map of china population: 1.3 billion; territory: 9.6 million km 2 numbers of city: 663 urbanisation...
TRANSCRIPT
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MAP OF CHINA
Population: 1.3 billion; Territory: 9.6 million Km2 Numbers of City: 663 Urbanisation 40%
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Government Administrative System
Th
e State C
oun
cil
28 Min
istries or C
omm
ission
10 State B
urea
us &
37 Institu
tions an
d A
gents
28 Provincial Governments,
or Autonomy Administrative Regions Governments
Some Bureau under direct leadership by the Ministries, e.g., Bureau of State Tax,
Industrial & Commercial Administrations
4 Metropolises under direct jurisdiction
Municipal Governmentsat Prefecture level
16 Cities at Quasi- Provincial level
Dept. of Different Functions
Urban Districts Governments
Counties Governments
Governments of Small Cities or Towns under ju
risdiction
Bureaus of Different Functions
Rural local G
overnments
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Transition to Market Oriented Economy in China
• Devolution
• Marketisation
• Globalisation
Associated withRapid economic developmentUrbanisation
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Devolution
• City becomes key player in the social and economic development, and the main competitor in the global economy;
• Separation of Ownership and Operation in the State Owned Enterprises;
• Devolution and separation of of fiscal and investment system
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Revenues and Expenditure between Central and Local Governments
Revenue and Expendi ture
0. 010. 020. 030. 040. 050. 060. 070. 080. 090. 0
100. 0
Year
Perc
enta
ge
Central Government Expendi tureLocal Government Expendi tureCentral Government RevenueLocal Government Revenue
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Marketisation
• Private Business takes 65% of total GDP. This ration will increase to 75% by 2010
• In 2001, private business employed 22 million. The number of private business took 70% of total enterprises of whole country.
• In many cities, 76% of investment comes from private loans, only 24% from state commercial banks, e.g., Wenzhou.
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Globalisation
050
100150200250
300350400450500
19
79-1
983
198
4
198
5
198
6
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
Forei gn Loans FDI Val ueOther Forei gn I nvestment
Open Door policy since late 1970s Incremental integration in the international economy Involvement of FDI and its significance in the domestic
economy
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Major Co-urban Areas in China
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Main Index of The Three Main Co-urban Area in 2000
Population
('000)
Area
(Km2)
GDP
(100 million Yuan)
GDP Per Capita
(Yuan/person)
FDI
(100 million US Dollar)
Beijing-Tianjin-Tanshan
30970 48629 5402 17442 17442
Yangtze River Delta
69050 92937 14800 21433 21433
Pearl River Delta
25640 54747 7522 29336 29336
Percentage in Whole Nation
9.92 2.04 31.0 -- --
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Co-urban Area with Shanghai as its Core in Yangtze River Delta
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Urban Development Tendency in Pearl River Delta
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Rapid Urbanisation and Industrialisation
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Beijing, Capital of China
• Population:14.56 million
• Total area: 16,800 Km2
• 18 million by 2020
• 20,000 persons/Km2 in urban area;
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Main Distributor Road Map and Ring Roads
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A new of 7 million population from 300000 residents in 2 decades
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Small town with informal business
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Modern citybut where it should go nex
t?
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Urbanisation Promoted by Industrialisation
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Urbanisation with Township and Rural Industriali
zation
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Problems and Challenges in China
• Poor capacity in technology innovation. Objective has been decided to have “Designed or Invented in China” instead of “Made in China”
• Critical conflict between environmental capacity and economic development, especially process of industrialisation.
• Great risk of unemployment.• Unbalance regional development and polarisation
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THANKS
!