Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water

Supplyby Shri Sanjeev Aggarwal, Chief Engineer (P&D), Shri Ravi Shanker, Director & Shri P K Sharma, Dy. Director, River Data Directorate, Central Water Commission

1

Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply

Fixed and limited water resources with skewed spatial and temporal distribution.

Continuous growth of population making the country as water stressed by 2050.

Improved lifestyle resulting in increased water and power usage.

Shift of population towards urban centers requires shifting of natural resources also.

Waste water management issuesHeavy subsidy on water supplyReasonable return period for industries on

investment made for water conservation

2

Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply

• Water Availability Scenario Total precipitation over India – 4000 BCM Temporal Skewness : 50% of which happens within

15 days and in less than 100 hrs. Spatial Skewness : 100 mm (Rajasthan) to 10900

mm (Meghalaya) CWC assessment of Water Resources Potential of

country: 1869.37 BCM Utilisable Surface Water: 690.1 BCM ;

Groundwater : 433 BCM – Total utilisable water resources 1123 BCM

3

Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply

• Water audit for Urban Water Supply (~ 6% ) Planning Commission has given due emphasis on Water Audit

in its 12th Plan Vision Document. Central Water Commission Guideline of Dec, 2005: “GENERAL

GUIDELINES FOR WATER AUDIT & WATER” - Annex-C : formats for undertaking water audit exercise by civic bodies.

Schema of Water Audit courtesy IWA/AWWA Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi : Tughlakabad

Institutional Area Office : Institutional / office Water Audit Ministry of Water Resources : National Bureau for Water Use

Efficiency Notional not actual Water Charges for urban users

4

Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water SupplyAnnex- C

DOMESTIC WATER AUDITAssessment of water requirement for residential Units

Number of persons / user in the residential unit =

Measurement of Water Uses per Residential UnitSl. No. Fixtures Rate of Discharge

(litre/min)Average Duration of Use (min) Average

Quantity per Use (litre)

No. of Uses (No.)

Total Daily Use (litre)

Per Capita Daily

Water Use (litre)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)1 Kitchen faucet

2 Utility faucet-1

3 Utility faucet-2

4 Bathroom faucet-1

5 Bathroom faucet-26 Bathroom faucet-3

7 Other faucet-1

8 Other faucet-2

9 Shower-1

10 Shower-2 11 Shower-3

12 Toilet-1

13 Toilet-2

14 Toilet-3

15 Washing Machine16 Dish washer

17 Others

TOTAL5

Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply

6

Water from own

sources (Corrected for known

errors)

System Input

VolumeA

Water Exported

Authorized ConsumptionB

Billed Authorized

Consumption

Billed Water Exported

Revenue WaterF

Water Supplied

Billed Metered Consumption

Billed Unmetered Consumption

Unbilled Authorized

Consumption

Unbilled Metered Consumption

Non-Revenue WaterG

Unbilled Unmetered Consumption

Water LossesC

Apparent LossesD

Unauthorized Consumption

Customer Metering Inaccuracies

Data-Handling Error

Water Imported Real LossesE

Leakage on Transmission and

Distribution in Mains Leakage and

Overflows at Utility’s Storage Tanks

Leakage on Service connections up to Point of Customer

Metering

Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply

• Water Audit for Industrial Water Supply ( ~ 9% in India, ~ 25% in Industrialized / Developed nations)

Major users : Thermal Power Plants, Oil Refineries, Paper & Pulp Industry, Fertilizer Industry, Textile Industry and Food Processing

Purposes: cooling, dilution and/or transportation of waste, cleaning, lubrication, processing and often as base material. (i.e. soft drinks)

Major benefits to Industries on utilizing the results of water audit : financial , water consumption

Assessment of TERI for thermal power plants ( 80 m3 Indian , 10 m3 Developed Nations); IFP Energies Nouvelles: Assessment for Refineries

Energy-Water Demand relation: A Maheu, McGill University7

Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply

8

Main Intake Water Reservoir

Total Intake Water: 380,000 m3 /day

Coal Handling(22,000 m3/ day

 Drinking Water

Supply (Township & Plant)

Filter House

110,000 m3/ day

Ash Handling System

Raw Water Treatment (Clarification)

Waste Water Discharge to Open drain

64,000 m3/ day

TownshipSTP

Waste WaterDM Plant

Boilers

Steam

Turbines

Feed Water

Condensers

3,800 m3 / day (discharged unused)

Observed leakages 300m3

/dayFire Fighting

Ash Dyke

Observed high leakages

Ct: (190,000 m3/day)

Evaporative + Drift looses

Cooling Towers (CT)

Auxiliary Uses

22,000m3/day (Drain unsued)

Closed Cycle Water

Recirculation

Waste water drain

Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply

9

Main Intake Water Reservoir

Rationalizing township water supply (13,000 m3/day)

Drinking Water Supply (Township & Plant)

Township STP

Waste Water

3,800 m3/day (Reused for horticulture within the

township)

 

Filter House

DM Plant

Boilers

Steam

Turbines

Condensers

Feed Water

Raw Water Treatment (Clarification)

Fire Fighting

Plugging leakages 300m3/day

Wastewater drain

 

Auxiliary Uses

Reduced Total Intake Water: 147,000 m3/day

Ash Handling System

Ash Dyke

Recycling & Plugging Leakages

(74,000m3/day)

 

Coal Handling

Proposed wastewater

treatment & recycling

Cooling Towers (CT)

Evaporative + Drift losses

 

Reducing CT specific water consumption (78,000 m3/day)

 

Optional direct reuse 22,000 m3/day

 

Closed Cycle Water

 

Recirculation

 

64,000 m3/day

 

Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply

10

Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply

11

• Mandatory Water Audit Framework: should be based on entire consumption cycle based on source to sink approach. The dynamic assessment model should not only evaluate the existing system / process / infrastructure for its efficiency but should also be able to suggest workable models for future.

• Role of Central Water Commission: CWC has established hydro-meteorological observation network including Water Quality Monitoring on major river basins of India. Further, it has knowledge of planning, appraisal, cost-accounting and execution of projects. Which may be aptly utilized for preparation and execution of National Mandatory Water Audit Framework.

Thanks

by Shri Sanjeev Aggarwal, Chief Engineer (P&D), Shri Ravi Shanker, Director & Shri P K Sharma, Dy. Director, River Data Directorate, Central Water Commission

12