Manifest Destiny

Ch. 9

Expanding markets

As the U.S. became more industrialized peoples lives also changed.

Most country farmers were self sufficient meaning that they grew crops, raised animals for food, and made their own clothes and home products.

The Economy Shifted from sufficiency farming to specialization – raising cash crops to sell for money.

This caused a market revolution which people used money from cash crops to buy goods produced by other workers rather than making them for themselves

Important Inventors

Charles Goodyear – Vulcanized Rubber

Elias Howe – Sewing Machine

I.M. Singer – Added foot pedal to sewing machine, that cut down time

John Deere – blacksmith who invented the steel plow (allowed farmers to replace oxen with horses)

Cyrus McCormick – mechanical reaper

Communication and Transportation While industry and factories

were growing rapidly, farming was also booming to keep up with demand from these.

Samuel B. Morse – invented the telegraph in 1837… greatly improved communication from region to region

Faster transportation quickly followed

Robert Fulton the Clermont – first steamboat… increased water transportation (Erie Canal)

The Railroad

Farmers and factories were looking for cheaper and faster ways to transport goods.

By the 1850’s Railroads were carrying billions of tons of freight and numerous passengers.

Railroads and the telegraph were making a huge country a lot smaller.

Manifest Destiny

The belief by Americans that it was the destiny of the U.S. to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

The prospects of cheap land and a better life caused many settlers to start moving west.

In the 1830’s and 1840’s there was a huge migration of people to the Western part of the U.S.

Hardships of settlers

As settlers moved west they had violent conflicts with natives

Many native groups attacked settlers because they were trying to protect their land, tribes, and cultures.

Routes West taken by settlers

The Mormons

Mormons – religious group (Christians) founded by Joseph Smith in 1827. Church of Jesus Christ of latter day Saints

Settled in Illinois and grew to 20,000

Mormons practiced polygamy – having more than one wife and were persecuted by mainstream Christians.

Smith was jailed and killed by an angry mob in 1844

Mormon Migration

Brigham Young who became the leader Smith

Young convinced followers to leave the U.S. and migrate west

They moved west to the Rockies and stopped at the Great Salt Lake

The Mormons built a thriving society in the Mexican territory

Oregon Territory Dispute

There was disputes between the U.S. and Britain over the Oregon Territory.

Both sides claimed the territory.

James Polk called for annexation of the entire territory

“Fifty-Four Forty or Fight” – slogan that referred to the U.S owning the whole territory until the 54th parallel (north border)

Settlement of Texas

Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821.

Mexico controlled Texas and the whole Southwest part of North America

Because of the dangers posed by Natives, very few Mexicans settled in Texas.

The Mexican govt. invited and encouraged American settlers to come to Texas

American Settlers move to Texas Empresarios – Americans who recruited

settlers to Texas In exchange the Mexicans govt. gave large

grants of land to them Settlers were given two conditions by the

Mexican govt. Obey Mexican laws and observe the official religion of Roman Catholicism

Go To Texas

Stephen Austin was one of the most successful empresarios.

Because of his and others efforts the English speaking population surged in Texas (45,000 in 1835, outnumbering Mexican population by 10 to 1)

After the Mexican govt. clamped down on the settlers and put Austin in jail, the Settlers rebelled.

Remember the Alamo

Determined to Force Texans to obey Mexican authority President/General Santa Anna marched a 4,000 man army north to Texas.

In 1835 A small group in an old Spanish mission fought furiously to hold off the Mexican Army

Davy Crocket and Jim Bowie In the end the group was

overran and killed, but did unify Texans to resist the Mexican Army

Texas wins Independence

Sam Houston – leader of the Texas military and 1st president of Texas

Battle of San Jacinto – Houston’s forces routed the Mexicans and captured Santa Anna at this deciding battle

In 1836 Texas became “The Lone Star Republic” after the U.S. refused to accept them as a state.

Why? Slavery politics – northern states blocked Texas admission, knowing that it would become a large and powerful slave state.

Texas is finally admitted to the Union In the Election of 1844, James Polk promised

that the U.S. would annex Texas if he was elected.

Polk favored expanding the U.S. as much as possible

Polk did become the next president and in 1845 Texas became the 28th American State.

Causes of the Mexican War

Hopes of Gaining territory (Polk) Border Dispute - U.S. Rio Grande River

Mexico Nueces River Instable Mexcan Govt. Rejection of John Slidell’s attempt to meet

with the Mexican govt.

The start of the war

President Polk sent General Zachary Taylor down to the Rio Grande River

In 1846 Mexico sent troops to attack what it perceived as a violation of its territory.

During the attack 9 U.S. soldiers were killed. President Polk asked Congress to declare

war on Mexico.

Strategy

Seize California and New Mexico

Invasion of Mexico General Taylor “Old Rough and

Ready” captured Monterrey after marching south from the Rio Grande

Winfield Scott’s “Old Fuss and Feathers” force sailed south and captured Vera Cruz. Then headed to Mexico

City, which it captured on Sept. 14, 1847

Zachary Taylor and A.L. de Santa Ana

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Ended the Mexican War Mexico accepted the Rio Grande River as border for

Texas Mexico also gave the U.S. New Mexico and

California. The U.S. agreed to pay $ 15 million for the ceded

territory ( which included California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado and Wyoming)

Gadsden Purchase - In 1853 the U.S. bought more land from Mexico south of the Gila River (New Mexico & Arizona) *** This added the last of the territory of the Cont. 48 U.S.

Territory.

U.S. Expansion

The Gold Rush

After California was added as a territory of the U.S. reports of numerous Gold finds spread across the country

49’ers - Gold Prospectors began to

flock to California in 1849 Chinese, African

Americans, Mexicans, and American settlers all moved to California causing a diverse population

Day 1

Trivia What Texas metropolis is named for the first

president of the Republic of Texas? In Class Schedule

Notes (QS 1-8) Free Reading – SSR

Homework

Day 2

Quote "Give a man a fish you feed him for a day teach a

man to fish you feed him for a lifetime"- In Class Schedule

Notes (QS 1-8) Map p. 217

Homework

Day 3

Quote "Good judgment comes from experience and

experience, well, that comes from poor judgment"-Anon

In Class Schedule Notes (QS 1-8) Free Reading – SSR

Homework

Day 4

Trivia What famous blind and deaf author and teacher is

buried in Washington’s National Cathedral? In Class Schedule

Notes (QS 1-8) Free Reading – SSR

Homework

Day 5

Brain Teaser If you have only one match and you walked into a

room where there was an oil burner, a kerosene lamp, and a wood burning stove, which one would you light first?

In Class Schedule Notes (QS 1-8) Free Reading – SSR

Homework

Day 6

U.S. Trivia Where was the first Confederate Capital?

In Class Schedule Notes (QS 1-8) Free Reading – SSR

Homework