THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE WEATHER

INITIATIVE

A FOLLOW-ON TO THE INTERNATIONAL HELIOPHYSICAL YEAR (IHY)

March 19, 2012

Joseph M Davila and Nat GopalswamyNASA-Goddard Space Flight Center

Contact: Joseph Davila, 410-979-7329, joseph.m.davila@nasa.govAdditional Information: http://iswi-secretariat.org, http://ihy2007.org

IHY/ISWI Helps Facilitate NASA’s Leadership in International Space Science

• Provides unique science for geospace, heliosphere, and solar physics• Provides inter-agency focus for international space weather development• Supports NASA’s international activities• Leverages foreign science budgets to develop instruments to provide the

unique space weather related data that we need– More than 750 operating instruments in more than 100 countries– 15 instrument arrays donated by 7 countries– 7 UNBSS Workshops organized in 7 countries– 12 Space Science schools– 5 instrument specific training schools

• Developing new data sources for space weather forecasting and nowcasting• Establishes new university based space research groups in non-traditional

countries• Provides new opportunities for graduate research in space physics at BSc,

MSc, and PhD levels• Engages the public (100,000s) in space science outreach worldwide

IHY/ISWI Organization

• Primarily a collaboration between– NASA– United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs

• Established by UN General Assembly resolution in 2005, and 2009

• Supported by the US Department of State

ISWI Objectives • Develop the scientific insight necessary to understand the science, and to

reconstruct and forecast near-Earth space weather – Instrumentation

• Expand and continue deployment of new and existing instrument arrays

– Data analysis • Expand data analysis effort for instrument arrays and existing data bases

– Coordinate data products to provide input for physical modeling• Input instrument array data into physical models of heliospheric processes• Develop data products that reconstruct past conditions in order to facilitate assessment of problems

attributed to space weather effects

– Coordinate data products to allow predictive relationships to be developed• Develop data products to allow predictive relationships that enable the forecasting of Space Weather to be

established• Develop data products that can easily be assimilated into real-time or near real-time predictive models

• Education, Training, and Public Outreach– University and Graduate Schools

• Encourage and support space science courses and curricula in Universities that provide instrument support

– Public Outreach• Develop public outreach materials unique to the ISWI, and coordinate the distribution

ISWI Contributes to Space Weather Studies

Office of Outer Space Affairs World Meteorological Org

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ISWI Participation (Jan 2012)

– 14 Distributed instrument teams observatory program– ~1000 participating locations– More than 100 Countries participating

Principles of the ISWI Instrument Program

• The lead scientist or principle investigator funded by his/her country provides instrumentation (or fabrication plans) and data distribution service

• The host country provides the workforce, facilities, and operational support typically at a local university or research institute.

• Host scientists become part of science team• All data and data analysis activity is shared • All scientists participate in publications and

scientific meetings where possible

Current Instrument ArraysID INSTRUMENT Lead Scientist Country Objective

1 Scintillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA)

K. Groveskeith.groves@hanscom.af.mil(Hanscom AFRL)

USA Study equatorial ionospheric disturbances to aid in the specification and prediction of communications degradation due to ionospheric scintillation in the Earth's equatorial region

2 Ionospheric Tomography Network of Egypt (ITNE) Coherent Ionospheric Doppler Receiver (CIDR)

A. Mahrous amahrous@helwan.edu.eg (Helwan University)T. Garner garner@arlut.utexas.edu (University of Texas)

USA To tomographically reconstruct the ionosphere and to provide input to data assimilation models

3 Atmospheric Weather Education System for Observation and Modeling of Effects (AWESOME ) and Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance monitor (SID)

U. Inan inan@stanford.eduM. Cohen mcohen@stanford.eduD. Scherrerdeborah@solar2.stanford.edu(Stanford University)

USA Lightning, sprites, elves, relation to terrestrial gamma ray flashes, whistler induced electron precipitation, conjugate studies. Education and public outreach.

4 Remote Equatorial Nighttime Observatory for Ionospheric Regions (RENOIR)

J. Makela jmakela@illinois.edu(University of Illinois)

USA Study the equatorial/low-latitude ionosphere/thermosphere system, its response to storms, and the irregularities that can be present on a daily basis

5 African GPS Receivers for Equatorial Electrodynamics Studies (AGREES)

E. Yizengaw (Boston College)ekassie@igpp.ucla.eduM. Moldwin (University Mich)

USA Understand unique structures in equatorial ionosphere, low/mid latitude plasma production, effect of ionospheric and plasmaspheric irregularities on communications

6 African Meridian B-field Education and Research (AMBER)

M. Moldwin (University Mich)mmoldwin@igpp.ucla.eduE. Yizengaw (Boston College)

USA Understand low latitude electrodynamics, ULF pulsations, effect of Pc5 ULF on MeV electron population in inner radiation belts

Current Instrument Arrays (continued)ID INSTRUMENT LeadScientist Country Objective

7 Compound Astronomical Low-cost Low-frequency Instrument for Spectroscopy and Transportable Observatory (CALLISTO)

A.Benzbenz@astro.phys.ethz.chC. Monsteinmonstein@astro.phys.ethz.ch(ETH)

Switzerland Study of radio flares caused by solar activity in view of space weather and climate change

8 South Atlantic Very Low frequency Network (SAVNET)

J.-P. Raulinraulin@craam.mackenzie.br(University Presbiteriana)

Brazil Study of the SAMA region at low ionospheric altitudes and its structure and dynamics during geomagnetic perturbations

9 Magnetic Data Acquisition System (MAGDAS)

K. Yumotoyumoto@serc.kyushu-u.ac.jp(Kyushu University)

Japan Study of dynamics of geospace plasma changes during magnetic storms and auroral substorms, the electromagnetic response of iono-magnetosphere to various solar wind changes, and the penetration and propagation mechanisms of DP2-ULF range disturbances

10 African Dual Frequency GPS Network

C. Amory-Mazaudierchristine.amory@lpp.polytechnique.fr(CETP/CNRS)

France To increase the number of real-time dual-frequency GPS stations worldwide for the study of ionospheric variability, response of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) during geomagnetic storms over the African sector

Current Instrument Arrays (continued)ID INSTRUMENT LeadScientist Country Objective

11 Space Environmental Viewing and Analysis Network (SEVAN)

A.Chillingarianchili@aragats.am(Aragats University)

Armenia A network of particle detectors that aims to improve fundamental research of the particle acceleration in the vicinity of the Sun and the space environment, as well as to provide forewarnings of dangerous consequences of space storms

12 Global Muon Detector Network(GMDN)

K. Munakatakmuna00@shinshu-u.ac.jp (Shinsu University)

Japan To identify the precursory decrease of cosmic ray intensity that takes place more than one day prior to the Earth-arrival of shock driven by an interplanetary coronal mass ejection

13 Flare Monitoring Telescopes (FMT) under the Continuous H-alpha Imaging Network (CHAIN)

S. UeNoueno@kwasan.kyoto-u.ac.jpK. Shibata(Kyoto University)

Japan Time variation and 3D velocity field of solar activity, flares, filament eruptions and shock waves (Moreton waves) by using multi-wavelength H-alpha images of the full-disk Sun.

14 Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imagers (OMTIs)

K. Shikawashiokawa@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp(Nagoya University)

Japan Dynamics of the upper atmosphere through nocturnal airglow emissions http://stdb2.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/omti/index.html

ULF/ELF/VLF network

Lead Scientist: Prof. Colin Price (Tel Aviv University) Israel

Objective: To monitor geomagnetic storms, ionospheric Alfven

resonances, and ULF pulsations

Scientific Benefits: Why do this?

• By observing in new geographical regions, a more global picture of Earth’s response to solar wind inputs can be obtained

• Longitude coverage, 24/7 solar observing in radio and H-alpha, satellite collaboration (C/NOFFS, THEMIS)

• Arrays provide 3D information that can be used in tomographic reconstructions

• Long term these networks will provide real-time data valuable for forecasting and nowcasting

• Modeling improvements will allow better exploitation of existing data sets

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Four Elements of the IHY Program

1. Science of Universal Processes – Coordinated Investigation Programs

(CIPs) Scientific Research 2. Distributed small instrument

program– New observational capability

3. Education, outreach– Promoting space science

4. IGY History preservation – Preserving the history of space

physics

See website at http://ihy2007.org for more information.

Science

HistoryOutreach

Distributed Instruments

Sarah Gibson, David Webb, Barbara Thompson and the WHI team

Whole Heliosphere Interval: Characterizing and Connecting the Solar Minimum

Heliosphere

Results published in a Topical Issue of Solar Physics, December 2011 (Volume 274, Nos. 1 - 2) containing 27 articles

Coherent Ionospheric Doppler Receivers (CIDRs)

• Radio Altimetry and Ephemeris Satellites

– 150/400 MHz Radio Beacon– Ionospheric TEC Correction Data– Egypt-Trevor Gardner (UTAr)

• Advantages over GPS– More accurate, no need for

plasmaspheric corrections by using LEO satellites.

– Can measure the spatial structure of the ionosphere.

– A powerful tool for topographic image of the ionosphere

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Ayman Mahrous

Trevor Gardner

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UN-NASA Workshop Series on IHY

• First Workshop (2005)– UN, ESA, NASA, and UAE sponsored

• Second Workshop (2006)– UN, NASA and India sponsored

• Third Workshop (2007)– UN, JAXA, NASA and Japan

• Fourth Workshop (2008)– UN, ESA, NASA, JAXA, and Bulgaria

• Fifth Workshop (2009)– UN, ESA, NASA, and South Korea

These Workshops were highly successful at establishing new collaborations between instrument providers and hosts

UN ISWI Workshop

• 1st UN ISWI Meeting in Helwan Egypt November 6-10, 2010

• 2nd Workshop in Abuja Nigeria October 17-21, 2011

• 3rd Workshop planned in Quito, Equador October 2012

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ISWI Space Science Schools• 6 Schools organized during the IHY• First ISWI Space Science School in

Bahir Dar University November 2010 in Ethiopia

• Last year:1. Slovakia – Aug2. Kinshasa, RDC - Sept3. Rabat, Morocco – Dec 5-164. Lagos, Nigeria – Aug5. Goa, India (VLF)- Oct

• This year Space Science School and Workshop Sep 17-21 in Indonesia

• New heliophysics Journal “Sun and Geosphere”

• Started by the Black Sea/Baltic/Caspian Sea Group

ISWI Space Science Publications

WHI

(Solar Physics dedicated

volume Dec 2011)

1Ouattara, F., 2 Amory-Mazaudier, C , 3FLEURY, R 4LASSUDRIE DUCHESNE, P. 5BOCK, O. 1 École Normale Supérieure de l’Université de Koudougou, BP 376, Koudougou, Burkina Faso

1fojals@yahoo.fr 2christine.amory@lpp.polytechnique.fr 3 rolland.fleury@telecom-bretagne.eu 4 patrick.lassudrie; 5 olivier.bock

1. Koudougou University GPS station since November 2008

2. Equinoctial asymmetries observed in Niamey GPS station data

Year 2007

From Ouattara Frédéric, PhD State Thesis, 2009

SOME RESULTS DURING IHY CAMPAIGN

GPS antenna

GPS receiver and data acquisition system

One can see the maximum ionization between 1200 LT and 1600 LT centered at 1400 LT

GPS station bulding Year 2008

3. Different kinds of solar events during IHY period

IHY Period: 21 March – 16 April of Year 2008

Shock events: 26-28 March

Quiet events: 30 March-3 April

Fluctuating events: 6-9 April

1st IHY Related PhD Thesis Successfully Defended in Senegal!

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Local Nighttime DaytimeSunrise Local Nighttime

Teacher GIFT Workshops

• Ethiopia– GIFT Teacher workshop sponsored by NASA and

the Houston Museum of Natural History– AWESOME educational space weather monitor

training session.– 1-day, 70 teachers from wide area of Ethiopia– Discovery Dome– “Passport to Knowledge” documentary

• Zambia– 1-day, 20 teachers from wide area of Ethiopia

(teacher strike limited planned attendance of ~100)

– Discovery Dome donated to the Zambian Education Ministry by Houston Museum of Natural History

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International Eclipse Campaigns• 2005 Tunisia

– Public lectures– Interviews– Student trip– Science show for Arab

teens• 2006 Brazil to Russia

– Lectures in Ghana– Scientific trip to Libya– DOS/NASA video

• 2008 China– Scientific observations

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Public Outreach• IHY/DOS supported 30 min TV show

aimed a Arabic youth• 60 min Documentary released on

historic US-Libya eclipse collaboration• “Science Eclipses Politics” (EOS) and

other articles published• World Wide Open Doors day• Traveling exhibits in Germany and

France• Space science event for 50,000

participants in Thailand

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What is Next?• Identify additional instruments for deployment

– We are interested in adding additional experiments to the current list

• Use this new ISWI data for modeling and prediction of Space Weather

• Propose new 3-year plan

Additional information– http://iswi-secretariat.org– Twitter: ISWINews

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