map legend fall/winter 2014

Election Results 5

Geography Bee 12

Spring Meeting & Workshop Photos 16

NSGIC Report 23

Agricultural Water Conservation 24

Weblinks 33

Mystery Photo 34

Inside this issue:

The

Map

Leg

end

The

Map

Leg

end

J

OI

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NM

GI

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Volume 24

Dec 2014

photo by Rick Kohler

The ESRI REST API has simplified the processes of accessing and modifying your geography data

through the web. The architecture is language independent - you can code in any language that provides a method for accessing URLs. It is also very easy to learn. If you can open a URL in your browser, you

can access and modify your data.

In this article, I am going to show you how to create web maps for desktop and mobile using the REST

API, JavaScript and the Leaflet.js library.

The REST API

When you publish a service from

ArcServer, it will create a REST end-point at http://Your Server Address/

ArcGIS/rest/services. This URL will show you a list of all the services you

have published. If you click a specific

service, you will see the details for the service, including all the layers available.

Select a layer and at the bottom of the

page and you will see the available op-erations. On a feature service you should

be able to query, add, update, delete and apply edits. Select the query operation

and you will be presented with a web

form. If you use the expression 1=1 for the where field and a * for the outfields

and press the Query (GET) button, you

will see all the data in the feature.

In the image (right), you can see I have 25 records in a point feature class with

two attributes: OBJECTID and name. To access this data in our applications, we

Web Mapping Using the ESRI REST API and Leaflet.js Paul Crickard

Continued page 6

T H E MAP LEGEND

The Map Legend is published by

the New Mexico Geographic Infor-

mation Council, Inc. (NMGIC) and

is a benefit of membership in

NMGIC. The opinions expressed

are those of the contributors and do

not necessarily represent the views

of NMGIC, except where specifi-

cally noted. Use of trade names or

products does not constitute an

endorsement by NMGIC. Members

are invited to send articles and

announcements of interest to the

Editor. Please direct all correspon-

dence to:

Jason Fink

NMGIC, Inc.

PO Box 9445

Albuquerque, NM 87119-9445

Email: [email protected]

NMGIC Web Site located at:

http://nmgic.com

T h e T h e

M a p M a p

L e g e nL e g e n dd

Lisa Arnold, President Natural Heritage New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131 Voice: 505-277-3822 x230 Email: [email protected] David Jordan, Vice President INTERA Incorporated 60oo Uptown Blvd NE, Suite 100 Albuquerque, NM 87110 Voice: 505.246-1600 Facsimile: 505.246-2600 Email: [email protected] Kerri Mich, Treasurer NM NRCS 6200 Jefferson NE 87109 Albuquerque, NM Voice: 505-761-4437 Email: [email protected] Laura Gleasner, Secretary Earth Data Analysis Center MSC01 1110 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 Voice: 505-277-3622, ext 230 Facsimile: 505-277-3614 Email: [email protected] Leland Pierce, Meeting Coordinator NM Dept and Game and Fish Box 25112 Santa Fe, NM 87505 Voice: 505-476-8094 Facsimile: 505-476-8128 Email: [email protected] Amy Ballard, Elections Coordinator Amy Ballard Center for Education Policy Research University of New Mexico Manzanita Hall 100 Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 Voice: 505-277-1932 Email: [email protected] Joseph Zebrowski, Speakers Coord Director of Geospatial Technology Natural Resources Management Department New Mexico Highlands University Box 9000 Las Vegas, NM 87701 Voice: 505-426-2146 Email: [email protected] Kurt Wurm, Workshop Coordinator NM State University Dept of Engineering Tech PO Box 30001, MSC 3566 Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001 Voice: 505-575-646-6748 Email: [email protected] Jason Fink, Public Relations Voice: 505-238-8111 Email: [email protected]

NMGIC Standing Committees

Geographic Names

Robert Julyan, Chair

Voice: 505-298-8420


GNSS

Kurt Wurm, Chair

Voice: 505-646-6748


State Mapping Advisory

Mike Inglis, Chair

Voice: 505-277-3622 ext. 252

Fax: 505-277-3614


Geospatial Education

Denise Chavez, Co-Chair

Voice: 505-507-4360


David Jordan, Co-Chair

Voice: 505-246-1600


NMGIC, Inc. Board of Directors

VOLUME 2 4

2015 GIS Calendar of Events

ESRI

International User Conference,

July 20-24, in San Diego, California

Membership fee $30

Student Membership fee $15

JOIN NMG IC !

Corporate Membership fee $250

Corporate Member Exhibit fee $100

Non-member Corp Exhibit fee $200

http://www.nmgic.com/

Message From The NMGIC President—Lisa Arnold

T H E MAP LEGEND

Hello fellow NMGIC members!

I wanted to first say a big thank you to all those who helped with and attended the fall

meeting. For those that missed it, our topic was “The Landscape of Geospatial Educa-

tion in New Mexico.” We had a very diverse set of speakers and had the opportunity to

hear from folks we may not have normally. For example, Gayle Wilson who showed

samples of GIS work completed by 6th-12th graders at the Albuquerque Academy. The

example projects shown were impressive. We also heard about several ways for profes-

sionals in our community to further their own skill set, such as through the NM Edge

offerings, or free online training via the FOSS4G Academy.

The education topic of the meeting goes hand in hand with the Pathway’s project sev-

eral board members have been working on. The Pathway’s project is focused on the

idea of bringing geospatial education at all levels and workforce together to insure the

best possible alignment of curriculum with workforce needs. In the new year, the Path-

way’s committee will continue to pursue this idea with the hope of putting on a Path-

way’s event bringing students, educators and employers together. Look for more to

come on this idea, and of course feel free to volunteer for the committee!

Happy Holidays!

Lisa

NMGIC offers a scholarship worth up to $1000 to students work-ing on GIT programs!!! See http://nmgic.com

VOLUME 2 4

NMGIC Election Results

Don’t Forget to pay your

2015 membership dues!!!

The membership form can be

found on our website

http://nmgic.com/

membform.html

Do you have

information about a

project, new

techniques, GIS and

related issues,

announcements,

news, etc. that you

would like

published in the

Map Legend?

A slate of seven candidates ran for a total of 5 available Board seats in

the fall election. Election results include returning Board Members:

Jason Fink

Laura Gleasner

Kerri Mich

New Board Members include:

Debra Matthews

Brian Keller

Approximately 80 NMGIC members participated in the election.

Web Mapping Using the ESRI REST API continued from cover

T H E MAP LEGEND

will use the same URLs but will automate the submission of the form using AJAX.

JavaScript

Performing operations through a web form is nice, but for a web application, we want to be able automate this process. We will accomplish

this by using AJAX. AJAX stands for asynchronous JavaScript and XML, however, the XML has been replaced by JSON. AJAX allows a web page to retrieve data from a server without requesting a new page. An AJAX request in standard JavaScript works as shown in the code

below.

http=new XMLHttpRequest();

http.open("POST", URL, true);

http.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); http.onreadystatechange = function() {//Call a function when the state changes.

if(http.readyState == 4 && http.status == 200) { alert(http.responseText);

}

} http.send(PARAMETERS);

In the above code, you make a POST request to a specified URL with some parameters. The code in your program will continue until the

server responds. This is the asynchronous, or the non-blocking, part of the AJAX. When the server responds, the code above checks to see if the readyState is 4 (finished and response ready) and that the http status code is 200 (“OK”). If those conditions are true, you will receive

responseText which will be a JSON object.

To perform a query using the REST API and AJAX, we add two lines of code above the AJAX request.

var URL = http://Your Server Address/ArcGIS/rest/services/attachimage/FeatureServer/0/query;

var PARAMETERS=”where=1=1&f=json”;

Now you know where the REST endpoint is for an ArcServer Service and how to make an AJAX call. I will show you how to make a sim-

ple map in Leaflet.js

Leaflet.js

Leaflet.js is a lightweight JavaScript mapping library that runs on desktop and mobile devices. With Leaflet.js you can create a map in two

lines of JavaScript. The code below is the HTML required to make a map.

<html>

<head><title>Leaflet.js Essentials</title>

<script src="http://cdn.leafletjs.com/leaflet-0.7.2/leaflet.js"></script> </head>

<body>

<div style="height:400px; width:400px" id="map"></div> <script>

var map = L.map('map', {center: [35.10418, -106.62987],zoom:15}); L.tileLayer('http://{s}.tile.osm.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png').addTo(map);

L.marker([35.10418, -106.62987]).addTo(map);

</script> </body>

</html>

The code above creates a <div> element where the map will be placed, a map object that is centered on the Big-I and zoomed in to level 15.

Lastly, it adds a basemap from OpenStreetMap and puts a marker at the center of the map. Next, I am going to show you how to combine

the three pieces to create a mobile tracking application.

T H E MAP LEGEND

Putting it Together – A Mobile Tracker

HTML 5 has a geolocation API. In Leaflet.js, it has been wrapped in to a few simple functions. Using the REST API, AJAX and Leaflet.js,

I will show you how to upload your locations to a feature class.

1. Create a map with some style information and a <meta> tag to make the map display better on mobile. In your script, you will create a

map with no options and tell it to locate.

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />

<style>html, body, #map { padding: 0; margin: 0; height: 100%; } </style>

var map = L.map('map');

map.locate({watch:true, setView: true ,maxZoom: 16,enableHighAccuracy:true});

2. Next, you need to add an event listener for when the map finds you or doesn’t find you. Then, write the functions that each listener will

call.

map.on('locationfound', onLocationFound);

map.on('locationerror', onLocationError);

function onLocationError(e) {

alert("Unable to use location."); map.setView([35.10418, -106.62987],12);

}

3. The above code left out the onLocationFound function because this is where all your code will go. When the map finds your location, you

will make an AJAX call to the ESRI REST API and insert the point. When you are found, the event sends your location to the function. It

sends it as a Leaflet LatLong object so you need to strip the unnecessary text and just get the coordinates. Then you create a JSON represen-

tationn of the point and send it as a parameter to the REST endpoint.

function onLocationFound(e) {

coordinateString=String(e.latlng);

splitInHalf=coordinateString.split(","); theLat=splitInHalf[0].split("(");

latitude=theLat[1];

theLong=splitInHalf[1].split(")"); longitude=theLong[0];

var p1 = '[{"geometry":{"x":';

var p2=longitude;

var p3= ',"y":'; var p4= latitude;

var p5= '}, "attributes":{}}]'; addFeature=p1.concat(p2,p3,p4,p5);

var addParams = "features="+addFeature+"&f=json"; var url="http://ServerName/ArcGIS/rest/services/PaulTrackLogin/FeatureServer/0/addFeatures";

http=new XMLHttpRequest(); http.open("POST", updateurl, true);

http.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); http.onreadystatechange = function() {//Call a function when the state changes.

if(http.readyState == 4 && http.status == 200) {

//alert(http.responseText);

Web Mapping Using the ESRI REST API ...continued


T H E MAP LEGEND

}

} http.send(updateparams);

}

I have commented out the response, but ArcServer will return whether or not the operation was successful. Because high accuracy was en-abled, the map will check your location frequently. Losing a few points will not affect the application. The above code can be modified to

perform other actions in the REST API such as delete and update. You can also connect to other services such as a geometry service or a

geocoder service. The next example will show you how to use your phone camera to upload images to your feature class.

Add Photos to a Feature With Your Phone

ArcMap recently introduced the ability to add attachments as a blob and relate them to a feature. In this example, I will show you how to

use your phone camera to upload a photo to a feature class – you can either select and image or take one.

When you enable attachments on a feature, you will not see it is an available supported operation for your feature class (in ArcServer 10.0). To see attachments on your feature class you will go to http://ServerName/ArcGIS/rest/services/ServiceName/FeatureServer/0/3/

attachments. Where 0 is the layer number and 3 is the objectid of the specific feature. To add an attachment you will change attachments to

addAttachment. Let’s add an attachment.

Adding an attachment requires sending a file to the server. You don’t have to worry about encoding the data in a binary format because

HTML can handle that for us. The key piece of code for uploading an image is the form code below.

var form='<form target="_blank" action="http://ServerName/ArcGIS/rest/services/ServiceName/FeatureServer/0/3/addAttachment" enc-

type="multipart/form-data" method="post" accept="image/*;caputre=camera">

<input type="file" name="upload" multiple="multiple"><br><input type="submit" value="Upload"></form>

By changing the objectid (3) in the url above, you can change which feature the image is attached to. This code does not require a map. You

can put it in a webpage with text fields for the user to select the object they want to upload the image to. Or, you can load the feature class in a map and attach the form to a popup on each feature allowing the user to select the feature visually and then upload the image. When the

user clicks the Choose Files button in the form, the user will be taken to their phones camera application.

Rolling Your Code in to Widgets

As you start using the REST API, you will notice that you are writing the same code over and over and only changing the (x,y) and URL of

T H E MAP LEGEND

a feature. This is a sign that you should create a class or widget so you can simplify your code. I have created a geocoder widget that uses

my geocoding service and creates the html box in the image below. When you search for an address, it will place the result on the map and

zoom.

To add geocoding to any of my maps no longer requires any code. All that is needed are two lines of HTML:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="geocoder.css" />

<script src="geocoderMap.js"></script>

The .css file handles the styling of the textbox and the .js file does all the work. In the JavaScript code below, the first several lines handle the HTML elements and styling. The work is done in the GeocodeAddress function. You will notice the code is an AJAX call to the REST

endpoint with the parameter street set to whatever the user types. When the results are returned, the function parses the coordinates from the result, adds a marker on the map with a popup that contains the address and then zooms to the marker.

(function() { var b = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0];

var first = document.createElement('div');

var second = document.createElement('div'); var addressSearchBox = document.createElement('div');

first.id = "first"; second.id = "second";

addressSearchBox.id = "AddressSearchBox";

b.appendChild(first); first.appendChild(second);

second.appendChild(addressSearchBox); var text = "<center><b>Address:</b><input type='text' id='addr' name='to'><button id='search' >Search</button><center>"

addressSearchBox.innerHTML=text;

var textbox = document.getElementById("addr"); var button = document.getElementById("search");

function GeocodeAddress(){ addressFromAddressSearchBox=document.getElementById("addr").value;



T H E MAP LEGEND

var params = "Street="+addressFromAddressSearchBox+"&f=json&outSR=4326";

var url = "http://ServerName/ArcGIS/rest/services/AddressLocator/GeocodeServer/findAddressCandidates"; if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {

http=new XMLHttpRequest();

}else { http=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); }

http.open("POST", url, true);

http.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

http.onreadystatechange = function() {//Call a function when the state changes. if(http.readyState == 4 && http.status == 200) {

var thexy= JSON.parse(http.responseText); var yousearchedfor = L.marker([thexy.candidates[0].location.y,thexy.candidates[0].location.x]).addTo

(map).bindPopup('<h3>'+addressFromAddressSearchBox+'</h3>').openPopup();

map.setView([thexy.candidates[0].location.y,thexy.candidates[0].location.x],18); }}

http.send(params);

}

button.onclick=function geocode(){GeocodeAddress(); }

textbox.onkeypress=function handleKeyPress(e){

var key=e.keyCode || e.which; if (key==13){GeocodeAddress();}}

} ());

Final Thoughts

While the examples here focused on mapping, the REST API should be seen as database access to your GIS data. You can create web forms

that query or edit your data without the need for a map. For example, I have an HTML table that displays all the current construction pro-

jects we are working on and their status. Yes, I can put this on a map, but some users just want to know how many projects there are or who

is the project manager for project X.

T H E MAP LEGEND

San Juan County wants to wish a happy farewell to Sandi Spencer after 29 years

of great service! Sandi began her time in the Surveying department at San Juan

County as a Rodman (she thinks). Going through a myriad of positions, including

work in the Assessor’s Office and also as Addressing Coordinator, Sandi spent

the last 11 years as the GIS Coordinator/Supervisor for the GIS department. Sandi

has taken the department through numerous changes which have earned the de-

partment the distinguished Special Achievement in GIS award from ESRI in

2007. Sandi assisted in the development of the GISS certificate through New

Mexico Edge County College, and completed the degree herself in 2013. She also

aided in the development of a GIS program through San Juan College. Sandi has

been a member of the New Mexico Geographic Information Council for several

years. Her knowledge will be greatly missed!

Sandi is looking forward to sleeping in, spending more time with her granddaugh-

ter, and travelling. We wish her the best in her retirement!

Retiring! Sandi Spencer

Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Collaborative Program

Daniel B. Stephens & Associates, Inc. (DBS&A) is currently under a multi-year contract with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the

Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Collaborative Program (MRGESCP) to develop and maintain an on-line GIS based database management system (DBMS). The MRGESCP is a partnership involving 16 current federal, state, local, and tribal signatories organized

to protect and improve the status of endangered species along the Middle Rio Grande of New Mexico, while simultaneously protecting

existing and future water uses.

The existing data used to support Rio Grande Basin management have been collected by many different agencies, stakeholders, and con-

sultants and have been stored in different formats and systems. In their current form, these datasets are not easily accessible for use and analysis by the Program’s various stakeholders. The purpose of the DBMS is to integrate these data into a comprehensive database that

enables stakeholders and Program staff to readily access and use these data, through custom queries and analysis tools providing visual

and graphic outputs in addition to traditional tables and reports, thereby facilitating data analysis and management decisions.

The DBMS is intended to be a web-accessible, multi-disciplinary, spatially referenced, relational system used to consolidate, organize,

store, analyze, and distribute both scientific and program management information related to the Program. The system is for projects associated with habitat restoration, water management, and scientific investigations within the Middle Rio Grande basin. The current

development team consists of DBS&A and Real Time Solutions (RTS).

The primary system functionality includes:

Web accessibility

GIS / map searching capabilities

Integration of spatial GIS and tabular data

Interactive query capabilities

Download capabilities

Security and tiered access

Templates for data input

Conversion of historical data

Links to other external databases

Library of Program publications

Project tracking interface, including financial/project cost tracking

Full-text search of documents in the Document Library, including OCR-processed documents.

http://mrgescp.dbstephens.com

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http://mrgescp.dbstephens.com

T H E MAP LEGEND

The National Geographic Society’s Geographic Bee will be celebrated on March 27th, 2015, at the Na-

tional Dance Institute, the old Hiland Theatre, 4800 Central Ave SE, Albuquerque.

The Geographic Bee is a much-anticipated school event held annually. Students throughout New Mexico

from fourth through eighth grades participate in this renowned competition. The top 100 Bee winners are

selected to attend the New Mexico Geographic Bee. The winner of the state Bee is awarded $100.00 and

a trip with one parent to the National Geographic Bee held in Washington, D.C. in May. The second and

third place contestants also receive monetary awards of $75.00 and $50.00. The National Winner is

awarded a substantial scholarship and a trip to the Galapagos Islands. An adventure of a lifetime!

This event provides the youth of New Mexico with an excellent opportunity for personal growth through

competition with their peers while demonstrating their knowledge of geography. This is a very challeng-

ing competition that requires dedication and hard work from all the children that participate. In addition,

many dedicated volunteers work hard to ensure the quality of the competition. Knowledge of geography

feeds a curiosity that leads the children to solid citizenship by nurturing their deep care for our planet.

This event allows us to encourage extraordinary young people who have put forth a great deal of effort to

prepare for this competition.

I will be in need of volunteers from parking attendants, information inside, help with set up and break

down, judges, and more as I come to know what I will need. The Bee starts at 8:00 and usually finishes

up by noon. It is a lot of hard work and it is so worth it. The experience of the tension, excitement, and

relief of each participant is something that will stay with you for years to come. And you get a Geo-

graphic Bee tee-shirt! I hope that you will answer the calling and volunteer for the Bee.

Please contact me if you are interested:

Suzan Arfman

[email protected]

(505)222-9527 office

(505453-2852 cell

NGS Geography Bee Suzan Arfman

mailto:[email protected]

GIS Jobs and Careers Ebook

T H E MAP LEGEND

RGIS (Resource Geographic Information System)

The Earth Data Analysis Center (EDAC) has been administrating the Resource Geo-

graphic Information System (RGIS), New Mexico’s Geospatial Data Clearinghouse, for

over 20 years. Last year, RGIS provided over 40 Terabytes of data to State, County,

Municipal, Town, Commercial, Federal, and Public interests that support hundreds of

projects. So, if you need New Mexico Geospatial Data, contact RGIS.

2014 NAIP mosaics in compressed .sid format (RGB/Natural Color) are

now available for download. The four band quarter-quads have been ordered

and will be available in 2015. Please note that coverage for the White

Sands area is not available at this time.

Contact: Laura Gleasner


Voice: 505.277-3622 Ext 230

RGIS Website: http://rgis.unm.edu/

As a GIS educator, I'd like to make you and your students aware of a free eBook we are offering entitled "GIS Jobs, GISP Certification and

Geospatial Careers." The eBook was compiled from past articles published by Directions Magazine. So far, the eBook has generated nearly

1500 downloads and is available at no charge. The contents of the book include:

Prepare to Get That Job: 20 Challenging GIS Interview Questions

Ten Things to Know about the Geospatial Technology Competency Model

New Resources for GIS Job Seekers

Geospatial Occupations Q&A – Part One

Geospatial Occupations Q&A – Part Two

Should You Get "GIS Certified"

Revisiting the Path to GISP: Is it Time to Add an Examination?

The Great Debate: To Certify or not to Certify, That Is an Absurd Question

The Top 10 Things You Should Know about GIS Certification

Do You Qualify for a GISP?

Ethical Insights

Q&A: Directions Magazine’s Special Session on GIS Certification with:

David DiBiase, former GISCI President, and Sheila Wilson, GISCI Executive Director

http://www.directionsmag.com/images/ebooks/2013/07/GIS-jobs.pdf

Please also visit our Directions on Education Channel with more resources on GIS education.

http://www.directionsmag.com/images/ebooks/2013/07/GIS-jobs.pdf

Jessie Rossbach Memorial Scholarship Visit the NMGIC website, see the “Education” Category

http://www.nmgic.com/

Application deadline: March 31,

2015.

ASPRS Rio Grande Chapter is offering an undergraduate and gradu-

ate scholarship ($250 each). Applications are due March 13, 2015.

http://rmr.asprs.org/local_chapters/riogrande/

T H E MAP LEGEND

Attention Students in GIT... NMGIC offers a scholarship worth up to $1000 to students working

on GIT

programs!!!

See http://nmgic.com

http://rmr.asprs.org/local_chapters/riogrande/

T H E MAP LEGEND

Fall 2014 Meeting Photos

T H E MAP LEGEND

NMGIC Workshop at Blue Skies

Thank you Blue Skies for a great tour!

T H E MAP LEGEND

New Mexico Statewide LiDAR Acquisition Plan

In January 2014, the New Mexico Geospatial Advisory Committee formed the NM Elevation Data Planning and Acquisition Subcommittee

to respond to the USGS 3D Elevation Program opportunity and plan for New Mexico’s need for enhanced elevation data. The committee was tasked with creating an inventory of existing elevation data, developing partner and stakeholder relationships, identifying LiDAR data

needs and priorities, and developing a statewide LiDAR acquisition plan.

Current 10 Meter DEM Hillshade LiDAR 2 foot DEM Hillshade

Interactive Image slider at http://edac.unm.edu/projects/lacueva/

In June of 2014 the subcommittee presented to the USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) National Program and as a result of that presenta-

tion the entire state was considered a priority acquisition area.

Since that time the subcommittee has been working to fine tune the plan and develop a funding and legislative strategy. The subcommittee

has proposed a 5 year plan to collect and process statewide USGS Quality Level 2 data that is suitable for a wide range of elevation map-

ping applications such as pipeline development, solar siting, floodplain delineation, and forestry management.

T H E MAP LEGEND

At this time the subcommittee has presented to one legislative committee and received constructive feedback and support for the program.

However, assistance will be needed in the future.

For more information, see the New Mexico 3DEP Fact Sheet at http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3041/pdf/fs2014-3041.pdf

Quality Levels Data Source Horizontal Resolution Vertical Accuracy

Point Density RMSEz in Open Terrain Equivalent

Contour

QL 1 LiDAR 8 points/m2 9.25 cm 1 foot

QL 2 LiDAR 2 points/m2 9.25 cm 1 foot

QL 3 LiDAR 1 – 0.25 points/m2 ≤18.5 cm 2 feet

QL 4 Imagery/ LiDAR 1 – 0.04 points/m2 46.3 – 139 cm 5 – 15 feet

QL 5 Imagery/ IFSAR 0.04 points/m2 92.7 – 185 cm 10 – 20

New Mexico Statewide LiDAR Acquisition Plan

T H E MAP LEGEND

T H E MAP LEGEND

The National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC) held its annual meeting in Charleston, SC

on September 14 – 18, 2014. One of the bigger themes of the conference, which is geared more toward

states’ perspectives, was the growing open data movement. As an example, the state of Maryland will no

longer charge for Parcel data (http://smartgrowthmd.wordpress.com/2014/11/25/mdps-open-parcel-

initiative-results-in-increased-data-usage/). Collaboration and geoportals were also hot topics. The liveli-

est session was centered on climate change and community resiliency, with NSGIC intending to explore

ways to help communities better prepare for the future. All this and more can be found at the conference

archives: http://www.nsgic.org/index.php?page_id=1061. Leland Pierce attended.

NSGIC continues be involved in the development of a report on the use of geospatial technology and infor-

mation in the federal government by the U.S. General Accounting Office, as well as advocacy for better

address point management. The mid-year conference, held once again in Annapolis Maryland, will be

February 22 – 26, 2015.

NSGIC Update by Leland J. S. Pierce, NSGIC Board Member

For more information on NSGIC,

visit: http://www.nsgic.org

http://smartgrowthmd.wordpress.com/2014/11/25/mdps-open-parcel-initiative-results-in-increased-data-usage/

http://smartgrowthmd.wordpress.com/2014/11/25/mdps-open-parcel-initiative-results-in-increased-data-usage/

http://www.nsgic.org/index.php?page_id=1061

T H E MAP LEGEND

T H E MAP LEGEND

Agricultural Water Conservation: Not always what it seems

David Jordan, PE Dr. Richard Allen, PE Dr. Guillermo Martinez Amber Whittaker, GIT

INTRODUCTION

INTERA Incorporated (INTERA) was retained by the New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission (NM ISC) to evaluate the water-saving

effectiveness of converting from traditional flood irrigation to drip irrigation in agricultural fields in the Deming, New Mexico, area

(Figure 1). This evaluation was made by comparing the relative crop consumptive use of water in flood- and drip-irrigated fields using a remote-sensing-based technique using Landsat data combined with data collected in the field. The remote-sensing-based technique used

relative temperature differences as a proxy for relative water use to show relative differences in crop consumptive use between flood- and drip-irrigated fields. Water is lost from irrigated fields via the combined processes of evaporation (either from open water during a flood-

irrigation event or from damp soil subsequent to irrigation) and plant transpiration (the process of vaporization of liquid water contained in

plant tissues and the vapor removal to the atmosphere). During this process, known as evapotranspiration (ET), energy is consumed, causing a decrease in ground-surface temperature in the vicinity of the crop. While these ground-surface temperature differences are subtle (on the

order of a few degrees Fahrenheit [°F]), they can be reliably measured and assessed. Using information about crop and irrigation type col-

lected during field surveys performed during this study, we can then evaluate relative crop consumptive use by evaluating temperature dif-ferences. In addition to relative temperature differences, we evaluated relative biomass, a proxy for crop yield, using a remote-sensing-

based vegetation index. Using this methodology, we were able to evaluate relative crop yield by crop and irrigation type.

To confirm the temperature-based results, we also applied the Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration

(METRIC™) model, a remote-sensing-based energy-balance method for calculating ET. The METRIC™ method was applied for two dates

during the peak of the growing season to support and confirm the results of the temperature-based analyses.

Figure 1. Project Location and Area of Interest

(Continued on page 26)

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Agricultural Water Conservation continued

Surface temperature was used to evaluate consumptive-use differences for cotton, milo, and corn fields. Figures 2 through 4 compare aver-

age values between drip- and flood-irrigation methods. For all three crop types, the flood-irrigated fields were generally warmer throughout

the growing season except for mid-May for cotton and late October for cotton and milo. These differences in temperature indicate drip-

irrigated fields are consuming more water than flood-irrigated fields, based on energy-balance theory.

Figure 2. Average Surface Temperature for Cotton Fields in 2012

Figure 3. Average Surface Temperature for Milo Fields in 2012

(Continued from page 25)


70

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Drip Irrigation (11 fields)

Flood Irrigation (10 fields)

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Figure 4. Average Surface Temperature for Corn Fields in 2012

Results of analysis of relative temperature differences, relative differences in NDVI (a vegetation index which is a measure of greenness

and a proxy for biomass), and differences in estimates of consumptive use (ET) all indicate that drip-irrigated fields are consuming more water than flood-irrigated fields. Relative temperatures showed that, on average, drip-irrigated fields were cooler during the 2012 growing

season than flood-irrigated fields, indicating more water consumption. Likewise, analysis of relative NDVI showed that drip-irrigated fields

were characterized by more biomass, and hence higher yields. So while more water was being consumed by drip-irrigated fields, yields were higher. An application of the METRICTM model further confirmed the results based on analysis of temperature and NDVI. Using a

regression method to relate relative ET fraction (ETrF) to NDVI, an estimate was calculated for ET over a portion of the growing season to get a quantitative sense of differences in water consumption between drip- and flood-irrigated fields. Results indicated 8–16% more water

usage by drip-irrigated fields for the period June 15–August 15, 2012.

When one considers these results versus known irrigation efficiencies, it becomes clear why this is the case. Flood irrigation is generally considered to be approximately 60% efficient. That is, 60% of the water that is applied is expected to be consumed, while 40% of the water

is expected to return to the subsurface via return flows. Drip irrigation is generally considered to be approximately 90% efficient, with 90%

of applied water expected to be consumed by the crop, while only 10% goes back to the subsurface via return flows. While drip irrigation may decrease the total amount of water applied to a field, it likely increases overall consumption. Simply put, drip irrigation is a very effi-

cient means of applying water directly to plant roots, and results in more robust crop growth, higher yields, and hence more water consump-tion for situations where the water supply is limited. While this study did not directly measure crop yield, an evaluation of relative crop

yield via a vegetation index (NDVI) was performed, which clearly showed more biomass (and generally higher yield) associated with drip-

irrigated fields. This relationship is more relevant for crops such as alfalfa, where the total biomass is being harvested, but may not always reflect yield for crops where only a portion of the plant is being harvested (e.g. cotton). It follows logically that higher crop yields are the

result of higher water consumption; more water is needed to produce more yield.



A significant question relative to the groundwater basin and overall water usage is, what is the fate of the return flows? The answer to that

question has bearing on evaluating the impact of conversion to drip irrigation on the overall water balance in the basin. If the return flows from flood irrigation are indeed returning to the groundwater table at depths of 100 feet or more below ground surface, then for a given

field, conversion to drip irrigation and using the same or similar diversion will result in less return flow and hence less water back to the

underlying aquifer. However the nature and timing of how return flows migrate back to the aquifer in this basin is not known with certainty

and may deserve further study to better understand some of the nuances of interpreting the results from this study.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The study was funded by the NM ISC. The authors would like to thank Mr. Craig Roepke from NM ISC for motivating and agreeing to

fund this study. We would also like to thank NM OSE Mimbres River Water Masters Mr. Bryan Stevenson and Mr. Adam Polley for their

support and guidance.

David Jordan, PE INTERA Incorporated, 6000 Uptown Boulevard, Suite 220, Albuquerque, NM 87110; [email protected].

Dr. Richard Allen, PE Kimberly Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, 3793 N. 3600 E. Kimberly, ID 83341; [email protected].

Dr. Guillermo Martinez INTERA Incorporated, 1812 Centre Creek Dr., Suite 300, Austin, TX 78754; [email protected].

Amber Whittaker, GIT INTERA Incorporated, 6000 Uptown Boulevard, Suite 220, Albuquerque, NM 87110; [email protected].

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Impacts of September 2013 Flooding in New Mexico (Story Map) Michael Camponovo

In coordination with the USACE, NWS, NMFMA, and NMDHSEM, EDAC created an interactive story map about the impacts of flooding

from the September 2013 rain event. The story map contains pictures, videos, static maps, interactive maps, and image sliders related to the

event. We would like to extend a special thank you to the Albuquerque offices of the National Weather Service and the US Army Corp of

Engineers for providing material and feedback on the story map.

To learn how to create your own story map, visit http://storymaps.arcgis.com/en/. There are also two open source alternatives available

from CartoDB (http://cartodb.github.io/odyssey.js/) and Northwestern University’s Knight Lab (http://storymap.knightlab.com/).

T H E MAP LEGEND

ESRI SWUC December 2-4 2014 Michael Camponovo

The City of Santa Fe hosted the ESRI Southwest User Conference December 2-4. The conference was well

attended by many members of the geospatial community. Jack Dangermond of ESRI opened the plenary ses-

sion and was followed by several New Mexico organizations including the City of Albuquerque and the Trust

for Public Land demonstrating GIS products and services.

The New Mexico Office of the BLM won the Maps and Apps gallery. ESRI demonstrated many new and up-

dated features from their ArcGIS Platform including ArcGIS Online, the JavaScript based App Builder, and

their new Open Data Portal. Presentations were made by private companies and public agencies highlighting

technologies like drones and UAV’s and automating tasks through model builder.

In addition, numerous people took advantage of the ESRI hands-on learning lab. Several people attended the

ConnectEd session to learn more about how to be a Geo Mentor and how to better coordinate with local

schools.

The closing session by Dr. Eric Bernard, UNM School of Landscape Design, highlighted the use of geospatial

techniques and modeling for large scale landscape and climate change applications. The next SWUC will be

held in Phoenix, January 2016.

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GIS Day 2014—NM Highlands University

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T H E MAP LEGEND

NMGIC Twitter Feed : http://twitter.com/NMGIC_Inc

NMGIC Facebook :: http://facebook.com/NMGIC_Inc

Radical Cartography! www.radicalcartography.net

What does your favorite projection say about you? http://xkcd.com/977/

Park or Bird? http://parkorbird.flickr.com/

Napoleon's March on Moscow: http://storymaps.esri.com/templates/development/stable/geoblog/?appid=42459c24

c8a44f328e55c9043bf26208

INTERA projects:

http://www.spokanecounty.org/utilities/westplainswells/

http://www.spokanecounty.org/utilities/westplainsgeology/

http://higrv.hanford.gov/Hanford_Reports/Hanford_PT_Report/index.html#

http://higrv.hanford.gov/Hanford_Reports/Hanford_GW_Report/index.html#

Los Alamos Technical Associates

http://www.lata.com/

NMGIC Member submitted Websites

http://www.radicalcartography.net

http://xkcd.com/977/

http://parkorbird.flickr.com/

http://storymaps.esri.com/templates/development/stable/geoblog/?appid=42459c24c8a44f328e55c9043bf26208

http://storymaps.esri.com/templates/development/stable/geoblog/?appid=42459c24c8a44f328e55c9043bf26208

http://www.spokanecounty.org/utilities/westplainswells/

http://www.spokanecounty.org/utilities/westplainsgeology/

http://higrv.hanford.gov/Hanford_Reports/Hanford_PT_Report/index.html

http://higrv.hanford.gov/Hanford_Reports/Hanford_GW_Report/index.html

T H E MAP LEGEND

This Mystery Photo was taken somewhere here in New Mex-ico. Can you identify the loca-

tion?

Contact Rick Koehler with your

answer—win a prize!

2014 Winter Mystery

Photo

From Editor’s Desk

Greetings Map Legend Readers,

The Fall issue turned into the Winter issue, but it is out before 2015! Thanks to

all NMGIC sponsors and contributors who helped me with content. Lets all look

forward to the spring issue, and start thinking about your contribution.

Jason Fink

[email protected]

2015 Membership Form

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