• MANY ANTI-FEDERALISTS CRITICIZED THE CONSTITUTION BECAUSE THEY BELIEVED THAT IT

A. DID NOT CREATE A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

B. SHOULD INCLUDE A BICAMERAL LEGISLATUREC. DID NOT ADEQUATELY PROTECT INDIVIDUAL

LIBERTIESD. SHOULD BE MORE SPECIFIC ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTSE. DID NOT SPECIFICALLY DEFINE THE POWERS OF JUDICIAL REVIEW

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CHECK THAT THE PRESIDENT HAS ON THE JUDICIARY?

A. HE MAY ALTER THE STRUCTURE OF THE COURT SYSTEMB. HE HAS THE POWER TO APPOINT FEDERAL JUDGESC. HE HAS THE POWER TO REMOVE FEDERAL JUDGESD. HE DECIDES THE LENGTH OF THEIR TERMS OF

OFFICEE. HE MAY CHALLENGE JUDICIAL DECISIONS BY

REFERRING THEM TO CONGREE FOR A VOTE

• IN CONTRAST TO CATEGORICAL GRANTS, BLOCK GRANTS ALLOW CONGRESS

A. MORE CONTROL OVER HOW STATES SPEND FEDERAL GRANT MONEYB. LESS CONTROL OVER HOW STATES SPEND FEDERAL GRANT MONEYC. TO MAKE LARGER OVERALL GRANTS TO STATESD. MORE DISCRETION IN TERMS OF WHETHER OR NOT MANDATES RECEIVE FEDERAL FUNDINGE. MORE CONTROL OVER HOW STATES FUND

EDUCATION PROGRAMS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A POWER EXPRESSLY GRANTED TO THE PRESIDENT IN ARTICLE II OF THE CONSTITUTION?

A. EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGEB. THE LINE ITEM VETOC. IMPOUNDMENT OF FUNDSD. THE RIGHT TO INITIATE LEGISLATIONE. COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE ARMED FORCES

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CONCURRENT POWER OF BOTH THE NATIONAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS?

A. REGULATION OF INTERSTATE COMMERCEB. THE RIGHT TO MOBILIZE AN ARMYC. TAXATION OF EXPORTSD. ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF COURT

SYSTEMSE. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN NATIONS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POWERS DOES THE CONSTITUTION GRANT TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES?

A. TO RATIFY TREATIES SIGNED BY THE PRESIDENTB. TRY THE PRESIDENT AFTER THE SENATE HAS

IMPEACHED HIMC. TO CONFIRM MAJOR PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTSD. TO ORIGINATE ALL BILLS OF REVENUEE. TO VOTE ON LAWS DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL BY

THE COURTS

• A PRESIDENTIAL VETO OF A LEGISLATIVE BILL MAY BE OVERRIDDEN BY

A. A 2/3 VOTE OF EITHER HOUSE OF CONGRESSB. 5 OF 9 SUPREME COURT JUSTICESC. A MAJORITY OF BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESSD. A 2/3 VOTE OF BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESSE. A LEGISLAIVE VETO

• THE 10th AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION HAS BEEN INTERPRETED BY THE SUPREME COURT TO

A. PREVENT STATES FROM TAXING AGENCIES OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENTB. RESERVE POWERS TO THE STATESC. RESTRICT THE APPLICATION OF JUDICIAL REVIEWD. ALLOW FOR THE BURNING OF THE FLAG AS AN EXPRESSION OF PROTESTE. LIMIT THE USE OF THE LEGISLATIVE VETO

• THE PROCEDURE FOR FORMALLY AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION BEST ILLUSTRATES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A. THE DOMINANCE OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OVER THE STATE GOVERNMENTSB. THE DOMINANCE OF THE STATE GOVERNMENTS OVER THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENTC. THE FOUNDING FATHERS’ DESIRE TO FACILITATE RAPID CONSTITUTIONAL REVISIONSD. THE SUPREME COURT’S POWER TO REVIEW CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTSE. THE FEDERAL STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

• STATES AND LOCALITIES HAVE THE MOST DISCRETION IN ESTABLISHING POLICY WHEN FEDERAL FUNDING IS DERIVED FROM

A. CATEGORICAL GRANTSB. MATCHING FUNDSC. BLOCK GRANTSD. PROJECT GRANTSE. GRANTS-IN-AID

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE UNDER THE SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES?

A. THE SUPREME COURT CAN OVERRULE THE PRESIDENT’S POLICY PROPOSALSB. THE SENATE MUST RATIYFY TREATIES NEGOTIATED BY THE PRESIDENT BEFORE THEY BECOME LAWC. A BILL BECOMES LAW WHEN THE HOUSE AND SENATE PASS IT, AND THE SUPREME COURT DECLARES IT CONSTITUTIONALD. THE SUPREME COURT CAN REMOVE MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, AND CONGRESS CAN IMPEACH THE PRESIDENTE. THE HOUSE APPOINTS THE JUSTICES TO THE SUPREME COURT AND THE SENATE APPROVES THE APPOINTMENTS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT EFFECT OF REPLACING THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WITH THE CONSTITUTION OF 1787?

A. THE PROTECTION OF FREE SPEECHB. THE GUARANTEE OF STATES’ RIGHTSC. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DIRECT DEMOCRACYD. THE CREATION OF A STRONG CENTRAL

GOVERNMENTE. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF JUDICIAL REVIEW

• A MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE AND THE SENATE IS THAT

A. FILIBUSTERS ARE ONLY POSSIBLE IN THE HOUSEB. REVENUE BILLS MUST ORIGINATE IN THE SENATEC. JUDICIAL NOMINATIONS ORIGINATE IN THE HOUSED. EACH STATE HAS EQUAL REPRESENTATION IN THE HOUSE BUT NOT THE SENATEE. THERE IS UNLIMITED DEBATE IN THE SENATE BUT NOT THE HOUSE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OF CHECKS AND BALANCES, AS ESTABLISHED BY THE CONSTITUTION?

A. A REQUIREMENT THE STATES LOWER THEIR LEGAL DRINKING AGE TO 18 AS A CONDITION FOR RECEIVING FEDERAL FUNDS THROUGH FEDERAL HIGHWAY GRANT PROGRAMSB. MEDIA CRITICISM OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS DURING AN ELECTION CAMPAIGN PERIODC. THE SUPREME COURT’S ABILITY TO OVERTURN A LOWER COURT DECISIOND. THE REQUIREMENT THAT PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS TO THE SUPREME BE APPROVED BY THE SENATE.E. THE ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT BY THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE RATHER THAN BY DIRECT ELECTION

• THE IMPORTANCE OF SHAYS’ REBELLION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION WAS THAT IT

A. REVEALED THE NECESSITY OF BOTH ADDING THE BILL OF RIGHTS TO THE CONSTITUTION AND CREATING A NEW SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES

B. DEMONSTRATED THE INTENSITY OF ANTIRATIFICATION SENTIMENT WITHIN THE THIRTEEN STATES

C. INDICATED THAT A STRONG, CONSTITUTIONALLY DESIGNED NATIONAL GOVERNMENT WAS NEEDED TO PROTECT PROPERY AND MAINTAIN ORDER

D. CONVINCED THE DELEGATES ATTENDING THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION TO ACCEPT THE CONNECTICUT PLANE. REINFORCED THE IDEA THAT SLAVERY SHOULD BE

OUTLAWED IN THE NEW CONSTITUTION

• IN A FEDERAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT, POLITICAL POWER IS PRIMARILY

A. VESTED IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTSB. VESTED IN THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENTSC. VESTED IN THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENTD. DIVIDED BETWEEN THE CENTRAL

GOVERNMENT AND REGIONAL GOVERNMENTSE. DIVIDED BETWEEN REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS

AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

• WHICH THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS CAN CONGRESS TAKE IF THE SUPREME COURT FINDS A FEDERAL LAW UNCONSTITUTIONAL?

A. APPEAL THE COURT’S DECISION TO THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA’S COURT OF APPEALSB. FORMALLY REQUEST THE PRESIDENT TO VETO THE COURT’S DECISIONC. REMOVE CERTAIN MEMBERS OF THE COURT AND REPLACE THEM WITH NEW MEMBERSD. TRY TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTIONE. REENACT THE SAME LAW

• IN McCULLOCH V. MARYLAND, THE SUPREME COURT ESTABLISHED WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES?

A. STATES CANNOT INTERFERE WITH OR TAX THE LEGITIMATE ACTIVITIES OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENTB. THE JUDICIAL BRANCH CANNOT INTERFERE IN POLITICAL

DISPUTES BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESSC. THE FEDERAL BILL OF RIGHTS PLACES NO LIMITATIONS

ON THE STATESD. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS THE POWER TO

REGULATE COMMERCEE. IT IS WITHIN THE JUDICIARY’S AUTHORITY TO INTERPRET

THE CONSTITUTION

• THE RESERVED POWERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENTS CAN BEST BE DESCRIBED AS THOSE POWERS

A. NOT SPECIFICALLY GRANTED TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OR DENIED TO THE STATESB. IMPLIED IN THE 5th AMENDMENTC. LISTED SPECIFICALLY IN THE 10th AMENDMENTD. EXERCISED BY BOTH NATIONAL AND STATE

GOVERNMENTSE. GRANTED TO STATES AS PART OF THE IMPLIED

POWERS DOCTRINE

• THE FRAMERS OF THE CONSTITUTION ALL BELIEVED THAT ONE OF THE PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT IS

A. EDUCATING CITIZENSB. PROTECTING INDIVDUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSC. PROTECTING NEW IMMIGRANTS FROM

PERSECUTIOND. EXPANDING THE BORDERS OF THE NATIONE. ENSURING THAT ANYONE ACCUSED OF A CRIME

HAS THE RIGHT TO LEGAL REPRESENTION

• IN THE FEDERALIST PAPERS, JAMES MADISON EXPRESSED THE VIEW THAT POLITICAL FACTIONS

A. SHOULD BE NURTURED BY A FREE NATIONB. SHOULD PLAY A MINOR ROLE IN ANY FREE NATIONC. ARE CENTRAL TO THE CREATION OF A FREE NATIOND. ARE UNDESIRABLE BUT INEVITABLE IN A FREE

NATIONE. ARE NECESSARY TO CONTROL THE MASSES IN A FREE NATION

• ELECTIONS FOR THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PROVIDE

A. APPROXIMATELY EQUAL REPRESENTATION FOR EVERY VOTERB. AN EQUAL CHANCE OF GETTING ELECTED FOR BOTH INCUMBENTS AND CHALLENGERSC. A SYSTEM IN WHICH ONLY THOSE CANDIDATES WHO RECEIVE A MAJORITY OF THE VOTES CAST WIN ON THE FIRST BALLOTD. PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF VOTES CAST FOR EACH PARTYE. PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES

• IN CONTRAST TO REVENUE SHARING, CATEGORICAL GRANTS-IN-AID PROVIDE STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

A. SUBSTANTIAL DISCRETION IN DECIDING HOW TO USE THE GRANTS TO SOLVE THEIR PROBLEMS

B. AID THAT REFLECTS TAX BASE AND POPULATIONC. THE POWER TO IMPOSE REGRESSIVE TAXESD. FUNDS SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT A HIGH LEVEL OF

LOCAL SERVICEE. FUNDS TO ADMINISTER PROGRAMS CLEARLY

SPECIFIED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

• IN MARBURY V. MADISON (1803), THE SUPREME COURT ASSUMED THE POWER TO

A. DECIDE WHETHER INTERNAL CONGRESSIONAL PROCEDURES ARE CONSTITUTIONAL

B. ADVISE CONGRESS ON THE ` CONSTITUTIONALITY OF A PROPOSED LAW

C. REGULATE SLAVERYD. DECIDE ON THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF A LAW

OR AN EXECUTIVE ACTIONE. APPROVE EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS

• IN THE CONSTITUTION AS ORIGINALLY RATIFIED IN 1788, THE PROVISIONS REGARDING WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MOST CLOSELY APPROXIMATE POPULAR MAJORIATARIAN DEMOCRACY?

A. ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

B. ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF THE SENATEC. ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT D. RATIFICATION OF TREATIESE. CONFIRMATION OF PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DEFINES THE CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION OF FEDERALISM?

A. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE STATES EACH HAVE SEPARATE AND MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES: NEITHER CONTROLS THE OTHER.

B. THE STATES HAVE SOME POWERS RESERVED TO WHICH THEY MAY EXERCISE IF THE SUPREME COURT PERMITS.

C. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE STATES HAVE SEPARATE BUT OVERLAPPING POWERS. IF THERE IS A CONFLICT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PREVAILS

D. THE STATES MAY ONLY EXERCISE THOSE POWERS DELEGATED TO THEM BY CONGRESS

E. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MAY EXERCISE ONLY THOSE POWERS SPECIFICALLY ENUMERATED IN THE CONSTITUTION.

• THE CONSTITUTION AS RATIFIED IN 1788 CLEARLY REFLECTS THE FRAMERS’ COMMITMENT TO

A. THE IDEA OF DIRECT DEMOCRACYB. THE PRINCIPLE OF LIMITED GOVERNMENTC. THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERYD. PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSEDE. MAINTAINING THE PRIMACY OF THE STATES

• ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED IN THE CONSTITUTION EXCEPT

A. JUDICIAL REVIEWB. THE NATIONAL CENSUSC. RULES OF IMPEACHMENTD. THE STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESSE. LENGTH OF TERM OF FEDERAL JUDGESHIPS

• JUDICIAL REVIEW WAS FIRST RECOGNIZED AS A JUDICIAL POWER BY

A. McCULLOCH V. MARYLANDB. MARBURY V. MADISONC. GIBBONS V. OGDEND. GIDEON V WAINWRIGHTE. MIRANDA V. ARIZONA

• THE THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION ESTABLISHED WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES?

A. IN ORDER TO DETERMINE REPRESENTATION AND TAXATION, EACH STATE WAS TO COUNT THREE-FIFTHS OF ALL ITS SLAVESB. THE SIZE OF THE SENATE WAS TO BE KEPT IN A THREE-FIFTHS PROPORTION TO THE SIZE OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.C. THREE-FIFTHS OF BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS WERE NECESSARY IN ORDER TO PROPOSE AN AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION.D. MINIMUM PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS FOR VOTING WERE SET AT THREE-FIFTHS OF AN ACRE OF LAND.E. THREE-FIFTHS OF THE PRESIDENT’S APPOINTEES IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH WERE TO COME FROM THE CIVIL SERVICE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS DIRECTS AN OFFICIAL TO BRING A PRISONER TO COURT AND GIVE REASON WHY HE IS BEING HELD?

A. AN EX POST FACTO LAWB. A WRIT OF HABEUS CORPUSC. A BILL OF ATTAINDERD. AMICUS CURIAE BRIEFE. A WRIT OF CERTIORARI

• THE “DEVOLUTION REVOLUTION” IS A REFERENCE TO A RECENT TREND TOWARD

A. STATES RELYING ON THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT TO FINANCE THEIR MOST IMPORTANT PROJECTSB. THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT RETURNING RESPONSIBILITY FOR MANY FUNCTIONS TO THE STATESC. SENATE AND HOUSE COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN DELEGATING MORE WORK TO THE SUBCOMMITTEESD. FEDERAL COURTS REFUSING TO TAKE ALMOST NO CASES FROM STATE COURTSE. STATE GOVERNORS ALLOWING LOCAL OFFICIALS TO CONDUCT STATEWIDE ELECTIONS

• “TO MAKE ALL LAWS WHICH SHALL BE NECESSARY AND PROPER FOR CARRYING INTO EXECUTION THE FOREGOING POWERS, AND ALL OTHER POWERS VESTED BY THE CONSTITUTION IN THE GOVERNEMNT OF THE UNITED STATES…”

• THE QUOTE IS FOUND IN THE

A. CONSTITUTION, ARTICLE IB. BILL OF RIGHTSC. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCEED. THE FEDERALIST PAPERSE. FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT

• IMPLIED POWERS OF CONGRESS EMANATE PRIMARILY FROM

A. FEDERALIST PAPERSB. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCEC. THE DUE PROCESS CLAUSE OF THE 5th

AMENDMENTD. THE FULL FAITH AND CREDIT CLAUSE OF THE

CONSTITUTIONE. THE “NECESSARY AND PROPER” CLAUSE OF THE

CONSTITUTION