MANAGING SOFTWARE ASSETS

~ pertemuan 6 ~Oleh: Ir. Abdul Hayat, MTI

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OBJECTIVES

• What kinds of software and software tools do we need to run our business? What criteria should we use to select our software technology?

• Of what new software technologies should we be aware? How would they benefit our organization?

• How should we acquire and manage the firm’s software assets?

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THE MAJOR TYPES OF SOFTWARE (1)

• Software programSoftware program: Series of statements or : Series of statements or instructions to the computerinstructions to the computer

• System softwareSystem software: Generalized programs, : Generalized programs, manages computer’s resourcesmanages computer’s resources

• Application softwareApplication software: Programs written to : Programs written to perform functions specified by end usersperform functions specified by end users

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THE MAJOR TYPES OF SOFTWARE (2)

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SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND PC OPERATING SYSTEM (1)

• OPERATING SYSTEM– System software– Manages and controls computer

• FUNCTION OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM– Allocates and assigns system resourcesAllocates and assigns system resources– Schedules use of computer resources Schedules use of computer resources – Monitors computer system activitiesMonitors computer system activities– Provides locations in primary memory for data and programsProvides locations in primary memory for data and programs– Controls the input and output devicesControls the input and output devices

• MULTIPROGRAMMINGMULTIPROGRAMMING– Executes two or more programs concurrently using the same Executes two or more programs concurrently using the same

computercomputer– CPU executes only one program but services the input/output needs CPU executes only one program but services the input/output needs

of others of others

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SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND PC OPERATING SYSTEM (2)

• MULTI TASKINGMULTI TASKING– Multiprogramming capability of single-user operating systemsMultiprogramming capability of single-user operating systems

• VIRTUAL STORAGEVIRTUAL STORAGE– Handles programs more efficiently by dividing the programs into Handles programs more efficiently by dividing the programs into

small fixed or variable length small fixed or variable length • TIME SHARINGTIME SHARING

– Sharing of computer resources by many users simultaneously Sharing of computer resources by many users simultaneously • MULTIPROCESSINGMULTIPROCESSING

– Executing two or more instructions simultaneously in a single Executing two or more instructions simultaneously in a single computer using multiple central processing unitscomputer using multiple central processing units

• LANGUAGE TRANSLATION AND UTILITY SOFTWARELANGUAGE TRANSLATION AND UTILITY SOFTWARE– Translates high-level language programs into machine language Translates high-level language programs into machine language

TYPES OF SOFTWARE

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PC O/S AND GUI

• GUIs in contemporary PC operating systemsGUIs in contemporary PC operating systems• Windows XPWindows XP• Microsoft’s Windows 98 and MeMicrosoft’s Windows 98 and Me• Windows 2000Windows 2000• Windows .NET serverWindows .NET server• UNIXUNIX• Linux: open-source softwareLinux: open-source software

APPLICATION SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

• Programming languagesProgramming languages: evolved from : evolved from machine language to high-level languages for machine language to high-level languages for business and scientific workbusiness and scientific work

• Important programming languages for Important programming languages for business todaybusiness today: COBOL, C, C++, and Visual : COBOL, C, C++, and Visual BasicBasic

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FOURTH-GENERATION LANGUAGES

• Fourth-generation languageFourth-generation language: Can help end : Can help end users develop software with little or no users develop software with little or no assistance from IS specialists assistance from IS specialists

• Natural languagesNatural languages: Close to human language: Close to human language• Query languagesQuery languages: Provide immediate on-line : Provide immediate on-line

answers to requests answers to requests

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OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

• Object-oriented programmingObject-oriented programming– Approach to software development that combines Approach to software development that combines

data and procedures into a single objectdata and procedures into a single object

• Visual programmingVisual programming– Construction of software programs by selecting Construction of software programs by selecting

and arranging programming objectsand arranging programming objects

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CLASS AND INHERITANCE

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CONTEMPORARY TOOLS FOR SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

• JAVA– Programming language Programming language – Delivers the software functionality needed for a particular taskDelivers the software functionality needed for a particular task– Runs on any computer and operating systemRuns on any computer and operating system

• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML):Hypertext Markup Language (HTML):– Page description language, creates Web pages and other hypermedia documentsPage description language, creates Web pages and other hypermedia documents

• XML (eXtensible Markup Language): XML (eXtensible Markup Language): – Describes the structure of a document, supports links to multiple documents, allowing data to be manipulated by the computerDescribes the structure of a document, supports links to multiple documents, allowing data to be manipulated by the computer

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APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGE AND PRODUCTIVITY SOFTWARE

• PC software toolsPC software tools: Word Processing Software, : Word Processing Software, Spreadsheets, Data Management Software, Spreadsheets, Data Management Software, Presentation GraphicsPresentation Graphics

• Other productivity softwareOther productivity software: e-mail, : e-mail, groupware, Web browsersgroupware, Web browsers

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WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE

SOFTWARE FOR ENTERPRISE INTEGRATION

• Enterprise softwareEnterprise software– Set of integrated modules for major business functionsSet of integrated modules for major business functions– Allows data to be used by multiple functions and business Allows data to be used by multiple functions and business

processesprocesses• MiddlewareMiddleware

– Allows two disparate applications to communicate to exchange Allows two disparate applications to communicate to exchange datadata

• Web serverWeb server– Manages requests for Web pages on the computer where they Manages requests for Web pages on the computer where they

are storedare stored• Enterprise application integration softwareEnterprise application integration software

– Ties together multiple applications to support enterprise Ties together multiple applications to support enterprise integrationintegration

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HARDWARE TECHNOLOGY REQUIREMENTS FOR E-COMMERCE

AND DIGITAL FIRM• Capacity planning: Process of predicting the Capacity planning: Process of predicting the

computing power computing power • Scalability: Ability of a computer, product, or Scalability: Ability of a computer, product, or

system to expand and to serve without system to expand and to serve without breaking downbreaking down

TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (TCO) OF TECHNOLOGY ASSETS

• Designates the total cost of owning Designates the total cost of owning technology resourcestechnology resources

• Includes initial purchase costs, cost of Includes initial purchase costs, cost of hardware and software upgrades, hardware and software upgrades, maintenance, technical support, and trainingmaintenance, technical support, and training

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RENT VS BUILD DECISION• On-line storage service providersOn-line storage service providers

– Third-party providers that rent out storage space to subscribers Third-party providers that rent out storage space to subscribers over the Web over the Web

– Allow customers to store and access dataAllow customers to store and access data• Application service providers (ASPs)Application service providers (ASPs)

– Provide software that can be rented by other companies Provide software that can be rented by other companies • Other types of service providersOther types of service providers

– Management service providers and business continuity service Management service providers and business continuity service providersproviders

• Utility computing Utility computing – ““Pay as you go” model” where firms pay only for the Pay as you go” model” where firms pay only for the

information technology resources they actually use during a information technology resources they actually use during a specified periodspecified period

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or NAS) secure network connection.

CUSTOMER PREMISES

Vendor-supplied portalsoftwaregives a customer

the same view as the vendoroperations center.

Storageinfrastructure

(may bedirect-attachedstorage, SANs

SECURE NETWORK CONNECTIONThe customer's actual data never passes

through the firewall;rather, metadataneeded to manage storage flows across a

Usingproprietary

software,vendor employees

monitor andmanage a customer's

storage.

VENDOROPS. CENTER

Firewall

Vendor'son-site

hardwaredevice

MANAGING HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ASSETS

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