mapping and predicting flood inundation in tnmapping and predicting flood inundation in tn...
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Mapping and Predicting Flood Inundation in TN
Geohazards Impacting Transportation in the Appalachian Region – 11th Annual Technical Forum
Chattanooga, TN – August 3, 2011David LaddScott GainShannon WilliamsRodney KnightUSGS Tennessee WSC
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Problem
Two major flood events in Tennessee since May 2010
Emergency responders and the general public need accurate information quickly
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BackgroundMay 2010
Lower Cumberland 15 to 20
inches Limited flood
storage Historic
flows at most tribs.
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BackgroundNashville
Cumberland River Old Hickory Dam (mile 215) Downtown Nash. (mile 190) Cheatham Dam (mile 151)
Tribs. 6 small urban tribs
Mansker Creek Dry Creek Mill Creek Browns Creek Richland Creek Whites Creek
Stones R. (Regulated) Harpeth River (870 sq mi.)
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$#!**@&^!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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New Collaborative EffortMultiple Agencies
Modeling, HWMs, Flood Report
Forecasting
GIS & Mapping
Real-time data
Others
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USGS/USACE/NWS/Metro Nashville
USGS Install new gages along the Cumberland River USACE model hydraulics of main stem and
tributaries NWS improve prediction models and
communications USGS deliver real-time inundation maps Metro Nashville, OEM develop applications
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Gaging on the Cumberland River(Nashville)
1. Old Hickory TW (mile 215) USACE*2. At Dry Creek (mile 213)3. At Stones River (mile 205)4. At Old Lock #2 (mile 200)5. US of Downtown Nash. (mile 193)6. Downtown (mile 190) USACE/USGS*7. DS of Downtown Nash. (mile 184)8. At Whites Creek (mile 182)
*existing gages
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Inundation Between Paired Gages
Linear slope sections
Evenly spaced stage gages
Cascading gage pairs
Pair A
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Building Map Libraries
Create inundation maps between gage pairs at 1-foot intervals
Pair X-X 33 34 35 36 3730 33-30 34-30 35-30 NA NA31 33-31 34-31 35-31 36-31 NA32 33-32 34-32 35-32 36-32 37-3233 33-33 34-33 35-33 36-33 37-3334 NA 34-34 35-34 36-34 37-3435 NA NA 35-35 36-35 37-35
Upstream stage
Downstream stage
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Creating Inundation Maps
Linear profiles in sections along center line Cross-sectional controls Surface interpolation with boundaries Intersection with LiDAR (or best elevation
data) Validation against modeled surfaces
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NHD center line withProfile
Gage pair 5-6
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Interpolation region Gage pair 5-6
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Gage pair 5-6
Elevation surface interpolation
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Inundation surface(extent and depth)
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Validation against modeled surfaces
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May flood peak (52 ft)
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May flood peak (52 ft)
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ToolsMetro Nashville Flood Mapping Tool
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ToolsUSGS Flood Mapping Tool (Beta)
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Tracking Hydrographs
Pair 5-6
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Simulation
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BackgroundApril-May 2011
Mississippi River
Extensive rains in April flooded W TN tribs
Additional rain in early May and upstream snowmelt flooded the Mississippi River in TN
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BackgroundWest Tennessee
Mississippi River Levees protect much of the
adjacent land
Tribs. Obion River Forked Deer – North,
Middle, and South Forks Hatchie River Big Creek Loosahatchie River Wolf River Nonconnah Creek
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• The USGS worked with FEMA, USACE, NWS, and local agencies to provide emergency real-time stage data in Shelby County
• Stage data assisted NWS with forecasts
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FEMA / USGS Cooperation
The USGS… Collected high-water marks in emergency areas Used high-water mark and gage data to map inundation Separate data for the April / May events (where
necessary) Process inundation surfaces for both separately Merge the results
FEMA used data for emergency assistance and to assess damage Timing is important
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High-water mark
gage
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• Linearly interpolate along center lines using high water marks and gage peaks for Miss. R. flooding and tribbackwater
• Constrain surface interpolation using boundary polygon
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• Mississippi River flood extent and depth (from early May 2011)
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• Same process for tributary flooding
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• Tributary flooding (late April 2011)
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• Combination of both
Field verification – water stayed within levee
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Conclusions
Using GIS techniques… flooding analysis can be conducted in advance to
predict inundation under certain stream/river stage conditions
map libraries can be built and served to depict real-time/predicted inundation
in combination with sufficient gage/HWM control, inundation extent and depth can be mapped quickly without the use of complex models
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Questions