MAO’S RED CHINA

THE NEW REVOLUTIONARIESCONQUEST AND EXTERMINATION

1916-1934

The May 4th Movement• China’s Contribution to

WWI – the Labor Battalions

• Paris Peace Conference and China – Unfair Treatment

• The May 4th Movement – Demonstrations in Beijing

• The New Tide Movement

The Communists and the Kuomintang

The Communists The Kuomintang• Yatsen’s reorganization of his political party: the

Guomindang o National freedomo Democratic government o People’s livelihood

• Unite China and fight against foreign influence • Western powers neglected supporting Yatsen’s

party. • USSR gave support and sent agents/diplomats

to help Yatsen establish a party. • Chinese Communist Party joined Guomindang

o Although both parties differed in ideas, why not combine to become stronger?

o Michael Borodin and General Galen were sent by Russian government to help Yatsen create a strong enough army to conquer the warlords and the rest of China.

•Emergence of Communism (foreign idea)

•1918: ‘Society for the Study of Marxism’ was established and led to a Chinese Communist Party

Huangpu Military Academy

The Rise of Chiang Kaishek

• 1925: Yatsen dies of cancer • Chiang Kaishek took his

place and became Commander-in-Chief of the new national revolutionary army.

The Northern Campaign (1926)• The Northern campaign (1926)

o Purpose: to subdue the rival generals o In two years, it was capable of outruling

the generals in powero Kaishek: "Your own life means nothing,

you must sacrifice everything for your country and its people."

o Armies marched to the north

• March to the North o Sent political agents to gain support from

people promising “national revolution and a new order in China”.

o An army captured Hankow, Nanking and estabished governments there.

o Little fighting

• Another threat: split into groups

The Communist-Kuomintang Split• Communist-Guomindang conquered all of

Southern China, and began influencing North

• Workers in Shanghai rebelled against the warlords in that area upon the arrival of Kaishek’s army.

• Zhou Enlai: led the Communists in one of the rebellions

o Set a communist council to run the city• Kaishek army reached Shanghai and took

over its streets o Killed all the Communists it could find,

executed them on the streets, and forced thousands to flee.

• Communists retreated to the countryside in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces

• He gained control of the Jiangxi and Hunan provinces, head of Nanking, looked forwards to conquering the rest of China.

• Alliance between the Chinese Communist Party and the Guomindang was over.

• Chiang controlled the cities and was head of the government in Nanking, he got ready to conquer the rest of China.

The Unification of China, 1928

• The Second Northern Campaign, April 1928

• Chiang Kaishek Makes Alliances with Warlords in North

• Kuomintang Forces Enter Beijing

• Creation of the National Government – Chiang Kaishek Ruler

Disunity

• Chiang Kaishek Not in Total Control

• Warlords Rise Against Him – Feng Yuxiang & Yan Xishan

• Provincial Control Difficult to Fully Claim

When they first capture a person for ransom they first pierce his legs with iron wire, and bind them together as fish are hung on a string. When they returned to their bandit dens, the captives were interrogated and were pricked with sickles to make them tell of hidden property they possessed. If there was the slightest hesitation in answering, they were immediately cut in two at the waist – as a warning to others. Then they compelled the villagers to disclose where was hidden the little store of grain with which they were trying to eke out an existence. This they carried off, leaving the victims to starve. If any of the adults tried to escape the whole family was slaughtered…In many cases there will be found only 8 or 10 houses left standing in towns that had 400 to 450 just the year before. What has become of the families, no man can tell.

- Official Chinese Report, 1929