manual handling policy · review if the circumstances change. it is not practicable to completely...

Staffordshire University Academies Trust

Trust Policy Document

Approved by:

Trust Board Issue date: April 2020 Review date: April 2022

Policy Owner:

Operations Manager Page: 1 of 26

Audience: Trustees Staff Students Local Academy Council

Parents General Public

Manual Handling Policy Introduction Manual handling means the transporting or supporting of a load, including the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving by hand or bodily force. A load may be an inanimate object, person or animal. Work related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), including manual handling injuries are amongst the most common type of occupational ill-health in the UK. They can occur almost anywhere in the workplace and heavy manual labour, awkward postures, repetitive movements of arms, legs and back or previous/existing injury can increase the risk.

It is a legal requirement for employers to manage the risks associated with manual handling. The Manual Handling Operations Regulations establish a clear hierarchy of measures for dealing with risks from manual

handling. These are:

Avoid hazardous manual handling tasks so far as reasonably practicable; Assess any hazardous manual handling task that cannot be avoided; Reduce the risk of injury so far as reasonably practicable; and Review if the circumstances change.

It is not practicable to completely eliminate manual handling, however, management arrangements must consider how risks can be minimised and controlled; as a basic requirement, good back care must be actively promoted. This Manual Handling Policy aims to ensure that staff can work successfully in preventing and reducing manual handling injuries and MSDs at work.

1. Success Indicators

The following indicators will demonstrate success in preventing and reducing manual handling related injuries and MSDs:

a. Employees have access to back care awareness information. b. Managers ensure that manual handling risk assessments are undertaken and that control measures

are implemented and monitored. c. Equipment is provided to reduce risk as recommended by the risk assessments. d. Employees receive training in manual handling when need identified and to meet the requirements

within this document. e. Employees identified with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are referred to Occupational Health

and individual risk assessments completed. f. Managers act upon management data (sickness absence, accident records etc.) to monitor and

reduce MSDs.

2. Health, Safety and Wellbeing Management Arrangements

These arrangements will apply to employees of the Staffordshire University Academies Trust. Employees should be aware, in accordance with HSE guidance, that they have duties too. They should:

Follow systems of work in place for their health and safety;



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Use properly any equipment provided for their health and safety;

Cooperate with the employer on health and safety matters;

Inform the employer if things change or they identify hazardous handling activities; Take care to make sure their activities do not put others at risk.

2.1 Risk Assessments

Where the risk assessment process identifies hazardous manual handling tasks, the manager must ensure the following procedure is carried out:

Consider whether the hazardous manual handling task can be avoided;

If not, a manual handling risk assessment should be carried out by a competent person;

The risk assessment should consider the: Task – the job/operation being carried out with reference to working postures, moving

distance, frequency, number of employees, duration of the work, the pace of the work etc. Individual(s) - carrying out the task with reference to the need for information, training and

supervision, health status, uniform/clothing, footwear, their capacity, and other personal effects.

Load/person – with reference to weight, size, shape, handholds and external properties of

the load. For the person, other considerations include: physical factors, behavioural factors, history of falls, medication etc.

Environment – with reference to space, floor surfaces, working heights, equipment,

temperature, lighting, arrangement of furniture etc. Other – (protective clothing, work organisation, equipment, materials or handling aids,

psychosocial risk factors which may affect workers’ psychological responses to their work and workplace conditions such as high workloads, tight deadlines and lack of control over the work and working methods, which may make people more likely to develop MSDs.)

It is important to consider the individual requirements of the employees who may be especially at risk, for example, new or expectant mothers, people with disabilities which may make it more difficult to undertake a particular task, those returning to work after a manual handling injury, who may be on a phased return to work, inexperienced new or temporary workers, lone workers. Employees must make their manager aware of any problems or health issues which they have relating to manual handing, or which manual handling tasks could adversely affect, so that appropriate control measures can be implemented. All risk assessments must be recorded and communicated accordingly, whether this is an individual manual handling risk assessment or an overarching manual handling risk assessment. Safe systems of work should be recorded on the appropriate manual handling risk assessment form or handling plan, and communicated to all relevant employees and partners/agencies.

The risk assessment must be reviewed if there are substantial changes, or periodically to ensure that the content is relevant and supportive. Work activities must be regularly reviewed to make sure the risks are being adequately controlled and that the risk assessments remain relevant.

All handling must be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the risk assessment except in a life threatening or emergency situation. If an emergency situation can be foreseen e.g. the person identified as at risk from falls or fire, then a plan must be in place.



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The trust and its academies will communicate effectively in relation to moving and handling issues in order to achieve a consistent approach and to reduce the health and safety risks of all those involved.

2.2 Manual Handling of Inanimate Objects Manual handling risk assessment(s) must be used to prioritise the most urgent actions to minimise lifting. Mechanical aids should be used whenever possible. Good ergonomics, planning and the design of the workplace will often eliminate hazards at an early stage. Manual handling risk assessments must be followed for tasks of this nature, including any individual risk assessments. Depending on the nature of the task, the academy may require task specific risk assessments.

For complex or very high risk manual handling tasks, the Staffordshire County Council Health, Safety and Wellbeing Service are available to support the manager/assessor to reduce the risk to an acceptable level. This could include providing ergonomic advice and assessment of the task. Where risks cannot be reduced to an acceptable level, this will be discussed with the relevant senior manager at the academy. 2.3 People Handling

It is a legal requirement under The Equalities Act 2010 to ensure that those with a disability are not subjected to discrimination. Having suitable movement and handling plans, designed to meet the needs of the individual, helps to ensure that those with mobility limitations are able to participate in life as fully as possible. Managers must ensure that all service users and pupils, who can safely do so, are encouraged to move themselves and where necessary and every person who needs assistance is individually assessed by a competent person taking into account their individual needs, capabilities and circumstances. The rehabilitation and development needs of the individual will be considered in conjunction with the importance of employee and service user safety. Managers will adopt a problem solving approach which considers the use of a variety of handling methods and equipment to reduce the risk of injury. Service user and pupil independence will be encouraged at all times. Staff who are supporting with movement and handling will be appropriately trained to in accordance with the support they are providing, and this will be documented on academy systems. Where restrictive physical intervention may be required in the academy setting, staff will be appropriately trained to do so, and records of training will be maintained on the academy’s system. Further information can be found by accessing the Restrictive Physical Intervention Policy.

For complex handling tasks, the Staffordshire County Council Health, Safety & Wellbeing Service can be contacted to support the manager/assessor. Where risks cannot be reduced to an acceptable level, this will be discussed with the relevant member of management staff. Following assessment, managers must ensure an individual handling plan is produced which is reviewed at appropriate intervals or when circumstances change.



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2.4 Manual Handling in the Event of a Fire As part of the Fire Safety arrangements for premises, individuals who will require help to evacuate must be identified and a Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan (PEEP) should be developed. As part of the PEEP, any equipment that will be required to facilitate evacuation e.g. Evac® Chair must be identified and provided. Staff responsible for evacuating individuals should be appropriately trained in the use of equipment used to aid evacuation, such as the Evac® Chair, and the equipment must be inspected and maintained to the required schedule in accordance with manufacturer guidance and applicable lifting regulations (LOLER).

2.5 Manual Handling Equipment

Equipment identified by the risk assessment to be used to reduce the risk must be:

Appropriate for its intended use;

Stored in a convenient and easily accessible place;

Serviced and maintained to meet manufacturers’ standards;

Where appropriate comply with the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER).

2.6 Dress Code for Moving and Handling

The following dress code must be implemented when carrying out manual handling activities for employees who are involved in regular or hazardous moving and handling tasks:

Flat or low heeled, supportive footwear with non-slip sole (open-toed footwear should not be worn);

Clothes should be non-restrictive and allow ease of movement;

Employees should not wear jewellery, have body piercing(s) or have long nails/nail extensions which may cause harm to themselves or the person/load being moved.

Long hair should be tied back.

Personal protective equipment e.g. gloves and protective footwear should also be worn in accordance with local risk assessments.

2.7 Incidents/Ill health

Managers must ensure that they record every work related manual handling incident and reported ill health. Where personal injury results from any manual handling activity an accident report must be filed on the My Health and Safety System. Managers must investigate any incidents reported to monitor trends in MSD and ensure they identify clear courses of action. Managers can refer employees suffering with MSDs to occupational health and/or physiotherapy services to support managers and employees to manage any ill health symptoms. Evidence shows that early intervention can support employees to remain in work/return to work/full duties more quickly than without physiotherapy.

3. Training and Information

Manual handling training, including how to use equipment, will be provided to all employees as identified by line managers. Training programmes are available to meet the needs of specific occupational groups. Refresher training should take place in accordance with the training programme recommended timeframes.



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4. Record keeping Once a manual handling risk assessment is no longer valid it must be kept in accordance with the Compliant Records Management Policy. In the case of individual risk assessments that relate to a child the assessment must be kept for 21 years from their date of birth.

Manual handling training records need to be kept in accordance with the risk assessment. 5. Monitoring and reviewing these arrangements Risk assessments should also be reviewed following significant changes or if there is reason to suspect it is no longer valid e.g. change in best practice, after an accident, change in person ’s health etc. It is good practice to review risk assessments annually. Managers must monitor the effectiveness of control measures and ensure that they are implemented and effective and have been communicated to all relevant parties. 6. Management of Contract Activities When commissioning outside agencies/contractors to carry out a service on behalf of the Academy or Trust that involves hazardous manual handling tasks, it is essential that the commissioning process includes the following: -

An assessment to determine the competency of the agency/contractor;

A review of their health and safety performance and access to competent advice;

Ensuring evidence that suitable risk assessments and control measures are in place;

The agency/contractors working practices are operated in line with current legislation and codes of practice;

Suitable training is in place and this training is documented;

Agency/contractor has suitable public and employer liability insurance cover;

Agencies/contractors are audited and monitored to ensure standards are maintained;

Agencies/contractors report on their health and safety performance which should details of accident/incident trends to the commissioning officer.

7. Health Safety and Wellbeing Supporting Information

- Guidance on Safe Handling of Inanimate Objects and People – Appendix 1 - Manual Handling Risk Assessments Quick Reference Flow Chart – Appendix 2 - Manual Handling Risk Assessment Record– Appendix 3 - Manual Handling Risk Assessment and Handling Plan – Appendix 4 The Health, Safety & Wellbeing Service have received specialist training and are able to provide advice on complex manual handling activities. Occupational Nurses are available to advise managers on how to manage and support employees with vulnerabilities/medical conditions. 8. Equalities and Human Rights Consideration

This policy has had an equalities impact assessment using the equality commission screening criteria. No significant equality implications have been identified.



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Appendix 1 - Safe Handling of Inanimate Objects and People 1. Introduction

Eliminate or avoid the risks from manual handling as far as possible, where it is not possible to remove all the risks they should be reduced to as low a level as reasonably practicable. An ergonomic approach is recommended, i.e. look at how the task can be fitted to the individual, rather than the individual having to try and fit to the task. There are some basic principles which should be observed when carrying out manual handling:

ensure that the object is light enough to lift, is stable and unlikely to shift or move

heavy or awkward loads should be moved using a handling aid

make sure the route is clear of obstructions

make sure there is somewhere to put the load down wherever it is to be moved to

stand as close to the load as possible, and spread your feet to shoulder width

bend your knees and try and keep the back's natural, upright posture

grasp the load firmly as close to the body as you can

use the legs to lift the load in a smooth motion as this offers more leverage reducing the strain on your back

carry the load close to the body with the elbows tucked into the body

avoid twisting the body as much as possible by turning your feet to position yourself with the load.

2. Manual Handling Risk Assessments

The Manual Handling Operations Regulations provide the framework for the risk assessment process within manual handling. It requires a systematic assessment process of all the relevant areas with the aims of identifying the main areas of risk and developing a plan (safe system of work) for those involved. It is the duty of the employer as far as reasonably practicable to:

Avoid hazardous manual handling tasks so far as reasonably practicable;

Assess the risk where it is not possible to avoid the task

Reduce the risk to the lowest reasonably practicable level

Review if the circumstances change. 2.1 TILEO

A basic assessment should consider:

Task

Individual Capability

Load

Environment

Other Factors The above list is often summarised as TILEO. The following tables look at each component of TILEO in more detail and gives examples.



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The Task

Factor Example (Inanimate Objects)

Example (Person)

Does it involve….

Holding loads away from the body

Lifting a sack of rubbish from a bin

Supporting a person’s limb during personal care

Bending or stooping Lifting an object from the floor

Supporting a small child walking

Large vertical movements Placing files onto a high shelf

Lifting a child who has climbed onto a table

Long carrying distances Carrying equipment where no trolley is available

Carrying a child from a classroom to the toilet

Strenuous pushing or pulling Pushing a lawnmower Pushing a wheelchair user up an incline

Repetitive handling Production line

Insufficient rest or recovery periods

Moving a delivery consignment

Assisting a number of service users to get up in the morning

A rate of work imposed by a process or frequent prolonged effort

Lifting to/from a conveyor belt

Getting a number of people up in a certain time frame/regular toileting regimes/put-to-bed routines etc.

Are there other circumstances to consider

Equipment failure Evacuation of premises


Factor Example

Does the job….

Require unusual strength Is there an expectation for the tallest and/or strongest members of employees to perform tasks?

Create a hazard to those who might be pregnant or have a health problem

Are there aspects of the task that can be seen to present a risk to pregnant woman or for example, to someone who already has a back problem or other health problem?

Need particular information or training

Does the person carrying out the task have sufficient knowledge and skill to continue safely? Has there been a consideration of the skill level required to do the task?

Other Requirements Is a barring and disclosure check required?

The Load (as an object)

Factor Example

Is the load….

Heavy Filing cabinet, large furniture,

Bulky Printers, desks,

Difficult to grasp Large box

Unstable/unpredictable or with contents likely to shift

Laundry, boxes with unsecured items,

Sharp, hot, cold or otherwise potentially damaging

Cooking pans, chainsaws,

Contain hazardous substances Animal parts



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The Load (as a person)

Factor Example

How much help does the person need

Is the person able to perform all the tasks without supervision? If they need help, how much help? Do they need equipment?

Service user/pupil expectations/wishes

Does the person have requests or wishes that will affect the moving and handling? Have these been discussed and considered.

Does the method chosen encourage independence

In the longer term, will the method of assistance encourage the person to be as independent as possible? Is it important to this person to be as independent as possible? Does the handling plan need to be integrated with a therapy plan?

Able to weight bear Can the person stand and do so without the need for support or assistance? Does the person rely on standing to be able to transfer and move within their environment? Does the condition of the person’s feet affect weight bearing ability?

Pain/Medication Is the person in pain? Does the person need referral to their GP or a pain specialist? Does the person take any medication that affects their mobility? Does timing of drug administration need to be changed to ensure best effects occur during moving and handling tasks?

Tissue viability/infection Does the person need any special considerations related to their skin or need disposable equipment because of infection?

Ability to communicate with others

Can the person explain their situation and follow requests? Does the person understand English?

Predictability Is the person always the same or do they display variable or challenging behaviours? Do they easily tire or have difficulty maintaining sustained effort?

Is the person a child or vulnerable adult

Does the person have a personal history which make them more vulnerable?

Behaviour Is the person likely to be anxious, passive, show inappropriate responses or be violent or aggressive? Are there triggers to the behaviour?

Cultural Issues Possible differing expectations regarding gender of carers, authority & acceptance, methods of managing personal hygiene.

Physical Abilities Has the person a disability or health problem that affects how much they can help? Is this an intermittent condition? e.g. epilepsy. Does the person have any problems with muscle tone, spasm or stiffness? Can the person balance themselves in lying, sitting and standing? Do they have any muscle weakness?

Comfort Is the method used comfortable and not causing difficulties e.g. skin damage, undue stress on a part of the body?

Body Shape Does the person need specialist equipment because of their body shape such as individually made hoist slings or postural equipment?

Height and Weight of the person How tall and heavy is the person? Can equipment support the combined weight of the person being assisted and employee(s)?

Falls Does the person have a history of falls – should a falls assessment tool be completed?



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The Environment

Factor Example

Space constraints on posture Due to: storage difficulties, design of equipment, layout of furniture in a persons home, working in a confined space

Uneven, slippery or unstable floors

Are there steps, thresholds or edges that make the moving and handling more difficult? Does the surface make pushing equipment over it difficult? Is there ice or fluid on the floor?

Variations in levels of floor Are employees required to work on different levels or negotiate steps?

Extremes of temperature or humidity

Carrying out manual handling tasks in warm environments e.g. boiler rooms, kitchens

Poor lighting Can employees see sufficiently to get the job done?

Indoors/outdoors Are there variable gradients, distances involved. Weather conditions to consider or assisting a person in public places?

Other Factors

Factor Example

Does clothing affect the task Are employees wearing suitable clothing? Does personal protective equipment affect the task e.g. gloves, overshoes etc

Is team handling involved Does everyone involved know how the task is to be carried out?

Are there other legal factors that need to be considered

Does the moving and handling task infringe the person’s human rights or could be considered discriminatory?

Communication All relevant parties are being effectively communicated with during the manual handling activity, this should include the service user/pupil. Different methods of communication maybe necessary for some individuals and everyone’s needs need to be considered.

Equipment Can lifting aids be used easily in the space provided? Has the equipment been checked as part of a maintenance programme and does it comply with equipment regulations? Are there systems in place to obtain specialist equipment that may only be used on an occasional basis?



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Audience: Trustees Staff Students Local Academy Council Parents General Public

2.2. Completing detailed manual handling risk assessments

The HSE has developed guidelines to identify when manual handling situations require a more detailed manual handling risk assessment. In all cases, if the activity has weights outside the guidelines then a more detailed manual handling assessment is required. The guidelines are most likely to be useful for confirming a more detailed assessment is not required, for example if you think the activity to be assessed is low risk, the guidelines should quickly and easily confirm this. If the operation is within the guidelines, a further assessment is usually unnecessary unless there are any individual employees at significant risk such as new or expectant mothers, a young person, an individual with significant health problems or an existing manual handling injury. The guidelines are less likely to be useful if the activities are complex and in this case it may be more appropriate to go directly to a detailed risk assessment. The Manual Handling Risk Assessment Record and guidance has been developed with reference to the HSE’s Guidance on the Manual Handling Operations Regulations and the HSE ‘Manual Handling Assessment Charts’ (MAC Tool). The tool and further information about the MAC can be found using the following link: http://www.hse.gov.uk/msd/mac/index.htm 2.3 Determining the risk level of manual handling risk assessment

With regard to the manual handling activities for your academy: 1. Observe the activity, 2. Note the weight of the object being moved and 3. Compare it to the appropriate diagram.

This guidance should be used in conjunction with manual handling risk assessment. When completing the risk assessment, you will allocate the manual handling operation a risk level. These risks levels are colour coded to make the process simpler: -

Green - Low Level of Risk (adequately controlled). The vulnerability of special risk groups (e.g. pregnant employees, young workers etc.) should be considered

Amber - Medium Level of Risk (further controls required) Examine the task carefully

Red - High Level of Risk (Prompt action needed) This may expose a significant proportion of working population to risk of injury.

Purple - Very High Level of Risk Such operations may present serious risk of injury and should come under close scrutiny. Particularly when entire weight of load is supported by one person.

http://www.hse.gov.uk/msd/mac/index.htm



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3. HSE Guidelines (Manual Handling of inanimate objects)

3.1 Lifting and lowering

Each box in the diagram is a guideline maximum weight for lifting and lowering in that zone. The diagram enables the assessor to take into account the vertical and horizontal position of the hands as they move the load. The guidance regarding weights which can be lifted is based on loads which are easy to grasp and hold in a good working environment. They will provide a reasonable level of protection to around 95% of working people, but these should not be regarded as safe weight limits for lifting. Even weights within these guidelines should be avoided or made less demanding wherever possible.

The guideline maximum weights are less if handling with arms extended or at high or low levels, as that is where injuries are most likely. For example: The guidelines show 95% of women will be able to safely lift an object weighing 16kg from a shelf at waist height and move it to another shelf at waist height, as long as the load is kept within close reach. If the lifter’s hands pass between zones then the lowest weight must be taken, so if she has to lift the load from the floor to waist height and the load weighs more than 7 kg, a detailed risk assessment is required. The basic guidelines for lifting and lowering are for relatively infrequent operations (up to 30 operations per hour or one lift every two minutes). If this frequency is exceeded, a detailed risk assessment is required. It is preferable to modify the activity so it is within the guidelines, rather than having to complete a detailed risk assessment. Repetitive twisting or stooping is a factor that may require a more detailed assessment.



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3.2 Twisting

Twisting should be avoided wherever possible by moving the feet. If twisting cannot be avoided then the guideline weights should be reduced as shown below: How far does the handler twist?

How far does the handler twist (from the front)?

Reduce guideline limits by:

45º 10%

90º 20%

3.3 Carrying

The guidelines for lifting and lowering also apply to carrying operations where the load is held against the body and carried no further than 10m without resting. A detailed assessment is required if the load is carried further than 10m without resting or if the hands are below knuckle height or above elbow height. 3.4 Handling while seated

Seated workers face particular risks when handling because they cannot use their stronger leg muscles to lift the load. The weight limits are much smaller and the object should be held closer to the body. Where employees are seated a detailed risk assessment may be required.



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3.5 Pushing and pulling

For pushing and pulling (where it necessary to slide, roll or support a load on wheels) the guideline figures assume the force is applied with the hands between knuckle and shoulder height. It is also assumed that the distance involved is no more than 20 metres. If these assumptions are not met, a detailed risk assessment is automatically required. Men Women

Guideline figure for stopping or starting a load

20 kg on a trolley this equates to around 200 Newton’s*


Guideline figure for keeping the load in motion



(* A Newton is defined as the amount of force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one metre per second squared) In order to give an indication of how to calculate the above, the amount of force needed to move a load over a flat, level surface using a well-maintained handling aid is at least 2% of the load weight. For example if the load weighs 400kg then the force needed to move the load is 8kg. On an uneven surface the force needed to start moving could increase to 10% of the load weight. 3.6 Load weight / frequency graph for lifting

This graph will identify the colour band in relation to weight and frequency of lifting. Note the weight of the load and the frequency of the lifting operation. Read off the risk banding on the graph below and enter the colour onto the assessment form. Please note: High frequency handling of light weights will fall within the green zone, but may be associated with upper limb problems and so may need further control measures. Source: HSE Leaflet, Manual Handling Assessment Charts



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3.7 Hand distance from lower back when carrying Watch the task and note the horizontal distance between the employee’s hands and their lower back. Always assess the worst case scenario, and use the following to guide your assessment:

Source: HSE Leaflet, Manual Handling Assessment Charts 3.8 Postural constraints

Consider postural constraints when completing assessment. If the movements of the employee are unhindered, the risks are low. If they adopt restricted postures during the lift because of the space available (for example, a narrow gap between the load and shelf or a high workstation), then this indicates increased risk levels. If the posture is severely restricted, (for example, work in confined spaces) then the risks will be high. 3.9 Asymmetrical trunk/load The employee’s posture and the stability of the load are risk factors associated with musculoskeletal injury. The following illustrations should guide your assessment.



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Source: HSE Leaflet, Manual Handling Assessment Charts 3.10 Environmental factors Environmental factors can impact on the management of manual handling risks, and should be considered in the manual handling assessment process. Environmental factors may include, poor or extreme lighting conditions (dark, bright or poor contrast), extreme temperatures or strong air movement. 3.11 Personal protective equipment (PPE)

The manual handling risk assessment should consider if the task requires the use of PPE to control a risk. PPE must provide sufficient protection from hazards but should not hinder the manual handling process. PPE covers a wide range of items relevant to manual handling, including overalls, gloves, safety shoes and hard hats. Overalls or uniforms must not restrict movement or prevent people using the correct manual handling techniques. For example, skirts or long overalls over trousers may restrict leg movement. If this is the case a more suitable uniform should be provided. Gloves may affect dexterity and the ability to grip a load, depending on their type and thickness. Always ensure the correct type of gloves are used to provide protection but also give as much dexterity as possible. Safety shoes with steel toe caps are necessary for some types of manual handling tasks, in order to prevent injury if a load is dropped or a trolley is wheeled over a foot. Safety shoes must provide a good grip. 3.12 Team handling: load weights

Team handling may make a lift possible where it would be beyond the capability of a single person, but may introduce additional issues which the assessment should consider. During the lift, the proportion of the load that is borne by each team member will to vary to some extent, especially over sloping or uneven ground. As a result the load a team can handle safely is less than the sum of the loads individuals could lift alone. As an approximate guide, a two-person team can lift 2/3 of the sum of their individual capabilities. E.g. Two men could separately lift 25kg each if it was moved, for example, from a shelf at waist height to a table at waist height. Together they could lift a single object weighing 2/3 x 50kg = 33.3kg from waist height to waist height. A three-person team guideline figure is half the sum of their individual capabilities, e.g. three men could lift a 1/2 x 75kg = 37.5 kg load from waist height to waist height. 3.12.1 Team handling: communication, co-ordination and control



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Communication is essential when lifting as part of a team. Good communication may include counting 'one, two, three, lift' prior to the lift and again when putting the item down. The team should have control of the load, lift smoothly and all members should lift and lower together. Ideally, members of the team should be of a similar height to ensure a smooth, even lift. An uncoordinated team lift may leave one member of the team bearing the entire weight. More detailed information on team manual handling can be found on the Health and Safety Executive website via their Manual Handling Assessment Chart Tool (external site). 4. Handling Aids Mechanical handling aids can reduce the risk of injury when used correctly. Even simple aids such as trolleys, sack trucks and wheelbarrows can be used to move items and reduce the likelihood of injury. When using a handling aid It is better to push rather than pull, and to use body weight and leg muscles to do the work. Make sure the load is kept under control, particularly on slopes. In some cases more sophisticated manual handling aids may be required. Handling aids may eliminate many of the manual handling risks, but their use may introduce other hazards and these must be risk assessed. Regulations require that some manual handling aids require a periodic statutory inspection on safety critical components. For further information see the Management Arrangements on Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment (LOLER).

5. Guidance for Good Handling Techniques for Lifting

http://www.hse.gov.uk/msd/mac/index.htm



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Think before lifting/handling. Plan the lift. Can handling aids be used? Where is the load going to be placed? Will help be needed with the load? Remove obstructions such as discarded wrapping materials. For a long lift, consider resting the load midway on a table or bench to change grip. Keep the load close to the waist. Keep the load close to the body for as long as possible while lifting. Keep the heaviest side of the load next to the body. If a close approach to the load is not possible, try to slide it towards the body before attempting to lift it. Adopt a stable position. The feet should be apart with one leg slightly forward to maintain balance (alongside the load, if it is on the ground). The worker should be prepared to move their feet during the lift to maintain their stability. Avoid tight clothing or unsuitable footwear, which may make this difficult. Start in a good posture. At the start of the lift, slight bending of the back, hips and knees is preferable to fully flexing the back (stooping) or fully flexing the hips and knees (squatting)



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6. People Moving (Children, Young People and Adults)

All the guidance for load handling equally applies in people moving activities. The fact that the load is a person presents additional issues which must be considered during a moving and handling operation. The person being moved will have opinions and emotions regarding the activity and must be completely involved in the process at a level appropriate to them as an individual. This section provides guidance on some of the issues that needs to be managed when assessing people moving activities. Manual Handling Trainers are provided with skills and knowledge regarding the safe back care principles to allow them to advise and support managers in the development of safe working methods and techniques that will meet the individual’s needs. A technique that works well and safely for one individual does not necessarily work appropriately for another. Trainers are given techniques and skills they can adapt which are based on current best practice guidance. Techniques that are not recommended and the reasons why they should be avoided are also clearly explained within training. Managers are recommended to have a copy of the 6th Edition “Guide to the Handling of People” available in their workplace if moving people is a frequent activity as this document gives excellent advice and support.



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6.1 The Individual

It is important to ensure that information about the individual’s mobility, health considerations, cultural/beliefs and other information that is used in the development of a handling plan is available and accurate. Whenever possible the individual should be involved in the risk assessment process, along with parents, family, carers and any other relevant parties. This information should form part of the risk assessment process, as it will support the development of effective handling plans. Examples of issues that should be considered and maybe a constraint on handling are detailed below.

1. Postural stability:

Head control

Trunk control

Ability to sit

2. Control of voluntary movement:

Hand grip

Muscle spasm

Flaccid limbs

Involuntary movement /epilepsy

Startle

Effects of medication

3. Restriction of movement

Joint contracture

Fixed deformity

Dislocation

Pain

4. Fragility

Fragile bones

Generalised weakness

Delicate skin

5. Hearing

Capable of hearing instructions?

Is there a hearing aid/is it working?

6. Sight

Any/level of visual impairment

Glasses available

How well can they see where they are going

7. Comprehension / communication

Ability to understand instructions

Can they be understood

Dementia

Use a communication device/is it present/working

8. Experience of movement

Ever walked, climbed stairs?

Movement frightening or disorienting?

Experience of falling?

9. Any attachments Presence of splints, plasters, prosthesis, catheter

10. Willingness/ability to assist

Aggressive/unpredictable/challenging behaviour

To what extent can they help during manoeuvre

Current level of posture and movement

Unfamiliar surroundings/people

Individual ill/tired

Receiving medication which may affect balance/handling

A Movement and Handling Plan should be developed for individuals that require moving and handling. It is essential that throughout a moving or handling activity that communication with the individual is undertaken and their dignity maintained. This information should be reviewed regularly and especially when there are either positive or negative changes in an individual’s mobility/health etc.



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Wheelchairs are primarily a form of transportation and some service users and young people may f ind that their prolonged use (particularly shaped chair moulds) uncomfortable. Where possible and desired by the individual, opportunities should be provided to move from the wheelchair and change body position to promote comfort. 6.2 Managing expectations Some risk assessments will result the need for equipment adaptations or adjustments to reduce handling risks to employees and/or the service user. It is more likely that any changes will be acceptable to the service user and their family if they have been fully involved in the assessment process and understand the purpose for which it has been carried out. Even when there has been involvement in the risk assessment, a minority of people will be reluctant to change. In instances where there is a disagreement a balanced approach is needed to ensure that:

Employees are not required to perform tasks that put themselves and service users at risk unreasonably;

Service users’ wishes on mobility assistance are respected wherever possible; and

Service users’ independence and autonomy is supported as fully as possible.

It is not acceptable that unsafe work practices that pose immediate risk of injury to employees are allowed to continue unaddressed. Where agreement cannot be reached it is recommended that a formal meeting with the service user, their family and relevant manager/professionals be held. At the meeting the results of the risk assessment and the consequences not controlling the risks should be discussed and a solution identified. Failure to resolve the issue at that stage may require other approaches and options to be tried with limitation of service being the final option in a hierarchy of approach.

6.3 Safe Handling of Children and Young People

The thoughts, feelings and concerns of a young person must be considered. They must be completely involved in any risk assessment or planning process at a level appropriate to them. Respect and dignity must be maintained at all times. How this is achieved will vary with each child and young person, but communication throughout is essential. Correct moving and handling procedures are an essential part of the holistic learning process that aims to meet the principle to “help children achieve more”. The structured and planned implementation of moving and handling strategies is also integral to ensuring the well being and safety of all children and young people. Issues associated with moving children and young people

Employees should consider the individual child/young person, their level of comprehension and sensory impairment when planning moving and handling procedures. Children and young people:

Should be warned that they are about to be moved.

May object to being moved.

May have behaviour that is unpredictable.

May become agitated.

May move unexpectedly going into spasm.

May shift their centre of gravity.

May have attachments or medical conditions that require special consideration so information must be sought from parents and/or health professionals.

6.4 Safe Handling of Extremely Heavy Service Users



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This refers to the manual handling of extremely heavy individuals who weigh in excess of 25 stone (158kg). Extremely heavy and clinically obese (Bariatric) people can present a number of additional challenges and risks where manual handling is concerned. All people requiring assistance to move should have a manual handling risk assessment and individual handling plan completed and where appropriate this should include obtaining a measurement of the person’s weight. Any equipment used to move extremely heavy people must be assessed for its suitability/appropriateness. The following should be considered:

Safe working load

Adequate internal proportions (width and depth) to accommodate the person.

Suitable height.

Whether the equipment is power assisted.

Consideration must be given to the need for obtaining specialist equipment. Specialist advice on suitable equipment may need to be sought from Occupational Therapist/ Health Professional.

6.5 Rehabilitation Handling of Service Users

Managers will need to be aware of the difference between care handling and rehabilitation handling. Care handling is where manual handling needs to be avoided and mechanical equipment such as hoists are used for service users who are non-weight bearing or unable to transfer safely. Rehabilitation handling is where handling is performed as an integral part of a therapeutic intervention and risk must be reduced in other ways. Specialist equipment including the use of standing and transferring aids and the provision of more employees may be required so that service users can achieve the optimum level of independence and mobility. Several agencies (physiotherapists, occupational therapists etc.) will be involved and managers should ensure that rehabilitation programmes minimise the risk to employees and carers. Adequate staffing levels and sufficient equipment must be provided along with specific risk assessments and training. 6.6 Management of the Fallen Person

Where employees encounter a fallen person the following action is recommended:

Assess the person for injuries

If the person is un-injured protocol A should be followed

If the person is injured or has a suspected injury follow protocol B. Protocol A – Uninjured Person Where possible the person should be encouraged to move themselves, provided this can be done safely. Employees may give assistance but must avoid lifting or taking the persons full weight. If the person is unable to get up they should be left where they are and made comfortable. If available, mechanical aids such as hoists should be used. If there is no equipment or there are insufficient employees to use the available equipment safely the ambulance service should be contacted for assistance. The ambulance control centre will need information about the name, address, height, weight and any other relevant medical condition of the fallen person. Protocol B – Injured Person



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The person should be left in the position found and not moved;

Make the person comfortable and give reassurance. Keep the person warm if necessary.

Contact the ambulance service immediately by ringing 999;

Stay with the person and give reassurance until the ambulance service arrive;

CPR and other first-aid procedures should be started as necessary provided employees have the appropriate skills and training.

The ambulance service will move the person in the most appropriate way once they have arrived and assessed the situation.

6.7 People Who Fall Frequently

If falls become a regular occurrence the person should be referred to their GP for a full review, other agencies e.g. physiotherapist, occupational therapist should be involved as necessary. In situations where it is foreseeable that the person may fall again, a written individual handling plan must be produced. The plan should include details on what action is to be taken by employees and details of any equipment used. All necessary equipment must be available. Assistive technology may present management solutions to reduce identified risks. 7. Training

It is essential that those involved in manual handling activities have received suitable training which is refreshed as required in training guidelines. Training for employees in people and inanimate object manual handling is available. A Manual Handling Trainer programme is available and managers can select individuals to become trainers in their work are. Access to bespoke manual handling training for employees is available from the Health Safety and Wellbeing Service. Records of training must be kept in accordance with the Compliant Records Management Policy. Managers must retain training records of employees.



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Appendix 2 - Manual Handling Risk Assessments Quick Reference Flow Chart

Load Handling - Procedure Guidance Information

Identify activities that require specific

manual handling risk assessment

Where there is a significant risk of

injury identified a detailed manual

handling risk assessment must be

carried out.

HSE MAC Tool can assist managers

Carry out specific Risk Assessment

using HSF 25 Manual Handling Risk

Assessment Record

Remember to consider:-

Task


Load

Environment

Other Factors

Where personal health issues are

evident contact Occupational Health

Unit for advice

Staff to inform line manager of any

health issues e.g. back pain, muscle

strains, pregnancy etc. Occupational

Health will provide advice to minimise

risks

e.g.

Eliminate need

Introduce mechanical aids



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Identify and implement control

measures.

Avoid

Manage

Reduce the risks

If unable to sufficiently reduce level of

risk seek advice.

Communicate findings and actions

Monitor and review controls to ensure

they remain effective



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Moving People- Procedure Guidance Information

Assess individuals moving and

handling needs and personal risk

factors

This should be completed on referral

to service (or as soon as possible) and

documented in the individual care

plan.

Where needs are identified carry out

HSF 24 Manual Handling Risk

Assessment and Handling Plan

Ensure all parties with knowledge are

involved:-

Individual themselves

Parent/Carer/Family

Social Worker/ OT

Other Agencies

Personal Assistant

Detail the tasks required and most

efficient working practices to move or

transport the individual

Seek advice from local manual

handling trainers, OT’s etc. Refer to

6th

Edition Guide to Handling of

People

If required seek advice and support to

reduce level of risks, in equipment

selection and training

Specialist advice is available; refer to

policy for full details. Health, Safety

& Wellbeing Service offer advice and

guidance on complex issues and have

access to specialists.

Consider the individual capabilities of

staff involved in the handling tasks

Communicate assessment and

handling plan to all relevant parties

Monitor and review controls to ensure

they remain effective and when

individuals health/mobility changes

If personal health issues are evident

contact Occupational Health Unit for

advice. Staff to inform managers of

health issues e.g. back pain, muscle

strains, pregnancy etc.

Assessments must be communicated to

all relevant staff/other parties involved

in individuals care. Individuals should

sign acknowledgement they

understand assessment.

Positive and negative changes should

trigger a review. Any changes to

methods/techniques need to be

documented in assessment/handling

plan and communicated to staff/other

parties.



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Appendix 3 – Manual Handling Risk Assessment Record

MANUAL HANDLING RISK ASSESSMENT RECORD

Academy Name: Assessor(s):

1. Manual Handling Activity/Task

Description of Manual Handling Work Activity: (if necessary, include a diagram)

Those at risk e.g. employees, service users/pupils, public and others:

2. Avoidance of Manual Handling

Can the Manual Handling task be avoided: Yes/No (e.g. task redesigned or mechanised) If Yes, state what action has been taken:

If manual handling has been avoided, the assessment need go no further and the form should be signed and dated and reviewed if circumstances change significantly. If No, continue completing the form.



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3. Preliminary Evaluation Are there any factors outside the limits of the guidelines (see attached): Yes/No If Yes, describe the factors outside the guidelines: Has the Manual Handling Assessment Charts (MAC) tool been used*: Yes/No If Yes, Which elements of the task require attention: Which tasks need the most urgent attention:

*The MAC tool is designed by the HSE to help assess the most common risk factors in lifting, carrying and

team handling operations and identify high risk manual handling tasks.

DETAILED RISK ASSESSMENT

4. The Tasks

Question If yes, tick level of risk

Detail of Problems Occurring

Low Med High

Does the task involve: -

Holding loads away from the body

Twisting

Bending or Stooping (i.e. leaning forward or down where the hands pass below mid-thigh height)

Reaching upwards

Large vertical movements (i.e. from below knee or above shoulder).

Long carrying distances (i.e. greater than 10 metres)

Strenuous pushing or pulling (i.e. 25kg starting or stopping force, 10kg motion force)



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High initial effort

Repetitive handling

Insufficient rest or recovery periods

A rate of work imposed by a process or frequent prolonged effort

other (list below)

Possible remedial changes to be made to system/task or communication that is needed:

5. The Load



Low Med High

Is the load:-

Heavy - (state weight)

Bulky or unwieldy (i.e. more than 75cm in two dimensions)

Difficult to grasp

Unstable/unpredictable e.g. contents likely to shift, animal

Sharp, hot, cold or otherwise



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potentially damaging

Contain hazardous substances

Heavy at one end

Other (list below) Possible remedial changes to be made to load or communication that is needed:

6. The Working Environment



Low Med High

Is/does the environment:-

Make it difficult to adopt good posture

Have uneven, slippery or unstable floors (i.e. icy, wet, rough, unstable, moving)

Have varying floor levels

Have steps/stairs

Have obstructions

Hot, cold or humid

Windy

Poorly lit

Other (list below)

Possible remedial changes to be made to workplace/space, environment or communication

that is needed:



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7. Individual Capability



Low Med High

Is/ does the individual:-

Require unusual Strength

Have a health problem.

Pregnant.

A young person

Need particular information or training

Other (list below)

Possible remedial action or communication that is needed:

8. Other Factors



Low Med High



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Does restrictive clothing make lifting hazardous?

Does requirement for personal protective equipment make lifting hazardous?

Is team handling required?

Other (list below)

Possible remedial action or communication that is needed:

9. Existing Control Measures

List current risk control measures:

10. Risk Rating With the current control measures in place is the risk (circle):



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Very High

Unacceptable

High

Urgent controls required

Medium

Further Controls required

Low

Adequately controlled

11. Further control measures required

List further action needed to adequately control risks in order of priority:

Indicate time scale for taking action:

If any of the remedial actions are not to be taken, what are the reasons:



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12. Risk Rating – with additional controls in place With the current control measures in place is the risk (circle):

Very High

Unacceptable

High

Urgent controls required

Medium

Further Controls required

Low

Adequately controlled

Name/Date Name/date Name/date Name/Date

Signature of Assessor

Signature of Line Manager

Date Assessed

Review Date

Communication Method

Communication of Manual Handling Assessment and the Safe System of Work

Signature Print Name Date De

Appendix 4 - Manual Handling Risk Assessment and Handling Plan

MANUAL HANDLING RISK ASSESSMENT & HANDLING PLAN (People Moving)

Designation



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This form must be completed for all Service Users/Pupils who require moving and handling.

Name of Service User/Pupil Date:

Address of Service User/Pupil ID No:

BODY BUILD MOBILITY LEVEL RISK OF FALLING Above Average

Tall Able to weight bear & self mobilise High

Average Medium Able to weight bear & mobilise with equipment

Medium

Below Average Short Weight bears but unstable Low

Weight If Known Unable to weight bear & mobilise without assistance

Detail procedure from floor on the Handling Plan if high/medium risk is identified



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Understanding & Communication e.g.

Co-operative

Unable to co-operate

Confused/forgetful

Aggressive/unpredictable/challenging behaviour

No verbal communication

Mobility Aids Used e.g. Zimmer Frame

Wheelchair

Walking Stick

Mobility Scooter Walking Trolley

Other Medical Risks e.g.

Medication

Pain and stiffness

Sensory/perceptual loss

Dementia

Stroke

Environmental Risks e.g.

Inadequate lighting

Inappropriate floor surface

Space/access difficulties

Unsuitable transfer heights

Steps, stairs, ramps

Manual Handling Tasks Required e.g.

Assisted walking.

Assistance onto transport

Personal Care needs

Can any of the manual handling tasks be avoided? YES/NO (if yes identify which tasks)

Can any of the manual handling tasks be mechanised? YES/NO (if yes identify which tasks)



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Equipment to be used e.g.

Hoist - type

Toileting Sling – type and size

Handling Sling – type and size

Are the appropriate manual handling aids/equipment available Yes/No

Are the relevant staff trained in the appropriate manual handling techniques and equipment to be used for this Service User Yes/No

Remaining Problems

Outcome/Action Taken in Relation to Remaining Problems



Signature of Service User

Signature of Parent/Carer

Date Assessed

Review Date

Communication Method

Communication of Manual Handling Assessment and the Safe System of Work

Signature Print Name Date Designation



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PEOPLE HANDLING PLAN This section of the form is to be completed to detail handling tasks. The Handling Plan needs to incorporate specific techniques, equipment to be used, how many staff are required, any specific needs of the service user and environmental issues that may need to be considered.

Name of Service User

Address of Service User

Date:

Handling Constraints e.g. Individual Factors – Medication, medical condition, disability etc Understanding and Communication – Level of co-operation, communication method etc Environmental Factors –

Stairs, space restrictions, floor surface etc.

Service User/Family Wishes and Opinions

Task Method Used Technique/Equipment etc.

Level of Assistance Verbal Prompt, Staffing Ratio

etc



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TASK METHOD USED

Technique/Equipment etc.

Level of Assistance Verbal Prompt, Staffing

Ratio etc

TASK METHOD USED


Level of Assistance

Verbal Prompt, Staffing Ratio etc

TASK METHOD USED


Level of Assistance Verbal Prompt, Staffing

Ratio etc

FALLS – Transfer from Floor Level METHOD USED


Level of Assistance

Verbal Prompt, Staffing Ratio etc



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Remaining Problems

Short Term

Long term

Details of other professionals involved in this assessment:

Name Designation Signature Date



Signature of Service User

Signature of Parent/Carer

Date of Assessment

Review date

Communication Date

manual handling policy · review if the circumstances change. it is not practicable to completely...

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