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Marc Prensky

[email protected]

www.marcprensky.com

© 2011 Marc Prensky© 2011 Marc Prensky

AAIE — 45th

ANNUAL CONFERENCE

21ST

CENTURY SKILLS:

PERHAPS NOT WHAT YOU THINK

February 12, 2011

San Francisco, CA

© 2011 Marc Prensky

To get the slides:

Please visit my web site at

www.marcprensky.com

send an email to:

[email protected]

2012



20052001 2010

2011

DIGITAL

WISDOM

THE

FIVE

SKILLS

FRAME-

WORK


1. How can we get our students more

engaged in their learning?

Guiding Questions

2. What is the role of the teacher in

the 21st

century classroom?

3. What is the role of technology in

21st

century learning?


Guiding Questions

4. How do we move toward the future?

while preserving the good from the past,

and still teaching the old curriculum?

5. How and what should we be

teaching 21st

century students?

6. What technology should we (and

shouldn’t we) invest in?

Too many politicians and

educational ―reformers‖ are

looking to the past,

hoping that

the old, 20th

century education

can somehow be made

to work again…


But it can’t.

Because…

the

context has changed!

The

new context

for education

is that


accelerating

We all live in an era of

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYIOIM6hHBk

In their lifetimes,

our kids will see technology

become

ONE TRILLION

times more powerful


1,000,000,000,000 TIMES

(240

)


1960’s

main-

frame

x 1B =

Today’s

Cell

phone

???x 1T =

…and today we are already

working at the

atomic level


1989


Human hair

Nanomachine

Today


CH

AN

GE

YEARS© 2011 Marc Prensky

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Technology 1 trillion

times more powerful

Machines more

powerful than the

human brain

Control of machines

Directly with our minds

Implanted /Wearable

Real-time environments

Mobile phone

wallets

Change will go much farther

and faster than we think

In the lifetimes of our kids


Today,

NEW TOOLS COME FAST…

• Sped-up video

• Picture Search

• IM/texting

• Blogs

• Wikis

• Wikipedia

• Podcasting

• Phone polling

• My Space

• Handhelds

• P2P

• Complex Games/Sims

• Web 2.0

• Web 3.0

• Augmented Reality

• Phone cameras

• Phone videos

• GPS

• You Tube

• MoSoSo


AND GO FAST…

• Sped-up video

• Picture Search

• IM/texting

• Blogs

• Wikis

• Wikipedia

• Podcasting

• Phone polling

• My Space

• Handhelds

• P2P

• Complex Games/sims

• Web 2.0

• Web 3.0


• Phone cameras

• Phone videos

• GPS

• You Tube

• MoSoSo

And the kids

thrive on this…


―Why do we have to

adapt to the past? Why

shouldn’t we be taught to

in different ways!‖

– A student


[we (our kids) were]

―born to the idea

of rapid change‖

-- Nicola Griffith in Slow River (1995)


…but

we weren’t!


For many of us, change is happening

so fast

it’s

SCARY© 2011 Marc Prensky

Some may think that

―we don’t

have

to keep up‖

becuase

We are the

―Guardians

of the Past‖


But if we really

care about the

kids we teach


What we

really need to do

as educators



is to

bring our kids

into the future!

So they can

function and thrive

in the 21st

century


And they are

counting on us

to do this!


my first message

Get prepared for, and

plan for

continuous change,

and

stay flexible

―We need to

show reverence

for the past,,

but not live in it‖

— Deborah Needleman


Think about not only

how to be

―traditional‖ or even

―current,‖

but how to be

NEW EVERY YEAR


―How often

should we

change our

teaching style

in order to

hold your

interest?‖

-- teachers


―Every

day‖

-- students


WORRIED?

Don’t be!


Taken by Sky, Age 3½

I am here


To help you

deal with it…


…and still stay sane!


My second message

is that

There are ways of both

preserving the past

and

moving to the future



Nouns

(Tools)

Powerpoint

Verbs

(Skills)

Presenting

Change rapidlyStay the same

EmailCommunicating

WikipediaLearning

Flash

Texting

You Tube????

Verbs vs. Nouns

Twitter

• Being rigorous


VERBS

Stay the same

• Creating Emotion

• Communicating

• Presenting logically

• Thinking critically

• Understanding Context

• Persuading

AnalyzingCalculatingCollaboratingCombiningCommunicatingComparingCompetingConnectingCooperatingCreatingDebatingDeciding Estimating

PredictingPresentingQuestioning, Socratic (i.e. thought-provoking)

ReflectingSearching / FindingSharingSimulatingThinking criticallyThinking logicallyTryingVerifyingWriting


Ethical Questioning

EvaluatingExperimentingExploringImitatingInnovatingLeadingListeningNegotiatingNetworkingObservingPracticing

VERBS

• BlackboardsElectronic Boards

NOUNS

Change


• Clickersmobile phones

• LaptopsNetbooks

• OverheadsPPTFlash

• Books Videos

• Mobile PhonesiPhones

• FaceBookTwitter?


What are the key

verbs (skills)

we want our students

to learn, practice and

master?

We must ask:


―Am I using the

appropriate / best /

latest nouns

for the verbs (skills)

I am teaching?‖

We must ask:

and we need to


be ready and

be flexible enough

to move to new nouns

as they appear


Cell Phone

www

Facebook

Twitter

Apps

4.0 B users *

1.5 B users

1 B views / day

1 B tweets/yr

1 B downloads

50 yrs

20 yrs

6 yrs

3 yrs

1 yr

You Tube 1 B views / day5 yrs

Texting 8 B m/day15 yrs

Google 3 B srchs/day10 yrs

Accelerated Speed of Adoption

(race to the billions)

* Rough approximations. Source: Wikipedia


My third message:

The latest digital tools

ARE REQUIRED

for all our students

We are

all moving

to something

NEW


Digital

Natives

Digital

Immigrants

??


The world is

―birthing‖

a new type of

person…


…who requires

digital tools

to live and work


―H. sapiens digital‖


―The Digitally Wise Person‖


Wisdom

requires

digital tools

―What do you

mean

requires?‖



H. Sapiens required tools

Cars

Eyeglasses

Timepieces

Money

Keys

Clothing

Black or White Boards

Paper, Pens, Pencils

Books


H. Sapiens Digital’s

required tools?

All of the above, plus

Computer

Network

Mobile phone

IM

GPS

etc.


Because there are things our

brains do well,

and things machines do better

Why?


Things our brains

do well

• We reason

• We reflect and contemplate

• We combine reason and emotion

• We solve problems

• We learn from experience

• We work with other people

• We create

• We store and retrieve

• We build up expertise

• We have empathy

• We have a sense of context

• We have a sense of humor

• We tell stories

• We lie


Things our brains

do LESS well

• We make decisions based on only a portion of the

available data.

• We make assumptions, often inaccurate, about the

thoughts or intentions of others.

• We depend on educated guessing and verification (the

traditional scientific method) to find new answers.

• We are limited in our ability to predict the future and

construct what-if scenarios.

• We cannot deal well with complexity beyond a certain

point.

• We cannot see, hear, touch, feel, or smell beyond the

range of our senses.

• We find it difficult to hold multiple perspectives

simultaneously.

• We have difficulty separating emotional responses from

rational conclusions.

• We forget.


Those things our

BRAIN DOES

WELL

WISDOM,

in the 21st

century

means combining

Those things that

MACHINES DO

BETTER

with


―My phone is my

third hand‖

-- a high school student


―If I lose my cell

phone I lose half

my brain‖

-- a high school student


―In olden days

you had to

memorize phone

numbers‖

-- a 10-year-old student

A central problem

for the future of education is

What do we keep in

our heads,

and what do we delegate to

machines

?


But however we resolve this,

our kids

need

digital tools


―We grow up interacting

– through computers and

through our cell phones –

and that’s how we learn.

– A student



Our students require

Network

Communicate

Present

Understand

Learn

the latest/best ways to:

to achieve intellectual

proficiency in a digital world

How many of you have

put in email for your students?

―Email is for

old people‖

– A student


– A headline in The Chronicle of Higher Education


Technology is becoming

more and more

DISPOSABLE

and will soon need to

change every year!

Today, we should be giving

i-touches (or an equivalent)

to all our students!

Every day our kids have to

wait

to use 21st century tools© 2011 Marc Prensky

Is another day we are

denying our kids

their birthright


as citizens of the

early 21st

century

And as for outdated

policies of

banning new technologies,

we need to understand that


―Every turned-off

device is a turned-

off kid.‖

— Stephen Heppell

Right now our policies

are a lot more about

when NOT to use tools

than about

how to use tools to

enhance kids’ education


START ALLOWING

CELL PHONES

(and using them educationally)

Many schools are already doing this

successfully


evaluating students

with their tools!


Our teachers need to start

e.g., by giving


―Open Phone‖

Tests!!


―Most of our tests ARE

open phone tests – you

guys just don’t know

it!‖

– A Student


BUT…


Do

digital tools

lead automatically to

learning?


or engagement?

or wisdom?

and that’s where

educators

come in


NO!

Although some think

adding technology

is the answer

to getting engagement


…or learning


…or even wisdom


You can add all the

digital technology

in the world


And it won’t help

much…


If it’s not well-integrated

with the pedagogy

(i.e. with the learning

and teaching)



So let’s talk about

Changing

HOW

we teach



We need to all move to

a better pedagogy…


…than just mainly

―telling‖

―My teachers

just talk and

talk and talk.‖

-- students everywhere



I call this better pedagogy

PARTNERING


But it goes by many

names


You may know it as:

Active Learning

Collaborative Learning

Case-Based Learning (CBL)

Problem-Based Learning (PBL)

Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL)

Student-Centered Learning

Learning by Doing

Challenge-Based Learning

it’s all basically the same!

Those are all

essentially

brand names

for the same thing,

i.e.


For teachers and

students

to work together

effectively in the

21st century,


they need to

PARTNER

in a new way



• Use technology

• Find content

• Create

Where we

SHARE THE WORK

• Ask questions

• Add quality & rigor

• Put into context

Students do

what they do well

Teachers do

what they do well


Old Way

Students

being

told

Better Way

Students

teaching

themselves

(with our coaching

and guidance)

BOREDOM ENGAGEMENT

How should we teach?


What is the role of

the 21st

century

teacher?

Lecturer

Controller

―Ruler‖


Coach

Guide

Partner

21st

Century Pedagogy =

a move from:

to

1 2 3 4 5

Remember,

in the twenty-first

century…


Tools

are changing


and…


Teachers

are a tool

for educating kids


Teachers need to

change into a

21st

century tool,

too!


―I used to teach my

subject—

now I teach my

students‖

— An experienced teacher


―All I do is

Partner‖

— An experienced teacher



What is the role of

technology in the

21st

century?

Technology’s Role

is

to support the

partnering pedagogy

(i.e. students teaching themselves with

their teachers’ coaching and guidance)


Technology

DOES NOT and CANNOT

SUPPORT

the pedagogy

of lecturing and telling

(―direct instruction‖)

except in the most minimal of ways:

i.e. pictures and videos

Gibralter

If a teacher is lecturing or telling,

adding technology

to a classroom can actually

HINDER

engagement and learning!


Seeing No Progress, Some Schools Drop Laptops

So the Liverpool Central School District, just outside Syracuse, has decided to phase out

laptops starting this fall, joining a handful of other schools around the country that adopted

one-to-one computing programs and are now abandoning them as educationally empty — and

worse.

LIVERPOOL, N.Y. — The students at Liverpool High have used their school-issued laptops to

exchange answers on tests, download pornography and hack into local businesses. When the

school tightened its network security, a 10th grader not only found a way around it but also

posted step-by-step instructions on the Web for others to follow (which they did). …

May 4, 2007


So there is a key

PREREQUISITE

to adding and using

technology:


BEFORE

technology can

really help learning…


Teachers must


their pedagogy…

To

PARTNERING


A manual for switching to partnering


Yes, our teachers need to

be using

the latest tools…


NEW TOOLS• Sped-up video

• Picture Search

• IM/texting

• Blogs

• Wikis

• Wikipedia

• Podcasting

• Phone polling

• Social Nets

• Handhelds

• P2P

• You Tube

• Web 2.0 (Participatory)

• Web 3.0 (Semantic)


• Phone cameras

• Phone videos

• GPS

• Games & Simulations

• MoSoSo


But only

in the right context

i.e. in support of the

Partnering Pedagogy

So my fourth message

Focus Professional

Development on

CHANGING PEDOGAGY

first


And let the kids use the

technology to take off!


How should

teachers use

technology tools?


―A lot of teachers

think they make a

PowerPoint and

they’re so

awesome!‖

-- a (female) high school junior


―But it’s just like

writing on the

blackboard!‖

-- a (female) high school junior


(The stress-reducing bit)

―THE PRENSKY APOSTASY‖


It’s important that teachers

DON’T WASTE THEIR TIME

Learning to Create With New Tools,

(unless they want to)


because…


The students can do that!

(and they want to)

―Don’t try to keep

up with the

technology

-- you can’t‖

– A 15 year old girl


―You’ll only look

stupid.‖

– A 15 year old girl



Teachers should never

use the technology

FOR their students!

RULE #1

3D PRINTER


Changing

WHAT

we teach



CURRICULAR

CHANGE

i.e.


Any curricular change

must begin with

CURRICULUM

DELETION

CORE

SKILLS

Additional

Twenty-first

Century Skills

we don’t even have time for

what we try to do now!

We can’t just add more on top,

we have to delete,

because


―RELEVANT‖

=

REAL


What should today’s

students learn?

If we are educating our

students


for the rest

of their lives…

We need to teach

behaviors and skills

that will be

useful

throughout life


I propose we teach


3 C’s


• Character and Passion

• Communication and

Problem Solving

• Creation and Skills

Three Examples


Example 1:

STUDENT PASSIONS


What fuel best

motivates today’s

kids to learn?



Sports

Space

Dance

CoinsHistory

Singing

Writing

Nature

Music

Medicine People

The Environment

Programming

Motorcycles

AnimalsBusiness

The Internet

―Learning

comes from

passion,

not discipline‖

– —Nicholas Negroponte


Do our teachers

know

their students’

passions?



Not enough!

What percent of teachers

know the passion of each of

their students?


Most teachers would say

less than 20 percent

What percent of students

think all their teachers know

their passion?


Almost none

What percent of students

WANT their teachers to

know their passion?


All of them

We need to


Encourage

PASSION-BASED

LEARNING

If tomorrow

every teacher

asked

every kid


―What are

you

passionate

about?‖


And wrote it down and

acted on it

(to connect with students and

individualize instruction)


ALL EDUCATION

would be

light years

ahead


Example 2:

PROBLEM SOLVING


The Five Skills Framework

for Problem Solving

1. Figuring out the right thing to do

• Behaving Ethically

• Thinking Critically

• Analyzing Problems

• Making Good Decisions

• Having Good Judgment


2. Getting it done

• Setting goals

• Planning

• Self-Directing

• Self-Evaluating



for Problem Solving

3. Working with others

Communicating/Interacting:

• With individuals & groups

(especially using technology)

• With Machines (= Programming)

• With a World Audience



for Problem Solving

4. Doing it creatively

• Thinking creatively

• Designing

• Playing

• Finding your voice



for Problem Solving

5. Constantly doing it better

• Being proactive

• Taking Prudent Risks

• Thinking long-term

• Continually improving through

learning



for Problem Solving


If our students know their passion,

and can, in any situation

-- Figure out the right thing to do

-- Get it done

-- Work with others

-- Do it creatively, and

-- Continually do it better

they will succeed,

no matter what the future brings

or throws at them

Example 3:

PROGRAMMING


If we want our students

prepared for the future…


We should be

teaching them

Programming!


(a subject we’ve been almost

entirely missing!)


What IS Programing?


Making a machine

do something you

want it to


What’s different about

digital technology

is that it is

PROGRAMMABLE


i.e.

you can make it do

what YOU want


That’s

what engages kids


What

Needs

Programming?

Almost

Everything!


What needs programming?

• Our communication (web, cell

phones, answering systems, interactive video)

• Our jobs (PCs business systems, decision

support)

• Our schools (administration, sharing,

instruction)

• Our homes (thermostat, alarms,

appliances, DVD, stereo)

• Our recreation (iPod, Tivo, Interactive

TV, Games, Vehicles)

• Our travel (cars: cabin, engine, airplanes)


What needs programming?

• All our subjects

• Math (Problem solving)

• Science (Testing hypotheses)

• Languages (Dictionaries, research

• Social Studies/History (simulations)

• Everything on the Web

•Blogs, Wikis, RSS, Facebook, Games, Mashups

• Anything with a microchip

• faucets, toilets, lights, medical monitors, fee

payments for roads and subways

―Programming is not

essentially a

technological

challenge. It's a

communications

challenge.‖

– Tyson Gill

© 2003 Marc Prensky© 2011 Marc Prensky


Kids know

the same programming

that can make life

better for them…


Can also change

THE WORLD


Kids know

programmers are

helping

shape today’s world…


Bill Gates (Microsoft)

Larry Ellison (Oracle)

Pierre Omydiar (eBay)

Sergei Brin (Google)

Mark Zukerberg (Facebook)


Kids know

that this will be

even more true

for tomorrow’s world

P

R

O

G

R

A

M

M

I

N

G

One Button only

Command Menu

Options

Customization

Tools

High Level Programming Languages

Lower Level Programming Languages

Assembler


There are many ―levels‖ of programming


• Doing a Google search

• Customizing a cell phone

• Creating a playlist

• Making a PowerPoint

• Playing [certain] games

• Writing/customizing apps

• Creating games, multimedia,

machinima, mashups, podcasts, etc.

• Doing art procedurally

are, in fact, programming!

Many things young people already do

on computers, e.g.


As students get comfortable

programming at higher

levels, they often want to

go deeper.

Humanoid Robot Programming Competitions

Today’s

Literate

Person

Write a letter

Write a blog

Write an essay

Author a book

Tomorrow’s

Literate

Person

Create a podcast

Make multimedia

Create a game

Write a Program


Kids know

Programming is the

Key Tool and Literacy

of the

21st Century



and

Kids know

programming can

get them jobs!


= NOW HIRING!


―Video is the

new Text‖--Mark Anderson


Teacher Tube

Big Think

TED Talks

How-to

Buy lots of

―FLIP‖ cams, and…


make the videocam

your best friend


We need to set the bar


HIGH!

Mabry Middle School Video

Bottom Line:


The new world is

coming fast and it’s


SCARY

CH

AN

GE

YEARS© 2011 Marc Prensky

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Technology 1 trillion

times more powerful

Machines more

powerful than the

human brain

Control of machines

Directly with our minds

Implanted /Wearable

Real-time environments

Mobile phone

wallets

Change will go much farther

than we think.

In the lifetimes of our kids:

Which means we

have to change

HOW we teach

and

WHAT we teach



We (and our people)

can either

Feel the fear –

and continue doing

what we’re used to



Or…


We can

―Feel the fear –

and do it

anyway!‖

-- Elizabeth Moon in The Speed of Dark (2003)



Which is the definition of

COURAGE


our job is to

have the

COURAGE

to face the changes

and challenges


And to

enCOURAGE

our schools and

colleagues

to change

The reason

we should be changing

the way we educate our kids


Is because

the context around those kids

is changing

radically and rapidly…


And to be effective educators —

i.e. helpers, guides, coaches, and

preparers of individuals

who will live in that context—

we need to adapt to that new context

ourselves.


Not because

anyone says

―we should‖ or ―we must‖


But rather because

our own self-respect

as professionals,

and our concern for the needs

of the students we teach,

compels us to do no less.



WE HAVE AN

ENORMOUS

OPPORTUNITY


TO HELP

OUR STUDENTS

PREPARE FOR

CHANGE


AND FOR THEIR

21st

CENTURY

LIVES


For our students to learn


the behaviors, skills and

tools of the future,

We need to

PARTNER

WITH OUR STUDENTS

in a new way.


To truly

HELP OUR KIDS,


We will help each student

FIND AND FOLLOW THE

PASSION


that will motivate each of them to

ENGAGE


and learn the

BEHAVIORS &

SKILLS

they need


to

SUCCEED

&THRIVE

in the fast-changing

21st century


And to do that…



we have to

learn how to


engage WITHstudents

about their learning…


and truly

to what they say!

WE CAN NO LONGER

EXCLUDE STUDENTS

from conversations

about their

own education!

Men Women


Once

*median age

Over 25*

Under 25*


Today

Come back next year

and bring with you the

smartest student you

know!

Can people’s

behavior change?


Yes—

If they’re properly

motivated!


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lXh2n0aPyw


To get the slides:

Please visit my web site

www.marcprensky.com

email:

[email protected]

marc prensky - emtech consultingemtechconsulting.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/7/4/12747024/prensky.pdf ·...

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