mapping social networks to address family planning use global health mini-university 2014
TRANSCRIPT
Mapping Social Networks to
Address Family Planning Use
Global Health Mini-University 2014
GOAL: Reduce unmet need for family planning in intervention areas (2 health zones of Couffo, Benin)
RESEARCH TO: • Develop and test social
network interventions to overcome socio-cultural barriers to family planning use
• Understand the dynamic nature of unmet need
PARTNERS: • Institute for Reproductive
Health • CARE• Plan International
TÉKPONON JIKUAGOU
• Social Network: « … a group of social entities, whether individuals or organizations, linked together through social interactions.>>
• Focuses on relationships, not individuals
• Based on empirical evidence that highly interconnected, centrally located individuals adopt innovations more quickly
SOCIAL NETWORK APPROACH
WHY A SOCIAL NETWORK APPROACH?• Research shows social barriers are principal
factors contributing to unmet need for FP: Partner/community disapprovalLack of communication about FPMisconceptions about FP methods
• Individuals interact with, learn from, and get information from others
Therefore, social networks can influence and support diffusion of
information and new ideas about FP
SOCIAL NETWORKS INFLUENCE DIFFUSION THROUGH….
Social Learning
Members of a network exchange ideas and information; they evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of an innovation
Social Influence
Members of a network serve as “guardians” of social norms in order to gain approval and avoid conflict
Connectors have the shortest path to others. hey are gatekeepers,
brokers, control the flow, liaise between cliques.
Influencers are the most nominated individuals in a
network. They have direct influence on
more people.
CONNECTORS & INFLUENCERS
Classic Network Mapping – Data Collection
Identify each person in the village, who they link with, and who they influence
Isolate
Women
MenPeople whe were mentioned
Size of the square = Influence
Influencer
Connecter
Analyzed with Unicet software
• To understand connections and village social dynamics
• To identify influencers and connectors with whom to work
Generate a Social Network Map
• Participatory mapping of key social organizations and community resources and identification and ranking of influential groups and individuals
• Mapping activities and analysis designed to ensure multiple social perspectives:
• women• men• youth • socially marginalized
COMMUNITY SOCIAL MAPPING – DATA COLLECTION
Generate qualitative socially-focused information to:
• learn about groups and formal and informal leaders
• gain understanding of the social organization of a community
• help outsiders understand which groups and individuals are well-connected and respected and influence the spread of ideas and attitudes
• Guide decisions about which groups and people to work with
Community social mapping provides a practical translation of classic social network mapping
SOCIAL NETWORKS influential social groups
OPINION LEADERS Influential People
CONNECTORS & INFLUENCERS Among influential people and groups identified
Need for practical tool to rapidly identify influential groups and individuals for social network-based
approaches!
• Meetings with local authorities to introduce project and initial participation
• Preparations for mapping activities
Step 1: Community Introduction
Step 2: Community identification of potential
influential groups using matrix ranking techniques
1. Name2. Type of activities3. Sex4. Age range 5. Size 6. Meeting
frequency 7. Links with others8. Influence
Staff review matrix rankings to select potential women’s, men’s, and mixed sex groups for engagement with TJ
Influence
Connectivity
Meeting Frequenc
ySize Age
Range
Step 3: Selection of groups with diffusion-potential based on
community analysis
• Learn about a community’s social dynamics and organization
• Identify socially-influential people, particularly in areas of health and social well-being
Step 4: Community development of a social map and listing of influential individuals
Staff meet with selected groups and influentials
• Assess FP attitudes using a series of questions
• Confirm their influence in the community through participatory Venn diagramming
• Ascertain interest in working on issues of unmet need and family planning – and with TJ Project
G₂
G₃G₁
GV
G1: Information exchange within group. G2: Some shared decision-making G3: Strong shared decision-making
Step 5: Validation
ADD DIVIDING SLIDE: METHODS
SOCIAL NETWORK VS.COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION APPROACHES
Social network – Groups and
reflective dialogue
Other social mobilization approaches
1. Work with a few strategically selected groups (3/village)
2. The group animater (catalyser) chosen by members
3. Focus on reflective dialogue, with expectation of outward diffusion of focus themes
4. Project follows rhythm of group schedule
1. Groups often established by project and often only target women
2. Choice of groups and discussion leaders not linked to their social network potential
3. Focus on subject (messages), with expectation of individual-level change only
4.Groups follow schedule established by project
COMPARISON: GROUPS
APPROACH: INDIVIDUALS
Social network – Influential
individuals and commitments to
action
Other FP social mobilization approaches
1.Work with a few (about 5 per village) influential individuals identified by community (formal and non-formal)
2. Allow persons to identify their own actions and commitments to address issues related to unmet need for FP
1. Influential leaders identified by the project (often formal leaders)
2.Leaders expect support and project coodination in the community.
CONCLUSION: SERVICES
Social network – network
connections to FP services
Other FP social mobilization approaches
• Seeks to connect CHWs with FP knowledge to groups
• Aim to create personal relationships with influential groups to encourage diffusion and provide accurate FP information
• Often focus on home visits and broad community sensitization
• Aim to encourage extension of information and services to other communities
LEARN MORE & DOWNLOAD www.irh.org/projects/tekponon_jikuagou/
Baseline formative research Guide to Community Mapping
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