manufacture of plastic films, hdpe and thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Manufacture of Plastic Films,
HDPE and Thermoset Plastics
(Bopp Films, Polyester Films, Polyolefins,
Polypropylene, Vinyls, Polyvinyl Acetate, Expanded
Films, Vinyl Ester Resins, Unsaturated Polyesters,
Thermoset Polyurethanes, Polyurethane Coatings,
Lamination, Thermoforming, Thermoplastic Polymers)
![Page 2: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Introduction
Plastic film is a thin continuous polymeric material.
Thicker plastic material is often called a “sheet”. These
thin plastic membranes are used to separate areas or
volumes, to hold items, to act as barriers, or as printable
surfaces.
Plastic films are used in a wide variety of applications.
These include: packaging, plastic bags, labels, building
construction, landscaping, electrical fabrication,
photographic film, film stock for movies, video tape, etc.
![Page 3: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-
density (PEHD) is a polyethylene thermoplastic made
from petroleum. It is sometimes called "alkathene" or
"polythene" when used for pipes. With a high strength-
to-density ratio, HDPE is used in the production of
plastic bottles, corrosion-resistant piping,
geomembranes, and plastic lumber.
![Page 4: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Thermoset, or thermosetting plastics are synthetic
materials that strengthen during being heated, but cannot
be successfully remolded or reheated after their initial heat
forming. This is in contrast to thermoplastics, which soften
when heated and harden and strengthen after cooling.
Thermoplastics can be heated, shaped and cooled as often
as necessary without causing a chemical change, while
thermosetting plastics will burn when heated after the
initial molding.
![Page 5: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Additionally, thermoplastics tend to be easier to mold
than thermosetting plastics, which also take a longer time
to produce (due to the time it takes to cure the heated
material).
Some of the astonishing fundamentals of the book are
salient features of contemporary, technology and current
research, three basic processes: advances, modern
polyethylene, processes using high yield catalysts,
solution polymerization processes, polyolefins, low density
polyethylene, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC),
![Page 6: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl acetate,
polyvinyl alcohol, physical and chemical properties,
manufacturing methods, extrusion of film, slit die
extrusion (flat film extrusion), comparison of blow and
cast film processes, water cooled polypropylene film,
calendaring, solvent, casting, casting of regenerated
cellulose film, orientation of film, expanded films, plastics
net from film,
![Page 7: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins, thermoset
polyurethanes, guidelines and theories in compounding
polyurethane elastomers, compounding for thermoset
polyurethane elastomers, cellulose and cellulose
derivatives, thermoplastic polymers etc.
![Page 8: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Market Outlook
the Global Plastic Films and Sheets Packaging Market is
valued at $92.4 billion in 2015 and is expected to reach
$139.2 billion by 2022 growing at a CAGR of 6% from
2015 to 2022. Rising demand for bi-axially oriented films
and increased demand for bio plastic materials are the
key drivers of the market.
![Page 9: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Total export of plastic and plastic products from India
stood at US$ 449.72 million in 2015. The Indian plastic
comprises of more than 2,000 exporters.
The India plastic industry has grown by 13% annually in
the last five years and a similar growth rate is expected
to continue in 2016-17.
![Page 10: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
The size of industry is expected to reach Rs. 1.7 lakh
crore from Rs. 1.20 lakh crore last year.
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Market size was
valued at approximately USD 60 billion in 2015 with
gains of over 4% CAGR between 2016 and 2024.
![Page 12: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
US demand for plastic film is expected to grow 1.9% pa to
16 billion in 2016, with a market value of US$19 billion.
The major trend driving the thermosetting plastics
market is the growing demand for Developing countries
like India, China and Brazil, and is reflected in growing
production of thermosetting plastics: in 2015 production
of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million
tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is
currently estimated to be 34.99 million tonnes in 2015
and is expected to reach 41.96 million tonnes by 2020
showing a compound annual growth rate of 3.7%.
![Page 13: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1
BOPP FILMS
Background
Structural Development of Plastics in India
History of films
Film Properties
Applications of Films
Process of Manufacture
![Page 14: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Tenter Process
Comparison of the processes
Polyester Films
Raw materials
Capital equipment
General
![Page 15: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 2
SALIENT FEATURES OF
CONTEMPORARY TECHNOLOGY AND
CURRENT RESEARCH
• Introduction
• Three basic processes: Advances
• Modern polyethylene processes using high yield
catalysts
• Solution polymerization processes
![Page 16: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
• Slurry processes
• Gas phase processes
• Processing
• Comparative evaluation of contemporary technology
• Process selection based on capability
• Latest development
![Page 17: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 3
POLYOLEFINS
• Low density polyethylene
• Properties
• Uses 120
• Irradiated Polyethylene
• High density polyethylene
• Properties
• Uses 123
![Page 18: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
• Polypropylene
• Properties
• Poly (Methyl pentene) (TPX)
• Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA)
• Properties
• Poly (BUTENE-1)
• Properties
• Uses 129
• Melt flow index (MFI)
![Page 19: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 4
VINYLS
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
• Properties
• Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC)
• Vinyl chloride/Vinyl acetate copolymers
• Polyvinyl acetate
• Polyvinyl alcohol
![Page 20: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 5
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES•
Tensile and yield strength elongation and young's
modulus
Test Methods
Burst strength
Impact strength
Impact Fatigue
Tear strength
Puncture penetration test
Stiffness
Flex resistance
Coefficient of friction
Blocking
![Page 21: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 6
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
• Optical properties
• Light transmission
• 'See-Through' Clarity
• Haze
• Gloss
• Permeability
• Water vapour premeability
• Gas Permeability
![Page 22: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
• Odour Premeability
• Density
• Heat sealabiliy
• Dimensional stability
• Water absorption
• Effect of chemicals
• Effect of Light
• Effect of Temperature
• High Temperature
• Low Temperature
• Flammability
![Page 23: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 7
MANUFACTURING METHODS
• Extrusion of Film
• Slit Die Extrusion (Flat Film Extrusion)
• Comparison of Blow and Cast Film Processes
• Water Cooled Polypropylene Film
• Calendering
• Solvent Casting
• Casting of regenerated cellulose film
• Orientation of film
• Expanded films
• Plastics Net From Film
![Page 24: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 8
HEALTH SAFETY OF PLASTICS FILMS
• Overall system
• Base Lines for Evaluation
• Food Spoilage
• Toxicity and Adulteration
• Interactions
• Safety evaluation Mass transfer
• Law
• Licensing Type Systems
• International trade
• Individual countries
• United Kingdom
• USA
![Page 25: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 9
ODOUR AND TAINT IN PLASTICS FILMS
• Intrroduction to organolepsis and tainting
• Causes of tainting
• Loss of Volatile Material From Food to Environment
• Diffusion of Volatilies, additives, and Volatile
Residual Reactants from Plastics to Food
• Vapour From Environment t to Food
• Micro-organisms to Food
![Page 26: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
• Marco-Organisms to Food
• Radiation from Environment to Food Stuff
• Assessment
• Samples
• Food
• Tests Methodology
• Remedies
• Masking and Counteraction
• Conclusions
![Page 27: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 10
SEALING OF FILMS
•
Mechanical methods
Heat sealing
Sealing of oriented film
High frequency heating
Ultrasonic sealing
Adhesives
Choice of method
![Page 28: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 11
PRINTING ON PASTICS FILMS
• Pre treatment
• Solvent treatment
• Chemical treatments
• Flame treatment
• Electrical treatment
• Tests for efficiency of pre- treatment
• Method of Printing
• Screen printing
![Page 29: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
• Letterpress
• Flexographic printing
• Photogravure printing
• Hot stamping
• Electrostatic printing
• Printing inks
• Vaccum metallisation
![Page 30: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 12
WRAPPING EQUIPMENT
• Wrapping with thermoplastics films
• Feeding the Wrapping Material
• Forming the pack
• Closing the pack
• Continuous wrapping machines
• Pouch making equipment
• Sachet making machines
• Vaccum and gas packaging
• Shrink wrapping
![Page 31: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
• Scope of Process
• Types of Shrink Wrap
• Shrink wrapping equipment
• Tray Erection
• Film Wrapping and Sealing
• Shrink Tunnels
• Properties of heat shrinkable films
• Shrink Temperature
• Degree of Shrinkage
• Shrink Tension
• Pallet overwrapping
• General advantages and problems
![Page 32: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 13
UNSATURATED POLYESTER AND VINYL
ESTER RESINS•
Unsaturated polyesters
Vinyl ester resins
Compounding of unsaturated polyester and vinyl
ester resins
Applicable manufacturing processes
Recent Developments
![Page 33: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 14
THERMOSET POLYURETHANES
• Introduction
• Polyurethane Chemistry
• What are Polyurethanes ?
• Polyurethane raw materials and moisture
• Handling of polyurethane components
• Types of polyurethane systems
• Advantages of adduction
• Range and types of polyurethane products
• Polyurethane uses
• Neoprene Lubricant Adhesive #106
![Page 34: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
• Polyurethane Coatings
• Components for Polyurethanes
• Industrial Mathematics for Polyurethanes
• Terminology
• Guidelines and Theories in Compounding
Polyurethane Elastomers
• Compounding for Thermoset Polyurethane
Elastomers
• General consideration
• Appendix
• Method for Preparation of MDI Prepolymers
![Page 35: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 15
CROSSLINKED THERMOPLASTICS
• Crosslinking of thermoplastics
• Effects of Crosslinking on Polymer
• Chemical Crosslinking
• Rotational molding
• Post irradiation effects
• Acrylates
![Page 36: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 16
MISCELLANEOUS
• Nylons (Polyamides)
• Polycarbonate
• Polyethylene terephthalate (Polyester)
• Acrylic multipolymer
• Propylene/vinyl chloride copolymer
• Rubber hydrochloride
• Fluoropolymers
• Polyvinyl Fluoride
• Polyurethane
• Polyimides
![Page 38: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 18
STYRENE POLYMERS AND
COPOLYMERS
• Polystyene
• High impact polystyrene
• Expanded polystyrene
• Styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN)
• Acrylonitrile/Butadiene/Styrene (ABS)
![Page 39: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 19
CELLULOSE AND CELLULOSE
DERIVATIVES
• Regenerated cellulose
• Substituted Celluloses
• Cellulose nitrate (Celluloid)
• Cellulose acetate
• Cellulose Triacetate
• Cellulose acetate/butyrate (CAB)
![Page 40: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 20
THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS
• Polymerization Concepts
• Polymerization Mechanisms
• Methods of Polymerization
![Page 41: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 21
THERMOSET POLYMERS
• Cross linked Polymers
• Thermoset Polyester
• Polyurethane Elastomers
• Polyimides
• Ladder polymers
![Page 42: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 22
PROCESSING AND FABRICATION
• Orientation of molecules and fibers
• Reinforced thermoset processing
• Thermoplastic processing
• Molds
• Mixing equipment
• Adhesive Application
![Page 43: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 23
BAG AND SACK MANUFACTURE
• Nature of the film
• Bags made from tubular film
• Bags made from Flat Film
• Heavy duty sack manufacture
![Page 44: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 24
THERMOFORMING
• Methods of thermoforming
• Vaccum forming
• Skin pachaging
• Pressure forming
• Matched mould forming
• Machine variables
• Heating
• Cooling
• Moulds
![Page 45: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
• Trimming
• Printing
• Materials and applications
• PVC
• Toughened polystyrene
• Biaxially oriented polystyrene
• ABS
• Low density polyethylene
• High density Polyethylene
• Polypropylene
• Cellulose acetate
• Cellulose acetate/butyrate
• Polycarbonate
• Cold forming
![Page 46: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
CHAPTER 25
LAMINATION
• Coating
• Predetermined systems
• Reverse roll coaters
• NIP roll coaters
• Gravure coaters
• Calender coating
• Curtain coating
• Extrusion coating
![Page 47: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
• Adhesive lamination
• Wet bonding
• Dry bonding
• Co-extrusion
• Cross laminated film
![Page 48: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Tags
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Volatiles From Plastic Manufacturing Process, Production of Plastic Films, Plastic
Manufacturing Process, Plastic Extrusion and Manufacturing Process, Plastic
Extrusion Process, Plastic Film Manufacturing, Production Process of Plastic Film,
Plastic Film and Extrusion Equipment, Thermoset Plastic Manufacturing Process,
Plastic Film Manufacture, Production of Plastic Films, Process for Production of
Plastic Films, Plastic Films Production, Plastic Film Manufacturing Business Plan,
Business Plan on Plastic Film Manufacturing, Starting Plastic Film Manufacturing
Business, Profitable Plastic Film Manufacturing Business, Start Small Plastic Film
Manufacturing Business, High Density (HDPE) Production, High Density
Polyethylene Manufacturing Process, Manufacturing Process for HDPE, HDPE/PP
Bags Manufacturing Plant, Thermoset Processing, Plastic Manufacturing Methods,
Thermoplastic Processing Methods, How are Thermosetting Plastics Made, Methods
of Manufacturing Thermoplastic, Thermosetting Plastics, Manufacturing Process of
Thermosetting Plastics, Business Plan on Thermosetting Plastics Manufacturing,
Starting Thermosetting Plastics Manufacturing Business, Thermosetting Plastics
Manufacturing Business, Thermosetting Plastics Manufacturing Business Plan,
How to Start Thermosetting Plastics Manufacturing Industry, Thermoplastic and
Thermoset Processing Methods, BOPP Film Production Line, BOPP Film Production,
Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene Films, Bopp Film Manufacturing Process, Bopp
Film Plant, Biaxially Oriented Film Production, BOPP Film Production Plant,
Extrusion of Film, Water Cooled Polypropylene Film, Plastics Net From Film,
![Page 49: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Tags
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Pouch Making Equipment, Sachet Making Machines, Process for Manufacturing
Unsaturated Polyester Resins, Unsaturated Polyester Resin Manufacturing Process,
Method of Preparation of Unsaturated Polyester Resins, Manufacturing Process of
Unsaturated Polyester Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin Manufacturing Plant,
Method for Preparation of MDI Prepolymers, Styrene Polymers and Copolymers,
Thermoplastic Polymers, Polymerization Methods, Methods of Polymerization,
Crosslinked Polymers, Thermoset Polyester, Polyurethane Elastomers, Polyimides
Ladder Polymers, Reinforced Thermoset Processing, Thermoplastic Processing,
Process of Bag Manufacturing, Bag Manufacturing Process, Production Process of
Bag, Bag Manufacture, Sack Manufacture, Sack Manufacturing Process,
Manufacturing Plant of Sacks, Business Plan on Manufacturing Sacks, Bags Made
from Tubular Film, Bags Made From Flat Film, Heavy Duty Sack Manufacture,
Methods of Thermoforming, Lamination, Curtain Coating, Extrusion Coating,
Adhesive Lamination, Wet Bonding, Dry Bonding, Cross Laminated Film, NPCS, Niir,
Process Technology Books, Business Consultancy, Business Consultant, Project
Identification and Selection, Preparation of Project Profiles, Startup, Business
Guidance, Business Guidance to Clients, Startup Project, Startup Ideas, Project for
Startups, Startup Project Plan, Business Start-Up, Business Plan for Startup
Business, Great Opportunity for Startup, Small Start-Up Business Project, Best
Small and Cottage Scale Industries, Startup India, Stand Up India, Small Scale
Industries, New Small Scale Ideas for BOPP Film Production,
![Page 50: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Tags
www.entrepreneurindia.co
High Density (HDPE) Production Business Ideas You Can Start on Your Own, Small
Scale Plastic Film Manufacturing, Guide to Starting and Operating Small Business,
Business Ideas for Unsaturated Polyester Resin Manufacturing, How to Start
Volatiles from Plastic Manufacturing Business, Starting Adhesive Lamination, Start
Your Own Plastic Film Manufacturing Business, Sack Manufacturing Business
Plan, Business Plan for Bag Production, Small Scale Industries in India, Volatiles
from Plastic Manufacturing Based Small Business Ideas in India, Small Scale
Industry You Can Start on Your Own, Business Plan for Small Scale Industries, Set
Up Sack Manufacturing, Profitable Small Scale Manufacturing, How to Start Small
Business in India, Free Manufacturing Business Plans, Small and Medium Scale
Manufacturing, Profitable Small Business Industries Ideas, Business Ideas for
Startup
![Page 51: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Niir Project Consultancy Services (NPCS) can provide Process Technology Book on
Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE
and Thermoset Plastics(Bopp Films, Polyester Films, Polyolefins, Polypropylene,
Vinyls, Polyvinyl Acetate, Expanded Films, Vinyl Ester Resins,
Unsaturated Polyesters, Thermoset Polyurethanes,
Polyurethane Coatings, Lamination, Thermoforming,Thermoplastic Polymers)
See morehttps://goo.gl/5pMkUl
https://goo.gl/7PxKYGhttps://goo.gl/jw5rJa
![Page 52: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
VISIT US AT
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 53: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Take a look at
Niir Project Consultancy Services
on #Street View
https://goo.gl/VstWkd
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Locate us on
Google Mapshttps://goo.gl/maps/BKkUtq9gevT2
![Page 54: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Our inexhaustible Client list includes public-
sector companies, Corporate Houses,
Government undertaking, individual
entrepreneurs, NRI, Foreign investors, non-profit
organizations and educational institutions from
all parts of the World. The list is just a glimpse of
our esteemed & satisfied Clients.
Click here to take a look
https://goo.gl/G3ICjV
OUR CLIENTS
![Page 55: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Free Instant Online Project Identification & Selection Search Facility
Selection process starts with the generation of a product idea. In
order to select the most promising project, the entrepreneur needs to
generate a few ideas about the possible projects.
Here’s we offer a best and easiest way for every entrepreneur to
searching criteria of projects on our website
www.entrepreneurindia.co that is “Instant Online Project
Identification and Selection”
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 56: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
NPCS Team has simplified the process for you by
providing a "Free Instant Online Project Identification &
Selection" search facility to identify projects based on
multiple search parameters related to project costs
namely: Plant & Machinery Cost, Total Capital Investment,
Cost of the project, Rate of Return% (ROR) and Break Even
Point % (BEP). You can sort the projects on the basis of
mentioned pointers and identify a suitable project
matching your investment requisites.
Click here to go
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/project-identification
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 57: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: [email protected] , [email protected]
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on
#StreetView
https://goo.gl/VstWkd
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 59: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
o One of the leading reliable names in industrial world for
providing the most comprehensive technical consulting services
o We adopt a systematic approach to provide the strong
fundamental support needed for the effective delivery of services
to our Clients’ in India & abroad
Who are we?
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 60: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
We at NPCS want to grow with you by providing solutions scale
to suit your new operations and help you reduce risk and give a
high return on application investments. We have successfully
achieved top-notch quality standards with a high level of
customer appreciation resulting in long lasting relation and
large amount of referral work through technological
breakthrough and innovative concepts. A large number of our
Indian, Overseas and NRI Clients have appreciated our
expertise for excellence which speaks volumes about our
commitment and dedication to every client's success.
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 61: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
We bring deep, functional expertise, but are known for
our holistic perspective: we capture value across
boundaries and between the silos of any organization.
We have proven a multiplier effect from optimizing the
sum of the parts, not just the individual pieces. We
actively encourage a culture of innovation, which
facilitates the development of new technologies and
ensures a high quality product.
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 62: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
o Project Identification
o Detailed Project Reports/Pre-feasibility Reports
o Business Plan
o Industry Trends
o Market Research Reports
o Technology Books and Directory
o Databases on CD-ROM
o Laboratory Testing Services
o Turnkey Project Consultancy/Solutions
o Entrepreneur India (An Industrial Monthly Journal)
What do we offer?
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 63: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
o We have two decades long experience in project consultancy and
market research field
o We empower our customers with the prerequisite know-how to
take sound business decisions
o We help catalyze business growth by providing distinctive and
profound market analysis
o We serve a wide array of customers , from individual
entrepreneurs to Corporations and Foreign Investors
o We use authentic & reliable sources to ensure business precision
How are we different ?
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 64: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Our Approach
Requirement collection
Thorough analysis of the project
Economic feasibility study of the Project
Market potential survey/research
Report Compilation
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 65: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Who do we serve?
o Public-sector Companies
o Corporates
o Government Undertakings
o Individual Entrepreneurs
o NRI’s
o Foreign Investors
o Non-profit Organizations, NBFC’s
o Educational Institutions
o Embassies & Consulates
o Consultancies
o Industry / trade associations
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 66: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Sectors We Cover
o Ayurvedic And Herbal Medicines, Herbal Cosmetics
o Alcoholic And Non Alcoholic Beverages, Drinks
o Adhesives, Industrial Adhesive, Sealants, Glues, Gum & Resin
o Activated Carbon & Activated Charcoal
o Aluminium And Aluminium Extrusion Profiles & Sections,
o Bio-fertilizers And Biotechnology
o Breakfast Snacks And Cereal Food
o Bicycle Tyres & Tubes, Bicycle Parts, Bicycle Assembling
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 67: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Bamboo And Cane Based Projects
o Building Materials And Construction Projects
o Biodegradable & Bioplastic Based Projects
o Chemicals (Organic And Inorganic)
o Confectionery, Bakery/Baking And Other Food
o Cereal Processing
o Coconut And Coconut Based Products
o Cold Storage For Fruits & Vegetables
o Coal & Coal Byproduct
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 68: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Copper & Copper Based Projects
o Dairy/Milk Processing
o Disinfectants, Pesticides, Insecticides, Mosquito Repellents,
o Electrical, Electronic And Computer based Projects
o Essential Oils, Oils & Fats And Allied
o Engineering Goods
o Fibre Glass & Float Glass
o Fast Moving Consumer Goods
o Food, Bakery, Agro Processing
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 69: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Fruits & Vegetables Processing
o Ferro Alloys Based Projects
o Fertilizers & Biofertilizers
o Ginger & Ginger Based Projects
o Herbs And Medicinal Cultivation And Jatropha (Biofuel)
o Hotel & Hospitability Projects
o Hospital Based Projects
o Herbal Based Projects
o Inks, Stationery And Export Industries
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 70: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Infrastructure Projects
o Jute & Jute Based Products
o Leather And Leather Based Projects
o Leisure & Entertainment Based Projects
o Livestock Farming Of Birds & Animals
o Minerals And Minerals
o Maize Processing(Wet Milling) & Maize Based Projects
o Medical Plastics, Disposables Plastic Syringe, Blood Bags
o Organic Farming, Neem Products Etc.
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 71: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Paints, Pigments, Varnish & Lacquer
o Paper And Paper Board, Paper Recycling Projects
o Printing Inks
o Packaging Based Projects
o Perfumes, Cosmetics And Flavours
o Power Generation Based Projects & Renewable Energy Based Projects
o Pharmaceuticals And Drugs
o Plantations, Farming And Cultivations
o Plastic Film, Plastic Waste And Plastic Compounds
o Plastic, PVC, PET, HDPE, LDPE Etc.
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 72: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Potato And Potato Based Projects
o Printing And Packaging
o Real Estate, Leisure And Hospitality
o Rubber And Rubber Products
o Soaps And Detergents
o Stationary Products
o Spices And Snacks Food
o Steel & Steel Products
o Textile Auxiliary And Chemicals
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 73: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Township & Residential Complex
o Textiles And Readymade Garments
o Waste Management & Recycling
o Wood & Wood Products
o Water Industry(Packaged Drinking Water & Mineral
Water)
o Wire & Cable
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 74: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: [email protected] , [email protected]
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on
#StreetView
https://goo.gl/VstWkd
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 75: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
www.niir.org
Follow Us
www.entrepreneurindia.co
![Page 76: Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset …...of thermosetting plastics amounted to 34.99 million tonnes. Global thermosetting plastics production is currently estimated to](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040415/5f31dc6c82721c257d591af3/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
For more information, visit us at: www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.entrepreneurindia.co