2.5 times Energy Shortage: Electricity shortage estimated at 25-35 GW Global Warming: Climate Change is also an important issue – 20-25% emission intensity reduction by 2020 to the 2005 level
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