march 2006 jetro japanese market report · 2014-12-26 · market information to overseas companies...
TRANSCRIPT
JJEETTRROO
JJaappaanneessee MMaarrkkeett
RReeppoorrtt
No.77 March 2006
Nanoscale Equipment for Visualization and Measurement
Contents
Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Summary ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 I. Market Overview ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
A. Market Size -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 B. Market Trend------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6
1. Electron Microscope------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 1.1 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) -------------------------------------------- 6 1.2 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) -------------------------------------------------- 8
2. Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM)----------------------------------------------------------10 3. Confocal Laser Scan Microscope (CLSM) -------------------------------------------------13 4. Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscope (NSOM) -------------------------------------15 5. Micro Raman Measurement System--------------------------------------------------------17 6. Particle System Characterization Machine ----------------------------------------------20 7. Focused Ion Beam System (FIB)-------------------------------------------------------------22 8. Surface Smoothness Measurement System ----------------------------------------------24 9. Data Analysis Software-------------------------------------------------------------------------26
C. Industry Map-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28 D. Major Study Projects on Nanotechnology ---------------------------------------------------30 E. Market Prospects------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
1. Current Direction of the Industry -----------------------------------------------------------34 2. Technological Trend of Nanotechnology ---------------------------------------------------37 3. Business Prospect by Product ----------------------------------------------------------------40
II. Laws and Regulations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41 A. Safety Criteria of Laser Beams-----------------------------------------------------------------41 B. Japan Industrial Standard (JIS) ---------------------------------------------------------------43
III. Governmental Measures ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 A. Formation of Basic Program for Science and Technology ------------------------------44 B. Nanotechnology Program-------------------------------------------------------------------------45 C. Nanotechnology Comprehensive Support Project-----------------------------------------47
IV. Business Model and Practice -------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 A. Distribution Channel ------------------------------------------------------------------------------50 B. Typical Business Model in Japan --------------------------------------------------------------51 C. Business Practice in Japan ----------------------------------------------------------------------53
1. Sales Agency System ----------------------------------------------------------------------------53
2. Terms and Conditions of Transaction ------------------------------------------------------54 3. Global Procurement System (Integration of Purchasing Functions) -------------54
V. Market-Entry of Foreign-affiliated Companies---------------------------------------------- 55 A. Trend of Foreign Companies Entered in Japan -------------------------------------------55 B. Major Type of Entering into the Japanese Market ---------------------------------------56 C. Key for Success and Challenges of Foreign-affiliated Companies in Japan ------56
1. Key for Success ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------56 2. Challenges ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------57
VI. Advices for Entering into the Japanese Market ------------------------------------------- 59 A. Establishment of Offices --------------------------------------------------------------------------59 B. Future-Promising Market ------------------------------------------------------------------------60 C. Others---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61
VII. References ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63 A. List of Related Organization/Companies ---------------------------------------------------63 B. List of Related Trade Show(holding periodically)----------------------------------72
Procedures for Investing in Japan--------------------------------------------------------------------73
Introduction
Nanotechnology refers to a technology to create substances which at least one of their
structural properties such as size of a crystal, thickness of a membrane and diameter of a particle is
nano-meter (one billionth of one meter) level and to make computers, communication equipment and
machines of minute size by combining and assembling such substances. In Japan, various types of
nanotechnology are currently under development in such broad field as manufacturing, IT,
biotechnology, medicine, energy and environment. The development and industrial application of
nanotechnologies are steadily progressing in various industrial fields i.e. microfabrication
technology in semiconductor manufacturing process and applied researches of new materials (carbon
nanotube and fullerene).
Nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement that provides atomic and
molecular level observation, manipulation and control supports development of nanotechnology. It
is reasonably considered that present research and development of nanotechnology in Japan have
made such a great advancement because of the development and advancement of such devices i.e.
electron and scanning probe microscopes. In this sense, further development of the devices will
cause a great impact on the future development of new technologies and products in Japan.
The demand of visualization and measurement devices from Japanese research institutes
and each industry is quite high compared to that in other parts of the world, and Japan forms an
attractive market for manufacturers overseas. A survey was conducted this time to provide related
market information to overseas companies which are interested in entering the Japanese market and
to encourage foreign direct investment to Japan.
This report focuses on the following nine product categories by defining them as the
market of nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement, and overviews the shift of the
environment of the market in terms of the market conditions, directions of research and development,
related laws and regulations, business practice and future course of this industry. The nine product
categories include:
a. Electron microscope b. Scanning probe microscope (SPM)
c. Confocal laser scan microscope (CLSM) d. Near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM)
e. Micro Raman measurement system f. Particle system characterization machine
g. Focused ion beam (FIB) h. Surface smoothness measurement system
i. Data analysis software
This report also examines the trend of foreign-affiliated manufacturers already in operation
in Japan to extract and analyze how they entered into Japan and problems they may face, to provide
valuable set of advice for entering into the Japanese market.
This survey report was developed by Yano Research Institute and compiled by JETRO
(Japan External Trade Organization).
1
Summary
In 2004, the size of the market of nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement
in Japan was 54.38 billion yen, up by 13.2% over the previous year, supported by the trend of
increases in research and development and plant investments in Japan. Though the trend was
slightly slowed in 2005 i.e. 57.7 billion yen or up by 6.1% over the previous year, due to the stagnant
plant investment by semiconductor- and electronic-related industries, major demand areas for this
business sector, the market in general may have been shifted steadily.
It is estimated that the market of nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement
in the world reached to 160 billion yen or above in 2004, a third (33.8%) of which was occupied by
the demand from the Japanese market. Japan is considered as the second largest market in the
world next to the U.S.
In terms of product category, scanning electron microscopes occupied 25.4% or 13.8
billion yen in the Japanese market in 2004, followed by focused ion beam (10.2 billion yen) and
confocal laser scan microscope (8.1 billion yen).
The boom of the Japanese market in this business sector, one of the largest markets in the
world is attributable to the demand of these equipment from semiconductor, electronic parts and
devices sectors and strategic support from the Japanese Government toward nanotechnology-related
research and development. After positioning “nanotechnology materials” as one of the four priority
areas in the science and technology basic guidelines setout by the Japanese Government in 2001, as
the general guideline of the nation’s science and technology policies, various projects have been
planned and implemented. The results of such research and development projects are expected to
contribute to creation and advancement of new visualization and measurement equipment.
The ratio of Japanese and foreign-affiliated companies in the market of nanoscale
equipment for visualization and measurement in Japan is 4 to 1 due to the fact that the survey
conducted this time was mainly on manufacturers. Since the market is barely controlled by any
regulations and laws to note, it can be said that the obstacles for foreign manufacturers in entering
the Japanese market is small. According to the survey, the success of entering into the Japanese
market would depend on competitiveness such as product functions and sales competencies.
This report explains the factors impacting on the success of the foreign manufactures in
Japan including (i) advanced product functions, (ii) abundance and diversification of application,
(iii) richness in analysis database and (iv) fast and broad information dissemination. While
Japanese manufacturers have an advantage in responding to meticulous needs of end-users, foreign
manufacturers (as well as Japanese multinational manufacturers) would have an advantage on
cross-boarder research and development and production activities or feedback of global level
epoch-making information to service forces.
In the market of nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement in Japan, many
2
world-famous manufacturers and Japanese companies have been developing various businesses.
There are some companies that will enter in the Japanese market as well. In terms of business
segments, the growth and market occupancy of focused ion beam, electron microscope and surface
smoothness measurement system are both high and future promising for foreign manufacturers to
enter into the Japanese market, judging from the market growth ratio and the share in the world
market from 2003 to 2005.
The sub-market of data analysis software, particle system characterization machine and
Micro Raman measurement system are interesting market in terms of high growth, though their
market share in the world is slightly less than the above products.
3
I. Market Overview
A. Market Size
According to the hearings to major companies, it is estimated that the size of the Japanese
market of nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement reached to 57.7 billion yen (or up
by 6.1% over the previous year) in 2005. Though the growth ratio varies by product (Fig. 3), the
market in general makes a shift backed by the increased investments for research and development
and plant. Since 2003, the market has been making an annual increase of 10.1% annually (in terms
of a simple average).
Fig.1: Changes in the Market Size for Nanoscale Equipment for Visualization and Measurement in
Japan (2003 to 2005)
480.4543.8 577.0
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
2003 2004 2005
(100 million yen)
(year)
Source: Hearing to major companies
Fig.2: Market Size in Japan and the World (2004)
The global market size for nanoscale equipment
for visualization and measurement equipment in 2004 was
160.65 billion yen, and it is estimated that Japan has a
share of approx. 33.8%. It is generally a common
understanding of the major market constituents that the
as
O
Japan543.833.8%As of 2004
(100 million
S
market size in Japan is the next largest to that in the U.S. or
on the par with Europe as a whole. Such a significant
market share of Japan is supported by the fact that it is a
home ground of those equipment in the world added by
that the government supports the research of
nanotechnology and that it has an accumulation of
high-tech companies as end-users of such equipment, such
semiconductor, electric machine, electronic materials, and raw material-related industries.
verseas 1,062.766.2%
yen, %)Overseas
ource: Hearing to major companies
4
Fig. 3: Trend of Market Size in Japan by Product (2003 to 2005)
3,500
1,500
11,600
2,600
2,000
200
7,700
5,450
14,950
8,200
3000
1,360
10,200
2420
1800
200
8,100
5,500
13,800
8,000
2600
1,270
8,150
2100
1650
200
8,000
6,170
11,100
6,800
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000
Software
Surface Measurement
FIB
Particles
Raman
SNOM
CLSM
SPM
SEM
TEM
2005 2004 2003
unit: in million yen
Legend: TEM: Transmission electron microscope SEM: Scanning electron microscope SPM: Scanning probe microscope CLSM: Confocal laser scanning microscope NSOM: Near-field scanning optical microscope Raman: Micro Raman measurement system Particles: Particle system characterizationmachine FIB: Focused ion beam system Surface measurement: Surface smoothness measurement system Software: Data analysis software
Source: Hearings to major companies
5
B. Market Trend This report defines the market of nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement equipment as the 9 product groups as shown in Fig. 3. Each of the 9 groups shows a certain variation in the trend of the respective product market, based on the functions, application and needs of end-users. The following space is dedicated to describe the market size and market trend of each product group. 1. Electron Microscope Unlike an optical microscope that magnifies a subject by the use of visible light ray, an electron microscope does so by shooting electron rays. The electron microscope is widely used for research in the academic domain of physics, chemistry, engineering, biology, clinical medicine and medical researches. The major feature of an electron microscope is that it allows observation under high resolution environment (or the ability of observing minute distance of two separate points as “two points”). The theoretical limit of resolution of an optical microscope is approx. 100 nanometers, whereas, that of an electron microscope, using electron rays, can be 0.3 nanometers, due to the fact that the wave length of an electron beam is shorter than that of visible light rays. Currently, it allows observation of specimen as small as an atom. There are roughly two types of electron microscope; a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). More recently, a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) that is embedded with the features of both types of electron microscopes is also gaining attentions. 1.1 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) A TEM is a microscope that is used to view a specimen through observing magnified electron rays hit and penetrated through it. Shading image of electron rays penetrated and reflected is observed on a fluorescent screen or as a picture image. The volume of electron rays penetrated depends on specimens. The resolution of a current TEM is 0.1 nanometers and the magnification level of it is more than 1 million times.
Fig. 4: Market Size of TEM
mpanies
68.0 80.0 82.0
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
2003 2004 2005 (year)
(100 million yen)
2004(100 million
yen, %)
Japan80
38.1Overseas130
61.9%
Source: Hearings to major co
6
■Market Overview
The size of the TEM market in Japan in 2005 is estimated as 8.2 billion yen or up by 2.5%
over the previous year. From 2003 to 2004, the market significantly grew by 17.6%. However, in
terms of the 2004 - 2005 periods, it remained in slight growth of 2.5% due to the shrinkage of basic
research budgets and other reasons.
In terms of the world market, the Japanese TEM market occupies 38.1% share in 2004, as
estimated.
■Major Field of the Demand
Major demand area of TEMs includes semiconductor, liquid crystals, chemistry (silicone
and polymers), hard discs, memories and carbon materials. In terms of bioscience, medical
treatment, medicine and biology are also among the major demand area.
The ratio of demand from universities and public research institutions and that from
private sector is estimated as 6:4, which is due to the fact that TEMs are often used for basic research
purposes.
■ Factors Driving the Demand
The TEM market has been expanded since the so-to-speak “ nanotechnology boom” of a
few years ago, when it was sold well as a device for basic research purpose to public research
institutions. After the period, the market tends to grow slowly but continuously due to the
following reasons:
(i) Growing needs of TEMS for observing crystal structure of nanotechnology materials and 3D
observation of semiconductors,
(ii) Progress of collaborative and affiliated research and development of private companies and
national research institutions undergoing a course of an independent administrative entity,
(iii) Steady plant investment by private sectors, mainly digital home appliances and
semiconductor makers, and
(iv) Others.
In addition, as many researchers desire to have a TEM customized to their research
purposes, the price tends to be high and this contributes to the expansion of the market size in
monetary basis.
■ Business Prospects
It is generally believed that the demand from universities and public research institutions is
unlikely to grow significantly, if and when the national budget for basic research is revised. In
terms of the demand from the private sectors, some companies believes that a cloud slightly
7
observed in the consumer spending trend to the core demand areas of digital home appliances,
emicond
Companies]
SII Nano Technology, Inc.
Hitachi
FEI Co
pe (SEM)
Market Overview
the SEM market in Japan in 2005 is estimated as 14.95 billion yen or up by
.3% ove
s uctors and raw materials will cause not a small impact on companies’ plant investment
activities.
■ Major Players
The followings are the major players in the TEM market.
[Japanese
・
・JEOL Ltd.
・ High-Technologies Corporation
[Foreign-affiliated Companies]
・Carl Zeiss Japan
・ mpany (Japan) Ltd.
(Listed in random order)
1.2 Scanning Electron Microsco
A SEM is used to observe images produced by electrons reflected while scanning a
specimen with electron rays or by secondary electrons. It is useful in measuring and observing the
characteristics and shape of a specimen surface and inside structures of the area comparatively close
to the surface.
Fig. 5: Market Size of SEM
(100 million yen)
Source: Hearings to major companies
■
The size of
8 r the previous year. From 2003 to 2005, the market made a growth by 34.7 points,
suggesting that in a short-time period, the market in general is in a steady growth.
In terms of the world market, the Japanese SEM market occupies 44.8% share in 2004, as
111.0
138.0 149.5
150.0
2004(100 million
Japan13844.8
50.0
100.0
0.02003 2004 2005 (year)
yen, %)O
5
verseas1705.2%
8
estimated.
■Major Field of the Demand
Major demand area of SEMs broadly includes semiconductor and its related materials,
teel, metal, automobile, machinery, chemistry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics,
lectronic
and from universities and public research institutions and from private
h means SEMs are mainly used by private sector.
M market is mainly attributable to the recovery of consumption
or products such as digital home appliances and mobile phones, as well as for
ich stimulated plant investment. Equally important factors to expand
pe of using SEMs expanded from research and development to production
nd quality control, which promoted purchasing of more than one SEM by the same company. In
e electronic equipment industry, for example, some manufacturers have started to use SEMs to
e to the mounting needs of measurement at their
anufact
ducts by enterprises which formerly were reluctant to do so due to the restriction
the space to install a large SEM or due to the price.
■Business Prospects
There are some concerns to the future prospect of SEMs, including a sign of reluctance of
plant investment observed in the semiconductor market, one of the most important demand drivers
of SEMs and that a considerable time would be required before the demand to SEMs in the
electronic equipment material market makes an upturn. On the other hand, some views that the
demand for the product will increase in the advanced materials fields or that plant investment will
shift steadily in chemical, machinery and material industries, it is safe to say that the SEM market
ly, though, in the short time perspective. It is expected that widened
small-size SEMs and improved added-values of SEMs by
corporating other functions will contribute to the expansion of the market.
Major P
liquid crystals, s
e parts, and raw materials besides basic research purposes.
The ratio of dem
sector is estimated as 2:8, whic
■Factors Driving the Demand
The expansion of the SE
trends for semiconduct
automobiles and materials, wh
the SEM market is the sco
a
th
their quality control functions as well in respons
m uring sites, in addition to research and development applications. In addition, appearance
of smaller in size and low price SEMs, such as desktop type and portable type also have expanded
the user base of the products. The appearance of such desktop and portable type SEMs promoted
purchase of the pro
in
will continue a growth, gradual
variations of product type including
in
■ layers
The followings are the major players in the SEM market.
[Japanese Companies]
9
・ o Technology, Inc.
・Elionix C
SII Nan
o., Ltd.
Keyence Corporation
JEOL L
Carl Ze
isted in random order)
ource: Hearing to major companies
ace is measured. Due
its characteristics, a STM can be used for conductive materials only, while an AFM doesn’t have
nd insulating materials can be viewed. Moreover, it can allow observations quite
exibly r m, atmospheric, or under-water.
・
・Shimadzu Corporation
・ td.
・Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation
[Foreign-affiliated Companies]
・ iss Japan
・FEI Company (Japan) Ltd.
(L
2. Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM)
Fig. 6: Market Size of SPM
61.7 55.0 54.5
0.0
35.0
70.0
2003
(100 million yen)
2004 2005 (year)
2004(100 million
yen, %)
Japan55
30.2%Overseas
12769.8%
S
A SPM is a general name of equipment that has a 3D resolution capacity of an atom level
and scans the surface of a specimen using a minute probe to observe minute structure of it. A
scanning tunnel microscope (STM) and an atom force microscope (AFM) are included in the SPM
category. A STM detects the tunnel current between a specimen and a probe to view the surface
structure of the specimen as a prototype of SPM. After the invention of a STM, an atom force
microscope (AFM) was invented. An AFM detects atom force between a specimen and a probe for
observing the surface structure of the specimen. The principle of an AFM is to detect atom force
(attractive force and repulsive force), then to scan the surface of a specimen while keeping the
balance of attractive and repulsive forces, by which the 3D shape of the surf
to
such restrictions a
fl egardless of the application environment, whether vacuu
10
It is said that its resolution capacity is at least equivalent to that of a STM. After the invention of
roscope (FFM), a magnetic force microscope (MFM) and a near-field
e (NSOM) have been developed to view a specimen using interactions
a probe friction force, magnetic force and near-field light respectively.
ost universally used.
s are generally categorized in ultrahigh vacuum type and atmospheric type based on
ituation. This report follows the same categorization
SPM used for measurement in the ultrahigh vacuum environment
of 10-8Pa
Atmospheric type: A SPM that can be used in any environment
The size of the entire SPM market in Japan in 2005 is estimated as 5.45 billion yen or
ious year. Though from 2003 to 2005, the market share was down by
11.7 points, the short-time trend suggests the market has shown a sign of bottoming out.
In terms of the world market, the Japanese SPM market occupies 30.2% share in 2004, as
estimated.
■Major Field of the Demand
The feature of a SPM include that it allows measurement of minute 3D shapes and
physical quantity distributions, etc., under various environments. Due to this, a SPM is used to
measure a wide variety of specimens. Major demand area includes universities, public and
n ultrahigh vacuum type is frequently used for basic research
urposes. It is also used widely in such general industries as metal, steel, semiconductor,
emistry
an AFM, a friction force mic
scanning optical microscop
between a specimen and
Among them, an AFM is m
SPM
the application environment in present s
method.
Ultrahigh vacuum type: A
■Market Overview
down by 0.9% over the prev
corporate research institutions where a
p
ch /material, precision machinery, electronic parts, raw materials and biology.
■Factors Driving the Demand
<Ultrahigh Vacuum Type SPMs>
The market is nearly in a matured condition as most of their users such as universities and
public research institutions have already introduced the system. The future demand may consist of
replacement to a new system and renewal. After national universities and other entities became
independent administrative legal entities, many researchers have become conscious about using
budget (research expenditure). The industry participants view that such a trend has caused
reluctance against purchasing new products among such researchers. In many cases, researchers
order a SPM customized to their research purposes, and it is estimated that such a special
11
specification SPM occupies 30 to 50% of the entire demand for SPMs.
<Atmospheric type SPMs>
Previously, the SPM market was supported by the public demand from universities and
public research institutions. Due to the boom of digital home appliance market, plant investment
was active in such related industries as semiconductor, metal, high molecule, materials and
ectronic
due to the severer market competitions, the price of a SPM tends to low in general.
udging from this, the SPM market is likely to diminish in the near future.
■Business Prospects
ion of velopment and inspection
f materials of sub-micron (one ten thousandth of one millimeter) to nanometer level. In the
f a SPM including semiconductor, metal, electronic parts and material industries,
is expec
ly used for
search
at the application and market of SPMs are expanded.
Ulvac-Phi, Inc.
Foreign
el parts, which pushed up the demand for SPMs. Then, triggered by the inventory
adjustment in digital home appliance industries, the plant investment in the related sector slowed.
In addition,
J
The applicat a SPM extends from research purposes to de
o
conventional users o
it ted to generate a new demand by developing new technologies and products. Apart from
this trend, a new type of application of the microscope has been emerged in biological fields;
observation of organic compound molecules in a solution. Currently, a SPM is main
re purposes, however, in the course of the research results applied for a practical use, it is
expected th
■Major Players
The followings are the major players in the SPM market.
[Japanese Companies]
・SII Nano Technology, Inc.
・Shimadzu Corporation
・Tokyo Instruments, Inc.
・JEOL Ltd.
・
・Unisoku Co., Ltd.
・Toyo Corporation
[ -affiliated Companies]
・Veeco Instruments
(Listed in random order)
12
3. Confocal Laser Scan Microscope (CLSM)
Fig. 7: Market Size of CLSM
ource: Hearing to major companies
ogic use (a fluorescent CLSM) and
dustrial use (a reflection CLSM). Both types of CLSM are quite different in nature except for
nd the light source. Generally speaking, an industrial-use CLSM is simpler in
tructure
CLSM market in Japan (biological use and industrial use combined) in
lion yen or down by 4.9% over the previous year. From 2003 to 2005,
s down by 3.7 points, suggesting that in a short-time period, its trend is level-off.
of the world market, the Japanese CLSM market occupies 28.4% share in 2004,
gical use CLSM is mainly used for basic research purposes, its major demand
and public and corporate research institutions. In the case of an industrial
use CLSM, it is mainly used by universities and public and corporate research institutions. In terms
of private sectors, metal, automobile, liquid crystal, glass, chemical and electronic parts industries
80.0 81.0 77.0
0.0
45.0
90.0
2003 2004 2005
(100 million yen)
(year)
2004(100 million
yen ,%)
Japan81
28.4%Overseas
20471.6%
S
Using laser as a light source, a CLSM has a pinhole at a location where specimen and the
pinhole are conjugate with each other and shields unnecessary fluorescent light emitted other than
from the surface of the specimen. By doing so, the image is kept in focus and microscopic
observation is made. The benefit of using a CLSM include that it provides a very sharp and good
contrast image with a small focal depth, as well as a continuous cross-sectional and noninvasive
optical image of a specimen. Reconstructing the images obtained, it also allows 3D analysis of
them.
CLSMs are roughly divided into two applications; biol
in
basic principles a
s and, hence, lower in cost.
■Market Overview
The size of the
2005 is estimated as 7.7 bil
the market wa
In terms
as estimated.
■Major Field of the Demand
Since a biolo
area includes universities
13
are the main users of CLSM for their research and development purposes.
■Factors Driving the Demand
Conventionally, biological use CLSMs were divided into high-end, middle-end and
low-end use in terms of their functions and prices, as suggested by industrial insiders. More
recently, the market, however, assesses that they are getting polarized into high-end use and low-end
use. Due to the growing interest to spectrum imaging, a non-destructive observation of inside
structures of cell specimens, etc, a CLSM with such function is generally positioned as a high-end
product. The market is on its way of a gradual shrinkage. The reason for this includes that (1) the
market recognizes that, due to universities and public research institutions being shifted to
independent administrative legal entities, they keep reluctant to budget implementation, probably
ent prioritizes and restricts national research budgets and that (2) the
the on-going price competitions in the high-end use CLSM
arket.
It is reasonably estimated that the biological use CLSM market will be shifted to high-end
se orient
are some views that additional demands can be drawn by, in
articular, the development of new applications. Currently, the biological use CLSMs are mainly
purposes. When the research is further developed into a practical stage,
ditional
new
roducts
gh the high price of the products are one of the concerns.
because the Japanese Governm
entire market tends to shrink due to
m
As to the industrial use CLSMs, though the market expanded thanks to the favorable
business conditions of major customers and release of new products, the negative factors are
restrictions in using research budgets and restraints in investment in view of inventory adjustments
in some industries such as electronic parts which is casting a shadow to the prospect of the market.
■Business Prospects
u ation. It is necessary to attract consumers not only by the price and functions of the
product, but also by diversified applications and fine-tuned after-sale services to differentiate it from
others. In the biological industries, the requirement for observation of live cells and molecules in
cells are underdeveloped, and there
p
used for research
ad usage of the products may be found, which will generate another demand for them, some
estimate.
It is estimated that the industrial use CLSM market will be expanded by launching
p with higher added-values to differentiate them from others in terms of functions and
accuracy, thou
■Major Players
The followings are the major players in the CLSM market.
[Japanese Companies]
・Olympus Corporation
14
・Nikon Instech Co., Ltd.
・Keyence Corporation
・Yokogawa Electric Corporation
Foreign
jor companies
ight and fluorescent light from a specimen by scanning on its surface. A NSOM can
rovide h
h observation can be done in
tmospheric environment nondestructively, which is a great advantage in observing structures of a
ganic and biologic materials).
・Lasertec Corporation
[ -affiliated Companies]
・Carl Zeiss Japan
・Leica Microsystems Japan
(Listed in random order)
4. Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscope (NSOM)
Fig. 8: Market Size of NSOM (100 million yen)
0.0
3.0
2.0 2.0 2.0
2004(100 million
yen, %)
Japan2.0
40.01.0
2.0
Overseas3.0
60.0%
2003 2004 2005 (year)
Source: Hearing to ma
The spatial resolution (the minimum distance of two points that can be recognized as two
separate points) of an optical microscope is restricted to a half of the light wave length (limit of
optical resolution), and theoretically speaking, the conventional microscope cannot provide
resolution of 0.3 µm or below. A NSOM is developed to provide resolution beyond this limit. It
is one of the scanning probe microscopes and uses an optical fiber attached to its edge as a probe,
which emits strong light. At the edge of the probe is a pinhole of less than the light wave length
from which near-field light, a type of electromagnetic fields is emitted. The probe is used to detect
scattered l
p igh resolution microscopic images by changing consecutively the scanning positions.
The largest feature of a NSOM is to use the near-field light emitted from the probe to
provide optical observation of a specimen in nanoscale. Moreover, suc
a
specimen (both or
15
■Market Overview
The size of the NSOM market in Japan in 2005 is estimated as 200 million yen as
me as the previous year. From 2003 to 2005, the market size remained on
arket has not been well established yet, though there is a certain
NSOM market occupies 40% share in 2004, as
nd
A NSOM can be used for broader applications from nanoscale assessment, processing,
etecting fluorescence detection of a single molecule and semiconductor spectroscopic inspections.
lic research institutions and industries such
s semiconductor (microscopic observation and measurement of the surface), electric appliances,
materials and raw materials. In the biotechnology fields, a scanning near-field optic/atomic
microscope (NSOAM) is used for the nano-level observation of cells, protein and DNA. NSOAM
is a microscope combined with the functions of a NSOM and an AFM.
■Factors Driving the Demand
Backed by a surge of the demand for nanoscale specimen observation along with the
progress of fine processing technology, such as semiconductors, the NSOM market has been formed.
The market share between the universities and public research institution sector and the general
as almost same. The users mainly use NSOMs for their research
erally disseminated in research functions of corporations as the
ajor users, the growth of the NSOM market stays flat recently.
logy.
hen suc
estimated, which is the sa
the same level, suggesting that the m
degree of demand.
In terms of the world market, the Japanese
estimated.
■Major Field of the Dema
d
Major demand field mainly includes universities and pub
a
industrial sector is estimated
purposes. As the products have gen
m
■Business Prospects
Using a NSOM often requires a certain level of skills in reproducing and interpreting
NSOM images and hence, a user should be a good level of expert in using it. In order for the
market to grow in the future, it is necessary to overcome some problems inherent in the microscope
such as that it takes for a certain time to obtain an image in spite of its resolution power of several
folds of that of CLSM.
A probe is an integral part of a NSOM that greatly affects the performance of it. Recently,
there are some studies for producing it in a more efficient way using micromachines techno
W h studies result in development of a low cost and high quality probe, it is expected that the
NSOM market will be revitalized just in the same way that a launch of high quality and low cost
cantilever opened the door for disseminating AFMs.
16
■Major Players
The followings are the major players in the NSOM market.
ies]
JEOL L
rder)
. Micro Raman Measurement System
g. 9: M
Heari
weak scattering lights whose
wavelength is changed by reaction with the substances (Raman’s diffusion). Raman spectroscopy
e the molecule vibration information contained in such weak scattering light
provi
icro Raman measurement system includes that (i) its resolution
er of ap
[Japanese Compan
・ td.
・JASCO Corporation
・Tomoe Engineering Co., Ltd.
(Listed in random o
5
Fi arket Size of Micro Raman Measurement System
Source: ng to major companies
A micro Raman measurement system is a merger of the Raman spectroscopic analysis
method and a microscope, used to analyze locally the composition and conditions of crystallization
of a specimen. Shooting visible rays to substances causes diffusion to a part of the rays. Though
most of such diffused rays are the visible rays shot, there are
is a method to analyz
and des information about chemical composition and crystal structure of substances. As the
Raman’s diffusion is quite weak, it has been impossible to capture it. However, the recent
development of small-in-size laser emitting machine and CCDs used for detecting it has cleared a
way to significantly advance the micro Raman measurement system.
The advantage of a m
pow prox. 1μm is far higher than that of an infrared spectrometer which is in the same
category as a micro Raman measurement system and has a great effect to measure micro materials,
(ii) it allows near nondestructive analysis and ,in many cases, assessment of the surface and internal
structure of a specimen can be done without sampling and (iii) it allows wide application from
16.5
18.0 20.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
2003 2004 2005
(100 million yen)
2004(100 million
yen, %)
Japan18
18.0
Overseas82
82.0%
(year)
17
chemical composition analysis to crystal structure information analysis.
Japan in 2005 is estimated as
.1% over the previous year. From 2003 to 2005, the market size was up
, suggesting that in a short-time period, the market is steadily shifting at the annual
market, the Japanese micro Raman measurement system market
as estimated.
Major Field of the Demand
easurement of mini-region stress and foreign matters and
rystallization assessment of semiconductors, polymer componential analysis and blend assessment,
hemical analysis (enzyme analysis and
chemical compound study), flat panel displays, metal, surface treatment, crystal polymorphs and
foreign matter measurement of drugs, and live cell observations. It is also used by police for
explosives analysis and opium analysis. It is estimated that the ratio of the system used by public
research institutions and laboratories and by private sectors is approx. 40% for the former and
approx. 60% for the latter. Approx. 80% of the entire demand from the private sector is for carbon
materials such as nanotubes, semiconductor-related products and chemical products (polymers, etc.).
■Factors Driving the Demand
Micro Raman measurement system once not been fully utilized because of the difficulty in
ly improved its functions thanks to (i) the enhanced
e improvement of CCDs, (ii) smaller-in-size due to the
ancem
■Market Overview
The size of the micro Raman measurement system market in
2.0 billion yen or up by 11
by 21.2 points
growth of approx. 10%.
In terms of the world
occupies 18% share in 2004,
■
The system is mainly used for m
c
identification and foreign matter contents of minerals, c
handling has recently been dramatical
ionalities of detector with thfunct
adv ent of detectors, and (iii) upgraded removing filters of Rayleigh scattering rays. Because
of such improvements, many researchers have been paying attention to the system for advanced
study applications in various fields.
Where a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was conventionally applied such
as componential analysis and crystal structure analysis, more recently, along with a rapid
advancement of manufacturing and processing technologies, a minute level measurement beyond the
limit of FT-IR has been needed. A micro Raman measurement system that has spatial resolution 10
times larger than that of FT-IR has been used in lieu of it.
Some manufacturers try to produce a user-friendly micro Raman measurement system to
generate demands, as there are some applications common to both FT-IRs and micro Raman
easuremm ent system.
18
■Business Prospects
While requirements for the system are diversified from research and analysis industries,
there has been a trend observed to embed multiple functions in one unit. As a result, a micro
Raman measurement system embedded with the functions of SEMs, AFMs or NSOMs has been
emerged. The price of a micro Raman measurement system is approx. twice as that of a FT-IR. In
rder for the system to maintain the price, while trying to expand the market by drawing needs for
the system, it is essential that the system should be more value-added. The
dustry p
y. Whether the system can build a competitive advantage in the market or
t woul
lls invented by a university-launched venture is getting
cused as a new approach of a live cell study that has been quite actively conducted in the world.
Major P
Foreign-affiliated Companies]
n
Renish
o
replacing FT-IRs to
in articipants see that the direction toward a complex system will be accelerated in the future.
Though a micro Raman measurement system has a long history, not a long time has lapsed
since it is utilized in full scale. Spectrum database of various specimens, therefore, has not been
accumulated satisfactoril
no d depend on how the database can be improved in the future. A micro Raman
measurement system for unstained live ce
fo
■ layers
The followings are the major players in the micro Raman measurement system market.
[Japanese Companies]
・Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation
・Tokyo Instruments, Inc.
・Nanophoton Co., Ltd.
・JEOL Ltd.
・JASCO Corporation
・Horiba Jobin Yvon
[
・Thermo Electron Corporatio
・ aw KK
(Listed in random order)
19
6. Particl
Particle System Characterization Machine
Particles in liquid are considered as making an irregular movement (Brownian movement).
radiated to scatter the particles, the frequency of the diffused light makes a slight
ibration the
d of determining the particle distribution by measuring the particle
tion and the size of the particles is called a dynamic light
fusion system has a wider measurement range in one time, and allows
ly reproductive and high resolution results with a short time of periods. In addition it
ng environment, whether it is wet or dry, and is superior in handling
ws unmanned operation such as on-line measurement. Due to such
tem is the mainstream of particle-size distribution systems.
particle system characterization machine market in Japan in 2005 is
estimated as 2.6 billion yen or up by 7.4% over the previous year. From 2003 to 2005, the market
size was up by 23.8 points, suggesting that the market is shifting at an annual growth ratio of more
than 10% in a short-time period.
In terms of the world market, the Japanese particle system characterization machine
market occupies 20% share in 2004, as estimated.
e System Characterization Machine
Fig. 10: Market Size of
21.0 24.2 26.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
2003 2004 2005 (year)
2004(100 million
yen, %)
20.0
(100 milion yen)n
.2Japa24
%
Overseas96.8
80.0%
Source: Hearings to major companies
A particle system characterization machine, in this report, refers to a machine used for
measuring particles of less than 100 nm
A particle measurement system is used to measure the particle diameter and particle-size
distribution of powder, and is categorized into two; a dynamic light scattering system and a laser
diffraction system.
When a laser is ir
v due to the irregular movement of the particles. The velocity of particles depends on
size of them. The metho
diameters from the relationship of the vibra
scattering system.
Whereas the laser dif
obtaining high
doesn’t choose the usi
performance and allo
advantages, the laser diffraction sys
■Market Overview
The size of the
20
■Major Field of the Demand
The system is mainly used in such areas as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods, electric
appliances, new materials and raw materials in addition to catalyst, paint, coating agent and other
nano-chemical field. It is overwhelmingly used by private sector. It occupies 90% in the entire
system market.
■Factors Driving the Demand
While a particle system characterization machine of micrometer level has been widely
used in the in-process quality control purpose, a nanometer level system is mainly used for research
and development purposes currently.
vel particle measurement such as
s, pigments and proteins, the particle system characterization
arket is growing.
cle measurement. Product functions are tend to be valued
ther tha
Busines
hen nanotechnology study makes a progress and its resulting products are
arketed
Japanese Companies]
s Co., Ltd.
Sysmex
Horiba
As the system expands its scope of application to nano-le
carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, cosmetic
m
End-users select the system mainly based on (i) wide variety of applications and (ii) the
know-how of the manufacturers on parti
ra n the price. It is getting difficult to maintain the sale price because of severe competitions
taken place in the market.
■ s Prospects
Since it is unlikely that end-users stop or reverse their idea to seek more small-in-size
products , it is observed that the market tends to grow steadily for the time being.
Judging from the fact that particle system characterization machines are mainly used for
research and development purposes, the demand of the machines for quality control applications can
be expected if and w
m .
■Major Players
The followings are the major players in the particle system characterization machine
market.
[
・Otsuka Electronic
・ Corporation
・Shimadzu Corporation
・Nikkiso Co., Ltd.
・Japan Laser Corporation
・ , Ltd.
21
[Foreign-affiliated Companies]
・Beckman Coulter
ig. 11: Market Size of FIBs
to irradiate ion beam concentrated to 5 to 10 nanometer to a specimen.
sing the interaction of the ion beam and the specimen, it provides the following functions: (1)
en surface by capturing secondary electrons emitted from energized specimen,
) Cuttin
It is used for
size of the FIB market in Japan in 2005 is estimated as 11.6 billion yen or up by
7% over the previous year. From 2003 to 2005, the market was up by 42.3 points, suggesting
e period, the market is on the expansion trend of more than 20% in average.
used in research purposes by universities and public research institutions
o private sector applications including semiconductor-related industries,
(magnetic heads) and analysis services. In terms of application, they are
nt of specimens before transmission electron microscopy.
(Listed in random order)
7. Focused Ion Beam System (FIB)
F
Source: Hearing to major companies
A FIB is a system
U
Observation of specim
(2 g a specimen by irradiating and scanning highly energized ion beam on it and (3)
Deposition of a ultra-fine carbon or tungsten structure on a specimen surface.
pre-treatment of specimens for electronic microscopy.
■Market Overview
The
13.
that in a short-tim
In terms of the world market, the Japanese FIB market occupies 48.1% share in 2004, as
estimated.
■Major Field of the Demand
FIBs are mainly
and laboratories, in addition t
electric appliance parts
mainly used for pre-treatme
81.5
102.0116.0
0
(
120
60
2003 2004 2005 (year)
100 million yen)
2004(100 million
Japan102O
.9%
verseas110
51yen, %) 48.1
22
■Factors Driving the Demand
Along with the dissemination of SEMs and a launch of a large-sized silicone wafers (300
neral is steadily expanding. The driving force of this seems to be the
ccelerated needs for replacing conventional FIBs with a complex machine of a FIB and a SEM in
e semiconductor industries which requires highly functional machines. On the other hand, the
r low value-added units are getting severer.
■Business Prospects
The future business prospect of the market would include (i) expansion of the demand for
high-end complex machines with SEMs, etc, (ii) expectation to generate synergy effects of the
demand by dissemination of SEMs and (iii) further advancement of microfabrication technologies.
■Major Players
The followings are the major players in the FIB market.
[Japanese Companies]
・SII Nano Technology, Inc.
JEOL Ltd.
Hitachi
mm), the FIB market in ge
a
th
negative factor includes, the demands fo
・Elionix Co., Ltd.
・Tokyo Electron, Ltd.
・
・ High-Technologies Corporation
[Foreign-affiliated Companies]
・FEI Company Japan Ltd.
(Listed in random order)
23
8. Surface Smoothness Measurement System Fig.12: Market Size of Surface Smoothness Measurement System
Surface smoothness measurement system, in this report, refers to mainly a surface
ement system.
and parts, such as “roughness,”
arity in shape” are closely related to functions of the products and parts.
rement system occupies an important position as a measurement and
f such minute surface structure. As the ultra-fine processing technology is
the trend of complex and fineness of products and devices, the resolution of
hness measurement system has been improved. In order to respond to the demand of
utting surfaces, noncontact measurement has been
sment method makes a shift from a single cutting surface
ment for assessing the entire surface of a certain size, the system with
ized broadly.
Market Overview
The size of the surface smoothness measurement system market in Japan in 2005 is
estimated as 1.5 billion yen or up by 10.3% over the previous year. From 2003 to 2005, the market
was up by 18.1 points, suggesting that even in a short-time period, the market is on the expansion
trend of approx. 10% annually.
In terms of the world market, the Japanese surface smoothness measurement system
market occupies 32.8% share in 2004, as estimated.
■Major Field of the Demand
The demand of surface smoothness measurement system mainly derives from
Source: Hearing to major companies
roughness measur
Physical properties of the surface of industrial products
“unevenness” and “irregul
A surface smoothness measu
assessment device o
sophisticated along with
surface smoot
measuring soft materials and ultra-precision c
generally applied. As the asses
measurement to 3D measure
such function has been util
■
12.7 13.6 15.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
(100 million yen)
2004(100 million
yen,%)
Japan13.632.8Overseas
27.967.2%
2003 2004 2005 (year)
24
semiconductor industry (for foreign matter inspection of wafers and pattern defect inspections),
CDs and PDPs color displays and IT-related equipment such as magnetic discs, optical discs and
processes. The demand for 3D
roughness measurement is high for such application as base films of video tapes and hard discs.
Especially, in terms of nano-level measurement, the system is indispensable for research,
development and manufacture of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) and other
next-generation devices.
It is roughly estimated that the ratio of the system used by universities and public research
institutions and by industries comes to 2:8.
■Factors Driving the Demand
In general, the measurement device market is vulnerable against economic conditions.
moothness measurement system that is more often used by
m ing industries. The market of surface smoothness measurement system makes a steady
ift rece
ted industries have been slowed reflected by the sense of saturation
the digi
c manufacturers. Many of such domains of industries
xpects upturning of consumption trends toward 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China, and it is
rket of surface smoothness measurement system will make a growth along with
e major players in the surface smoothness measurement system
arket.
Canon Inc.
itsuto
L
optical fibers. It is also widely used in in-process inspection
The same can be said to surface s
anufactur
sh ntly, thanks to the booming of auto-related and machining tool industries, through plant
investment by semiconductor-rela
in tal home appliance market.
The expansion of the market may have been attributable to the launch of the series of new
products with sophisticated technologies into the market, such as the system having high vertical
resolution of up to 0.1 nm and that of high precision and low vibration performances.
■Business Prospects
It is estimated that the surface smoothness measurement system market will shift in the
future influenced by the trend of major users such as digital home electric appliances and LCD
products (flat-screen television, DVDs, mobile phones with a camera and PCs), semiconductor
industries, auto industries and hard dis
e
foreseen that the ma
it.
■Major Players
The followings are th
m
[Japanese Companies]
・
・Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.
・M yo Corporation
25
[Foreign-affiliated Companies]
・Veeco Instruments
・Taylor Hobson K.K.
・Mahr Japan
(L random order)
isted in
ig. 13: Market Size of Data Analysis Software
■Market Overview
alysis software, in this report, includes package software products under the
ensed s
stimated.
e Demand
y and pharmaceuticals for their research purposes including molecular modeling, molecular
lation and molecular force field calculations. In some industry, such as
and automobiles, the software is used from conventional basic research purposes
ses.
9. Data Analysis Software
F
Source: Hearings to major companies
The data an
lic ales used for molecular design, molecular modeling, molecular simulation, data analysis
and other computational chemistry software.
The size of such software market in Japan in 2005 is estimated as 3.5 billion yen or up by 16.7%
over the previous year. From 2003 to 2005, the market was up by 34.6 points, suggesting that in a
short-time period, the market tends to grow.
In terms of the world market, the Japanese software market occupies 25% share in 2004,
as e
■Major Field of th
The software is mainly used by such industries as semiconductor, materials, raw materials,
chemistr
simulation, quantum calcu
electric appliances
to applied development purpo
26.030.0
35.0
0
10
20
30
40
2003 2004 2005
(100 million yen)
)
2004(100 million
yen, %)
Japan30
25.0Overseas90
75.0%
(year
26
■Factors Driving the Demand
Recently, the software has been broadly introduced to consumer goods manufacturer such
nd automobiles, suggesting that the user base is on its way of expansion.
on of the needs for complex materials such as a combined use of resin and metal.
hat the demand from universities and public research institutions occupies
0% of the entire software market, mostly for basic research applications. After universities and
ublic research institutes became independent administrative entities, they are required to produce
activities. Under such circumstances, it will be unlikely that they
urchase expensive software for basic research, etc., that is not directly connected to a practical
application of its results. On the other hand, use of superb and excellent research system is a good
sales point of universities and public research institutes. Thus, the research system that is highly
assessed by researchers and other users tends to gain higher demand.
■Business Prospects
The industry participants expect that the demand and the market itself for the related
software will grow when more industries introduce or use proactively nanotechnology materials and
raw materials as they are disseminated in the industries. A good example of this would be auto and
electric appliance industries.
trend that the analysis database, conventionally
ment module, are connected with a data sending/receiving
odule to make a grand knowledge database of a company or a research institute. Judging from
at the market still has a room of further growth, when the demand from such
iddlewa
Cybern
poration
Marubeni Solutions Corporation
Sumish
as electric appliances a
This is a reflecti
It is estimated t
4
p
higher results in their research
p
In addition, there have emerged a
constructed independently by develop
m
this, it can be said th
m re is taken into consideration.
■Major Players
The followings are the major players in the data analysis software market.
[Japanese Companies]
・Limited Company AdvanceSoft
・ et Systems Co., Ltd.
・Fujitsu Cor
・
・Ryoka Systems, Inc.
・ o Computer Systems Corporation
[Foreign-affiliated Companies]
・Accelrys Software Inc.
(Listed in random order)
27
C. Industry Map
are
Japanese companies are dominant in the entire market, in terms of the number of players.
They are four times more than foreign-affiliated companies. The next table shows major players in
the respective market.
Fig. 14: Major Players Matrix
TEM SEM SPM CLSM NSOM Raman Particle FIB Surface Softw
Limited Company AdvanceSoft ■
Ulvac-Phi, Inc. ■ SII Nano Technology, Inc. ■ ■ ■ ■ Elionix Co., Ltd. ■ ■ Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. ■ Olympus Corporation ■ Keyence Corporation ■ ■ ■ Cybernet Systems Co., Ltd. ■ Sysmex Corporation ■ Shimadzu Corporation ■ ■ ■ Sumisho Computer Systems Corporation ■
Tokyo Instruments, Inc. ■ ■ Tokyo Electron, Ltd. ■ Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd. ■
Japaneom
paniese c
s
Toyo Corporation ■
Tomoe Engineering Co., Ltd. ■
Nanophoton Co., Ltd. ■ Nikon Instech Co., Ltd. ■ Nikkiso Co., Ltd. ■
Japan Precision IInc.
nstruments, ■
JEOL ■ Ltd. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ JASCO Corporation
Japan Laser Corporation ■
Hitachi High-Technologies ■ Corporation ■ ■ ■
Fujitsu Corporation ■ Horiba Jobin Yvon ■ Horiba, Ltd. ■ Mitsutoyo Corporation ■ ■ Unisoku Co., Ltd.
Ryoka Systems, Inc. ■ Lasertec Corporation ■
Yokogawa Electric Corporation ■
Marubeni Solutions Corporation ■
28
TEM SEM SPM CLSM NSOM Raman Particle FIB Surface Software
Accelrys Software Inc. ■ Carl Zeiss Japan ■ ■ ■ Thermo Electron Corporation ■
Taylor Hobson K.K. ■ FEI Company Japan Ltd. ■ ■ ■
Foreign-affi
Veeco Instruments ■ ■ Beckman Coulter ■ Mahr Japan ■ Leica Microsystems Japan ■
liatem
panies
■
d co
Renishaw KK Raman easurement system rticle rticle system cha terization machine Surface rement m Software: Data a lysissoftSource: Hea mpanies and inf rmation disclosed by each company
: Micro Raman m Pa s: Pa rac: Surface smoothness measu syste
ona ware
rings to major co
29
D. Major Study Projects o n h g
materials an rodu rela d to n tech logy are grow i ti al use,
a rch and deve pmen tiv ies of nanote hnolo a co ucted The
na ch and de lopment pro ts ar important for e nanoscale equip t for
vis ment i ener demand for them This chapter utlines major public
res nanotechno ma rials lating o it.
[R to Mi try of a n, C ure, S orts, Science a Tec logy
■ Imaging Resea s the nistry’s efforts to promote research and
for SPMs, CLSMs, micro Raman
measurement systems can be expected for living cells observation and molecular imaging
applications.
○ Identification of Candidate Materials for the Design of New Drugs and Medications (Riken
Japan)
A hub of efficiently identifying candidate materials for new drugs (seed molecules) is
established in Riken where molecular imaging technology is heightened and utilized in
full-scale by a merger of the world advanced chemistry, biology and medicine. Riken will
be a place where a system for a new chemical reaction and synthesis machine applicable for
exploring, creating short-lived radioisotope marking of candidate molecules for new drugs as
well as assessment of advanced in vivo kinetics and functional assessment and advanced
imaging tools. Riken is aiming to develop a center of world-class molecular imaging
through establishing a nation-wide research network and nourishing experts.
○ PET Research Center (National Institute of Radiological Sciences)
As a hub of studying pathologic conditions and establishing therapy evaluations by the use
of molecular imaging, the center develops the world-highest class foundation technologies
and establishes a disease diagnosis research support system, where researchers from various
academic fields gather and use technologies and facilities. In addition, the center will
cooperate with the researchers to conduct the state-of-the-art disease diagnosis study to send
and transfer the results, technologies and human resources to universities and medical
institutions, whereby the center can contribute to the development of molecular imaging
research and medical standard in Japan.
■ Research and Development of the Next-Generation IT Foundation
The following study projects are for research and development about the technology to
realize an ultra high performance computer which can demonstrate high-level computation
n Na otec nolo y
While raw d p cts te ano no ingly n prac c
num
not
ual
ear
ese
ber of resea lo t ac it c gy are lso nd .
echnology resear ve jec e th men
ization and measure n g ating . o
ch activities on logy te re t
arch Projects Related nis Educ tio ult p nd hno ]
Molecular rch Program (a Mi
development in life science fields that respond to real societal needs)
In the projects related to life science, the demands
30
including a simulation, and about a software responding to such new technologies. It may
possible be seen that development of these projects and outcome from those studies generate
a
Advanced computational science such as advanced simulations using a super computer is
and
ndation for sustainable
de
ch and development of Petascale System Interconnect (PSI) Technology (Computing
earch and development of optimum operation efficient methods via IP based network
○ R
for Industrial Science
■ R
M
f
s of industry and academia in such advanced
industrial area of the merger between nanotechnology materials and other domains of industry.
vanced seeds technologies
thro
demand anew in the markets of nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement
using a high performance computer and a related software. Simulation science and
technology is indispensable for the development of numerous industries including
automobile, aircraft and semiconductor, and is considered to perform as a breakthrough of
broader science and technology in the 21st Century.
considered as the third method of science and technological research, following to theory
experiments.
There's the high expectation that it is developed as a fou
velopment of science and industry.
○ Research and Development of Element Technology for the Future Super-Computing
• Resear
and Communications Center, Kyushu University)
• Res
interconnection within parallel computers (Graduate School of Information Science and
Technology, The University of Tokyo)
• Research and development of low-voltage high-speed device, circuit technology and logic
system (Hitachi, Ltd.)
• Research and development of optical interconnection for super high-speed computers
(NEC Corporation)
esearch and development of innovative simulation software
• Research and Development of Frontier Simulation Software
(Collaborative Research Center of Frontier Simulation Software for Industrial Science,
University of Tokyo)
esearch and Development of New Business Domains a Merger of Nanotechnology and
aterials
Expecting for the realization of products and services in the nanotechnology field as the
inal target, this research and development project aims at producing technical innovations and
ynergy effects by the collaborative efforts
It is expected that private sectors gain the chance of developing ad
ugh the project.
31
○
○S
○ Na
○ ation research network sites based on the collection principles of life-giving
yushu University, Hokkaido University and Osaka
[Research Welfare]
■ Na
nanote emands especially for living cell observation,
mole
○
[F searcher is appointed] National Cardiovascular Center
Development of functional and structural alternative organ using nanotechnology
vascular Center
○
[F
○ D noparticles
acility where chief researcher is appointed] Research Institute International Medical Center
○ n development and assessment of nanomedicine utilization foundation database
F
○
○
y using ultra fine molecular probe
[Facility where chief researcher is appointed] Graduate School of Science and Technology,
Development of the next-generation programmable logical operation device using atomic
switch
[Participating Organization]The University of Tokyo, NEC Corporation and Institute for
Molecular Science in the National Institutes of Natural Sciences
uper Optical Information Memories with Nano-structured Magnetophotonic Crystals
[Participating Organization]FDK Corporation, Optware Corporation, Memory-Tech,
Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.
no-Bio integration research
[Researching Organization]The University of Tokyo
Molecular inform
molecules
[Researching Organization]Riken, K
University
Projects Related to Ministry of Health, Labor, and
nomedicine
Aiming at promoting research and development of advanced medical technologies using
chnology, this project may generate d
cular imaging or high-molecular compound modeling applications as explained above.
Analysis of functions and structure of molecules using nano-level imaging
acility where chief re
○
[Facility where chief researcher is appointed] National Cardio
Development of microforceps and catheters and their handling technologies
acility where chief researcher is appointed] National Cancer Center
DS by semiconductor na
[F
of Japan
Research o
[ acility where chief researcher is appointed] Japan Association for the Advancement of
Medical Equipment
Development of biological polymer delivery system using bionanoparticles
[Facility where chief researcher is appointed] GenomIdea Inc.
Analysis of organ reproduction and curing mechanism of development of high precision local
diagnosis technolog
32
Keio University
Implanta○ ble ventricular assist device (VAD) using nanotechnology
osilane
is appointed] Saitama University Faculty of Engineering
new DDS formulation using nanotechnology
DS, Jikei University, School of
○ of diagnosing technology for cerebral ischemic lesion using high magnetic field
ere chief researcher is appointed] National Cardiovascular Center
○ Establishment of SNPs analysis of genes affecting cardiac disease and cancers, and gene
chief researcher is appointed] National Cardiovascular Center
○ Re
ering
& Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
rn Yokohama
○ ductor gamma
iversity
nosis methods and systems
○ ent and application to medical use of nano-size sensing capsules
u
○ ns of nanotubes, nano-fine particles and micro fine particles, and their
School of Dental Medicine,
○ eproduction; Application for medicine
[Facility where chief researcher is appointed] Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer,
Tohoku University
○ Research on design technology development of Sugar Chain-Containing Carb
Dendrimer Compounds
[Facility where chief researcher
○ Research and development of a
[Facility where chief researcher is appointed] Institute of D
Medicine
Development
NMR and MRI
[Facility wh
diagnosis system using ECA chips
[Facility where
search on clinical development of a system to enhance 5-year survival rate by 20% by
visualizing cancer while in operation
[Facility where chief researcher is appointed] Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engine
○ Research on new way of cancer diagnosis using an endmicroscope
[Facility where chief researcher is appointed] Showa University Northe
Hospital
Research on imaging of molecular pathology using RI molecules and semicon
camera
[Facility where chief researcher is appointed] Faculty of Medicine, Keio Un
○ Research on practical use of gene diag
[Facility where chief researcher is appointed] National Cancer Center Chuo Hospital
Developm
[Facility where chief researcher is appointed] Graduate School of Medicine, Tohok
University
Reactions against orga
application to bioscience
[Facility where chief researcher is appointed] Graduate
Hokkaido University
Nanomanipulation of cell functions, organ repair and r
of nanodesign and nanoprocessing technology of materials having reproductive function
33
[Facility where chief researcher is appointed] Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu
[Resea
Nanote ee III.B)
E. Ma
es to raise
deman
the tre ir users. The major demand roughly comes from research and industrial
appl
and tec ajor related industries. This chapter examines the future orientation of the
market
the dire rtant is the progress of research and practical application
of nano anotechnology
appl
1. Cur
(1)
designa hnology materials and other 3 industrial fields as the priority fields and decided to
prom
prioriti science and technology aiming at making Japan a nation based on the creativity of
science ived the
budg
University
rch Projects Related to Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry]
chnology Program (S
rket Prospects
While the market of nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement tri
ds by developing and launching of new equipment, the direction of it is greatly depending on
nd of the
ications, which directions will greatly impact on the conditions of national budget for science
hnology and of m
from such perspectives.
The whereabouts of the development of product functions is one of the decisive factors for
ction of the market. Equally impo
technology. In order to understand the long-term trend of the direction of n
ied to industries, the movements of nanotechnology shown by industries are glanced as well.
rent Direction of the Industry
Budget for Science and Technology
In 2001, the Council for Science and Technology Policy of the Japanese Government1
ted nanotec
ote allocation of budget to these domains, in a course of the government’s strategic
zation of
and technology. Since then, the domain of nanotechnology materials has rece
et of more than 9 billion yen annually for its research and development.
1 As an the Cabinet Office, the Council for Science and Technology Policy aimstechnolo
organization set up in at planning, proposing and comprehensive coordination of basic and total Japan’s science and
gy policy for the benefit of the entire science and technology development in Japan.
34
Fig. 15:
ence and Technology Policy Meeting (February, 2005)
While most budget items shows a negative growth due to the tight financial conditions of
f promoting science and technology in the national budget
ompilation for 2006 filed in December 2005 is 1,331.2 billion yen or year-on-year increase of 1.1%,
e budget for science and technology was one of the few
ms tha
(2) Major Field of the Demand
The estimation made by Japan Electronics and Information Industries Association (JEITA)
shows in its outlook of manufacturing electronic products in 2006 that production of electronic
products in Japan such as plasma television sets, mobile phones and electronic parts will make an
upturn backed by the completion of production adjustment in IT industries and on-going trend of
business recovery, though there is a slight concern in the uncertainty of oil price, etc. The domestic
ile
l
e, LCD
Trend of Science and Technology Budget (Nanotechnology Materials) Flash Report
Source: The 43rd Council for Sci
rowth
84.991.1 94.6 93.5 97.1
3.93.8
60
100
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
(%)
7.3120
The budget for science and technology from FY2002 to FY2005 increases and maintains
the level of 9 billion yen, except for FY2004 when the amount showed a year-on-year decrease of
1.2%.
the Japanese Government, the outlay o
c
or 14.2 billion yen in monetary basis. Th
ite t gained budget increase over the previous year. Among the budget for science and
technology, the amount allocated to nanotechnology materials, for example, in terms of the itemized
budget by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) was 30.92
billion yen, up by 2.57 billion yen over the previous year. (The total budget allocated to the entire
domain by the Ministry is unknown at the time of the survey.)
(See Ⅲ.A. 'Formation of Basic Program for Science and Technology')
production as a whole of electronic products is estimated to grow 2.3% over the previous year, wh
each of electronic equipment for civilian use, domestic use and electronic parts and devices wil
ake a growth of 2% level (See Fig. 16). In terms of electronic equipment for civilian usm
Annual
g
80
-1.2
0
20
40
FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
(100 million yen)
35
television and plasma television sets are estimated to make a double digit growth of 11.3% and
20.0% respectively, while in the field of electronic equipment for industrial use, mobile phone
production will make a year-on-year growth of 7%. In addition, in terms of electronic parts and
devices, electronic tube production is estimated to make over 20% growth. On the other hand, the
production of video camera, electronic computers except for personal computers and devices rela
to them, business machines and conversion electronic parts is considered to be lower than e
previous year.
Fig. 16: Trend of Electronic Products Manufacturing in Japan
manufacturing devices in FY2006 is
-on-year, after continual
ecrease since FY2004, as announced by Semiconductor Equipment Association of Japan in January
continuous increase in demand of semiconductor memories for
ortable m
ting
th
10,000
20,000
25,000
15,000
0
5,000
Civilian use products 2,488 2,545 2,608
2004(actual) 2005(estimation) 2006(estimation)
(billion yen)
19,746 18,962 19,389
Industrial use products 7,481 7,250 7,398
Electronic parts anddevices
9,777 9,167 9,383
Source: Outlook of electronic product manufacturing in 2006 by JEITA
As semiconductors and products related to them are measured and assessed using the
nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement, the prospect of semiconductor
manufacturing devices causes tremendous impact on the future of the visualization and measurement
equipment market. The sales of made-in-Japan semiconductor
expected to be 1,589.8 billion yen (incl. export) or 8% increase year
d
2006. The ground for this is a
p usic players. They foresee that plant investment by portable music player industries will
propel the growth in this business sector. With a prospect of demand increase for semiconductors
in digital electric appliances toward 2008 when Olympic game is held in Beijing, China, it is
expected that the industry will make a growth.
36
2. Technological Trend of Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology Business Creation Initiative, an organization for exploring new industries
by matching nanotechnology, a 21st Century industry, presented a road map describing how
nanotechnology is applied to the industries (the NBCI business strategy road map). To interpret the
road map, minimum level of technical knowledge may be required, but it shows not only the
prospect of nanotechnology, but also how it is applied to businesses. In this sense, the road map is
ighly indicative of considering application of the technology to future industries.
Fig. 17: Technological Direction of Nanotechnology
New materials and processes for LSI
h
General outlook
1. Merger of a nano-level CMOS device and a 3D nano-level mounting technology 2. Superconnect wiring by bottom-up type nanotechnology 3. From miniaturization and high-integration to hyper-miniaturization
Technological trend and expected products
Technological trend:
Maintenance of miniaturization of a LSI structure and merger of LSI and a 3D nano-level mounting technology accelerates the process of highly functional, low electricity consumption, and small-in-size products
Expected products:
1. Highly integrated SOC/SIP for multi-functional wireless equipment supporting the car entertainment
hop sensors that function as iquitous society
society 2. Micromini LSIs for multi-a terminal and node in the ub
Elemental tech
Nano-level 1. Circuit board: Rapid progress expected in SOI-type nology CMOS circuit boards and vertical type device technology, for
enhancing carrier mobility and controlling characteristic variances 2. Lithography: Will make a progress centered on immersion ArF technology. At the same time, it will shift to the EUV technology. 3. Gate: Points are the introduction of new material Hf and La gates and surface control engineering. New material metal gate is a must for gate electrodes
Superconnect wiring
1. Wiring technology: Ultimate local wiring and global wiring will shift to atomic-level control metal wiring and then CNT wiring to eliminate losses at a maximum 2. Interlayer film: To use porous materials. Local wiring will shift to low-k by using Air-Gap process
37
3D nano-level 1. Bonding chips into packages: Toward direct bonding ing the chip wiring rules
ilt-in parts: From built-in parts in a package and circuit board to MEMS
mounting technology
us2. Bu
3. Printed circuit board: Low dielectric constant by porous board and high magnetic permeability applying nanotechnology drive significant low loss ratio
Measurement and assessment equipment Area Carbon nanotube
measurement 1. Enhanced sensitivity of spectroscopic analyzers 2. Enhanced resolution of SEMs and TEMs 3. Establishment of multiple analysis methods
Subjects Mixture of single CNT→ Highly pure single CNT Measurement (i) Purity
(ii) Shape and characteristics of single CNT (diameter, length and chirality of a tube)
(iii) Mixture analysis (chirality distribution measurement) g
method troscopy((i) and (ii))
is ((
Measurin Raman specNear-infrared photoluminescence spectroscopy((ii) and (iii))SEM and TEM((ii)) Thermal analys i))
M t and assessment equipmeneasuremen t Nanosilicon materiaArea ls measurement Background e paras
miniatur2. Improvement amental technology toward nano-CMOS is imperative.
1. Due to thfor further
itic capacity, etc., conventional technology is not viable ization of fund
Development 1. Development of rs ent of target
sub-nano level high resolution isotopic analyze2. Developm high performance nanosilicon simulators
wanted
ble isotope 2. High performanc
Technology 1. Si sta (30Si) marker e isotope analyzing technology
Ultra-high precision manufacturing and processing Area Nanoimprinting
technology ing methods and materials 1. Pursuit of miniaturization and production efficiency 2. Diversification of transcrib
Pulse laser processing technology
1. From 2D to 3D miniaturization 2. Merger of other processing technology
Airplane and Transp Equipment ortation
38
Manufacturing policy ntal load pment and requirement of
lighteexamined. 2. Fuel efficiency tairplanes
1. Based on the soenvironmeairplane for
cial requirement for enhanced fuel efficiency and low of the transportation equi
r body, areas based on light and strong materials are
arget for 2020: by 50% for automobiles and by 30% for
Challenges 1. Depletion of iron2. Cooperation among university, industry and administration for efficient
ment
ore, fossil fuel and other natural resources
technological develop Area Automobile 1. Low fuel consumption by new energy and
vigation technology
light-in-weight car body 2. Enhanced safety and comfort by providing naassistance and automatic driving
Airplane 1. Light-in-weight body using CNT composite
t materials
2. Improvement of conventional CFRP characteristics→ multi-functional 3-phase nanocomposite 3. Merger with nanoelectronics→ smar
Engine for 1. To withstaaerospace planes nanometal
nd high temperature using heat-resistant
Higher fatigue withstanding performance of at-resistant alloy for engine (nanostructure)
2. Highly rigid structural materials (light alloy and omplex materials)
material technology that can be used to
Rocket 1.he
c3. Highly reliablea manned rocket
Space satellite 1. Highly rigid structural materials for space satellites technology and manned
2. Improved compatibility with the space environment of exposed members
aerospace plane 3. Low hazardous incombustible technology of mtechnology used in the manned environment
aterials
So c ines otechnology Business Creation Initiative
ur e: “NBCI bus s strategy roadmap Ver. 1” by Nan
39
3. B b
The direction notechnology product market is highly affected by the trend of
plant investment by
products) and their co and devices, elements and raw materials, and the condition of
nat n mpl
frequently used by univ institutes tend to be gloomy. On the other hand,
the of SEMs a oothn
growth due to the demand of digital s, LCDs, semiconductors and
automobiles toward 2008 Olympic Games
product categories of g plant i ales price
decrease.
For SPMs, CLSMs (for biologic
growth in the market
As not a long time has cr easurement system was practically in use, the
focus is being on the ation of th
near-field scanning optical microscope. In
necessary to accumulate enough database m for micro Raman measurement
system and to develop probes for near-field
As to software for data analysis rket for this product will grow or not
dep n s on increase in
functions such as a mod ting anal
usiness Prospect y Product
of each na
semiconductor, digital home electric appliances (electric and electronic
mponents
io al budgets co ied by the Japanese Government. In general, the prospect for TEMs that are
ersities and public research
markets nd surface sm ess measurement systems is expected to make a certain
home electric appliance
in Beijing, China, with a negative trend observed in such
suppressin nvestment by the manufacturers because of s
al use) and micro Raman measurement system, further
is expected triggere
lapsed since a mi
d by expanded applications in the biological industries.
o Raman m
dissemin e system for industrial application in the future, like a
order for these systems and products to disseminate, it is
on specimen spectru
scanning optical microscopes.
, whether the ma
e d users of nanotechn
ule connec
ology materials and elements and development of new
ysis databases.
40
II. Laws and Regulations
There are no governing laws and regulations in the case of nanoscale equipment for
visualization and measurement, however, the most important to note is in-house standards and
criteria of each user companies, which normally include stricter and higher standard than ISO and
JIS. In this chapter, safety criteria and standards are explained, because they seem to be related
commonly with the participants in this industrial sector.
A. Safety Criteria of Laser Beams
Through laser beams do not accumulate in human body to do harm to it, it can be said as
dangerous to the point that they generally has high energy density and hence the hazardousness to
man bohu dy has to be considered. In order to protect workers from potential hazards of laser
beams, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and other entities establishes a list of
laser-emitting machines by output level as follows.
Fig. 18: Classification of Laser-emitting Machines by IEC
Class Hazardousness Class 1 These are eye-safe under normal operating conditions. Class 1M Similar to Class 1 lasers, these contain lasers with the wavelength of 302.5 nm to
4,000 nm. Viewing directly using magnifying glasses increases the hazard. Class 2 These are visible lasers which wavelength extends from 400 nm to 700 nm. The
hazardousness can be alleviated by just blinking eyes. Class 2M Similar to Class 2 lasers, these are also visible lasers with the wavelength of 400
nm to 700 nm, and hazardousness can be alleviated by just blinking eyes. However, viewing them with the aid of optical instruments is potentially hazardous.
Class 3R These lasers have the wavelength of 106 nm to 302.5 nm and viewing them directly with the naked eyes is potentially hazardous.
Class 3B Viewing them directly with the naked eyes is always hazardous. However, viewing of the diffuse reflection is, normally safe.
Class 4 Radiation of these lasers is always dangerous. They can irritate skins and can set fire to materials onto which they are projected.
Source: Website of Keyence Corporation
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare sets the guideline for prevention of damages
by laser beams.
41
Fig. 19: List of Measures for Laser-emitting Equipment by Laser Class by the Ministry of Health,
abour and Welfare L
Laser Class
2MMeasure (descriptions omitted) 4 3B 3R
1MAppointment of laser equipment controllers ○ ○ ○*1 S ○ ○ etting restricted areas (signs and keep-out)
Path position ○ ○ ○ ○ Approof the p
priate design and shielding aths
○ ○ ○*1 Path of laser beams
Appropriate terminal ○ ○ ○*1 ○*2
Key control ○ ○ E-stops E-stop switch ○ ○
Alarms ○ ○ ○*1 E-stops
Shutters ○ ○ Interlock systems ○ ○
Laser Equipm
○ ○ ○
ent
Injection hole displays Operating position ○ Measures for adjusting optical systems ○ ○ ○ ○
Protection goggles ○ ○ ○*1 Work cloth with less exposure of skins
○ ○
Wor
Protection equipment
○ Use of incombustible materials Maintenances ○ ○ ○ ○ Safety and ○ health education ○ ○ ○
Check of anterior segment of the eye (cornea and lens)
○ ○ ○*1
k and Hntro
c. Medical cealth C
ol, et
heck Fundus examination ○ Laser equipment controller ○ ○ ○*1 Hazardousness/harmfulness and ○ ○ ○ cautions for handling
○ Display
Indication of laser equipment installation place
○ ○
Display o f high tension component No hazard ous materials Measures against hazardous gasses and dusts
Othe
ical tre
rs
Med atment by a physician to workers exposed to laser beams Circles in the ab
equipment emitting laser beams of the wavelength other an 400 nm to 700 nm.
2: Laser equipment shown in Section 10.6 of JIS requires safety measures at the terminal position f laser pa
tion by Director of Labor Standard Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare ed March 25, 2005)
ove table shows safety measures required. *1: Safety measures are required to laserth*o ths. Source: NotificaNo. 0325002 (dat
42
B. Japan Industrial Standard (JIS)
Display of a JIS mark is not mandatory Putting a JIS mark to imported products other
than those under the Technical Regulation of Agreement on Technical Barrie (TBT) is
subject to certifica WTO Standard Code. sh p t
opes, grain size distribution asu ent machines and
Fig. 20: R Japa
Numbers Title
.
rs on Trade
tion by JIS in accordance to the JIS ows roduc standard
to microscopes including electronic microsc me rem
other products.
elated Documents in n Industrial Standard (Excerpts)
JIS K 0132:1997 General rules for scanning electron microscopy
JIS B 9921:1997 Light sc tic particle counter attering automa
JIS B 9925:1997 Light sc tomatic particle counter for id attering au liqu
JIS Instruments for the measurement of surface hness by the
erferometric method
B 0652:1973 roug
int
JIS Information technology -- Computer graphics and i age processi g --
Language (VRML) -- Part unc nal
specifica
X 4215-1:1998 m n
The Virtual Reality Modeling 1: F tio
tion and UTF-8 encoding
Source: Website of Japan Standar ociation
dards Association
Japanese: http://www
: http://www.j .asp
Please note that a ce ould be required for taile
information from the a
ds Ass
Website of Japan Stan
.jsa.or.jp/default.asp
sa.or.jp/default_englishEnglish
rtain amount of fee w de d
bove-listed sites.
43
III. Governmental Measures
A. Formation of Basic Program for Science and Technology
Based on the Science and Technology Basic Law, the 2nd term Basic Program for Science
and Technology, which was positioned as a guideline for the entire science and technology policy for
5 years from the fiscal year of 2001, was decided at a Cabinet meeting in March 2001.
In that Program, four industrial areas were designated to which research and development
ritization of science and
technolo one of the Program's pillars. And “N hnology materials” was included
in t the fo nce and technological
dev
s of th ogy of strategic
pri notec
domains:
i ate
ii) Materials for environ
iii) Microsystems and m iotechnology that utilizes and controls
iv) Fundamental technologies such as measurement, assessment, processing, numerical analysis
and si affect on
v) Substa ovative physical properties and functions
The based on the idea of research and
development election of
fundamental ing this target by identifying items to be
stablished while looking the business prospects 10 to 20 years ahead of time, taking into
consideration that the prioritization of research and development aims at conquering national and
social problems.
Under such basic policies, various projects on nanotechnology are planned and
implemented. In the following pages, two ongoing projects are outlined. These projects have
more than a little impact on the market of nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement
and the future of the Japanese nanotechnology-related market in general.
In the 3rd Science and Technology Basic Plan starting from April 2006, 62 priority science
and technologies including 5 national core technologies are preferentially invested. The investment
scale for 5 years is planned as 25 trillion yen. In the domain of nanotechnology materials, 10 items
including “Development and public use of X-Ray Free Electron Laser” are chosen in the priority
science and technology.
resources are allocated on a priority basis based on the “strategic prio
gy,” which is anotec
hem that supports undation for making a leap forward of broad scie
elopment.
On the basi e concept of the Basic Program for Science and Technol
oritization, the ‘Na hnology materials’ is further categorized into the following 5 preferential
) Nano-device and m rials for the next generation information communication system
mental preservation and higher utilization of energy
aterials for medical use, and nanob
biological mechanisms
mulation, as well as other areas they may
nces and material technologies that add inn
concept of selecting the priority domains is
aiming at practical use and industrial application within 5 to 10 years, and s
technologies that is mandatory for realiz
e
44
B. Nanotechnology Program
It was in February 2004 when the Ministry of Economy, Technology and Industry set out
s “basic
ology that
an bring
it plan for nanotechnology program.” The aim of the program is to establish technological
foundation for reinforcing competitiveness of the Japanese industries and sustainable development
of Japanese economy through research and development of “nanotechnology,” a key techn
c innovative development to broader technical and industrial fields including making a leap
forward of substance functions, significant energy saving and reducing environmental loads.
Fig. 21: Bird’s Eye View of Nanotechnology Program
Source: Nanot
Nanotechnology Program 2009 (FY)
T4E
Market size: 19,100 billion yen Employment: 516,000 Aim of Policy
Finding and nourishment of technological seeds
The
technology to
technologies
establishing b
functions and
Nanomaterial process technology
Mismatc
Supp
ort f
oal
ut
iliz
r pra
ctic
atio
n Nanoprocessing and measuring technology
Advanced nanocarbon application project
Advanced diamond device project
Res
earc
h &
Dev
elop
men
t
logy
to b
e es
tab
and
pr
ded
by0
201
lishe
dov
i
•Creation of new industries •Maintenance and enhancement of
al ness internation
competitive
Development of materials for practical utilization of nanotechnology
Hs
Fg Advanced information communication equipment and
device foundation program
Cooperations
• Lea • Fund
d the world market
amental
broader technologies established inindustrial fields
Kno
ledg
infra
stru
ctur
eas
a b
usin
ess
we
Fo
rmat
ion
Highly functional nanotech glass project for photonic devicesHigh-strength nanotech glass project for displays Carbon nanotube FED project
Full color rewritable paper usingfunctional capsules project
H
Inform
ighly functional carbon material technology
ation communication foundation advancement program
arget Market size: ,750 billion yen mployment: 128,000
echnology Progra
nanotechnology
create hyperfin
to maintain or
asic and fundame
their processing a
h of seeds and needs Exploratio
Cooperation between universities and industries
Ha
Hy
D
m by the
program
e struc
enhance
ntal tech
nd mea
Nanobiotechnol
n of physical pr
uman resourcend mobilization
perfine technolo
igh-efficiency ultraviolet emiconductor emitter projects
undamental technology program such as next eneration semiconductor device process, etc.
ndat
ion
of n
anot
echn
o
ogy project
Matching of seeds and needs operties and structural analysis of nanostructure
Acquisition of international standard
gy-related industry finding and strategic research consignment project
Development and provision of standard material and measurement standard
Fou
s development
Establishment of a network among universities and relevant associations
Ministry of E
includes d
ture of subs
functions of
nologies in re
surement tech
45
isplay program
conomy, Trade and Industry
evelopment of processing and measurement
tances, forming, processing and assessment
such substances for industrial application,
lation to creation of hyperfine structure control
nologies. In addition, the data obtained from
such activities are systematically organized from the viewpoint of structure, function and process, to
can be applied to broader industrial areas by FY2007. METI
stimates the size of the market as 19,100 billion yen and employment of 516,000 people in 2010.
he follow
create knowledge foundations that
e
T ing table shows the development items included in the program package.
Fig. 22: Nanotechnology Program Package
Nanomaterials and processing technology FY2001 - FY2007
This aims at creating materials having new functions by controlling hyperfine structures. In FY2003, creation of new products applying carbon nanotube, etc., started. [Details] Nanostructured polymeric materials, nanotechnology glass, nanotechnology metal, synthesis
rticles, nanostructure coating, nanofunction n of nanotechn y materials program results
and advanced nanocarbon applic
and upgrading functionality of nanotechnology pamaterials, nanotechnology material metrolostemizatio olog
ation projects
Development of Nanoprocessing and Measuring Technology FY - FY2006 2002
Th fabrication process techn ogy using quan s indispedeveloping ne l d low environmental load materia nd full color rewritable paper usi , a new type of imaging media. I dinano level measuring techno or nanoprocessing. [Details] Nanofabricat um beams, nanostructure forming fo aintegration, 3D nanoscale c ce materials, and full color rewritable pf ts
ese inclu e nanod olxt generation electronic materia
tum beams that i nsable for s an
ng functional capsulesls, an ad
r ceraper u
tion, logy is developed f
ion process using quant mics sing ertified referen
unctional capsules projec
Development of Materia lols for Practical Utiliza n of Nanotechnotio gy FY2003 - FY 06 20
This aims at early laun ical seeds in th e-utilization e. [Details] Advanced diamond device functional nanotechnology glass for photonic d echn ays 【See the rela agCN ag ncy ultraviolet semiconductor emitter pand ultrah purity Cr-Fe chnology
ching in the market of technolog e pr stagprojectd p
project, highly teevices, high-strength nanot ology glass project for displ
es】, high-efficiees】, roject T-FED project 【See the related p
igh alloy utilization te
Nano ojebiotechnology Pr ct【See the related pages】 FY2003 - FY 06 20
To promote projects for dom d biotechnology. ains overlapping nanotechnology an
Advanced Information Communication Sy damental stem and FunDevice Pr ram 【See the related pages】 og
FY2001 - FY 07 20
Toward th en vanc munication network, developed such
e establishm t of the highly ad ed information comfundamental technologies for such communication equipment and devices will be as semiconductor fine processing technology.
【Related Measures】Grant System/Utilization Support Project -
The grant system2 aims at exploring technological seeds. Researches by private companies that are in the stage of practical use are financially supported.
Source: “Nanotechnology Program” by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
2 Grant system refers to financial assistance provided by such entity as New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization for research and development of the designated field.
46
C. Nanotechnology Comprehensive Support Project
Sponsored by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT),
6 universities and independent administrative agencies throughout Japan open their
facilities and advanced technologies to researchers of
oth research and development tion
is 5
and ties and agencies.
Hig
Syn s) and the Comprehensive Molecular and Material
Sy
cen
nan
(1)
basically utilizes technologies, know-how and existing facilities of
eac a and
sys ere
im
use
oth . The whole system is so constructed that
the specialties of appl
e using
com i ol,
wh Science and Technology opens a nano-foundry
sch
and
dis tive bodies are designed to tighten the relationship
wit
(2)
ection and
dissemination of information regarding nanotechnology, establishes a researchers’ network, educates
1
nanotechnology-related large-sized special
er universities and companies to provide them support. The dura
years from FY2002 to FY2006. For this purpose, MEXT is installing the state-of-art facilities
assigning competent technical specialists to the support-providing universi
The support providing entities are divided into the following four groups; the Ultra
h-Voltage TEM Analysis Group (4 entities), the Nano-foundry Group (5 entities), the
chrotron Radiation Analysis Group (4 entitie
nthesis and Analysis Group (3 entities).
In addition to this is the establishment of nanotechnology comprehensive support project
ter, where information related to nanotechnology is collected and disseminated, as well as
otechnology researchers are nourished.
R&D Support System
The support project
h support-providing entity. From FY2002 to FY2003, additional dvanced facilities
tems were installed at such support-providing entities and equipment and machines w
proved in order to facilitate efficient performance of the support project and upgrading the generic
of them. Specialist engineers are also assigned to such entities to provide R&D supports to
er entities from planning to measurement and analysis
advanced research results can be obtained regardless of icants.
In order to nourish nanotechnology specialists, schools are opened as time to tim
mon use facilities. For example, Osaka University provides an ultra h
ile National Institute of Advanced Industrial
gh voltage TEM scho
ool. User explanation meetings are also held as time to time. In addition to this are seminars
workshops where information related to the support system and research results are
seminated. Joint events with local administra
h local industries and to establish a network of researchers.
Nanotechnology Comprehensive Support Project Center
The nanotechnology comprehensive support project center provides coll
human resources and conducts public relation activities.
47
The center also collects the information regarding the trend of nanotechnology researches
e-mail magazines and bulletins. It
pens “nanotechnology comprehensive symposiums” and other meetings where researchers from
ultiple d
ltra Hig
in and out of Japan, and puts out through their own website,
o
m omains gather and exchange information , aiming at establishing a researchers’ network.
Its human resources education includes ‘nano-bio school’, an interdisciplinal school , and other
activities. Its public relation activities include making videos and exhibition of related pamphlets,
opening a “nanotechnology comprehensive support project” booth at trade fairs.
Fig. 23: Project Participants (R&D Supporting Entities) and Activities
U h-Voltage TEM Analysis Group (4 entities) Four entities having a ultra high voltage TEM (more than 1000 kV of accelerating voltage) provides outside nanotechnology researchers a chance to use the microscope and gives know-how on preparation and analysis of specimens through joint researches and user seminars.
NationalMateria
Institute for Materials Science (High Voltage Electron Microscopy Station and Advanced ls Laboratory)
- In situ analysis support using a high resolution analytical electron microscope
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku Universi
ty - Nanomaterials fine structure analysis support
Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University - Support for nanostructure analysis of materials and living organisms
The Research Laboratory for High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Kyushu University - High voltage electron microscopy support for developing nanomaterials
Nano-foundry Group (5 entities) 5 entities provide nanoprocessing and nano-foundry supports in a unique and diversified way including opening their nanoprocessing facilities to researchers in and out of them.
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology - Nanoprocessing Partnership Program
Nanotec
hnology Research Center, Waseda University - Custom nano-foundry support
Quantum Nanoelectronics Research Center of Tokyo Institute of Technology - Support for 3D nanostructuring using electron beam exposure
Nanotechnology Process Foundry, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University - Nanotechnology process foundry
Research Center for Nanodevices and Systems, Hiroshima University - Support for silicon nanostructure foundry
Sy on Radiation Analysis Group (4 entities) SPring-8 provides assistance mainly in basic researches such as identification of physical properties of nanotechnological substances. Ritsumeikan University features providing assistance of researches for application of nanoprocessing, etc. to industri
nchrotr
es using low energy light.
48
Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (SPring-83) - Analysis support using synchrotron radiation utilizing common-use beamline
National Institute for Materials Science (SPring-8) - Analysis support using synchrotron radiation utilizing wide energy range beamline
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (SPring-8) - Analysis support using synchrotron radiation utilizing the beamline of JAEA
Ritsumeikan University SR Center - Support for analysis of nanoscale structure and materials using synchrotron radiation
Comprehensive Molecular and Material Synthesis and Analysis Group (3They provide a packed services from synthesis and analysis of organic m
entities) aterials as a comprehensive
t of a certain other technologies. support of nanotechnology science and technology no
Institute for Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Sciences - Support for molecule substances nanoscience
Institute for Chemical Research, Venture Business Laboratory and Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University - Support for networking of substance nano precision analysis
Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University - Synthesis and analysis support of nanosubstances
(N contents of the support
(t
S t by MEXT
ote) Upper stand for institution/facility; Lower stand for
echnology/sector)
ource: Intermediate report on nanotechnology comprehensive support projec
3 Super Photon Ring-8, an experiment facility using irradiation light, which was established by then Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and Riken.
49
IV. Business Model and Practice
A
F of Nanoscale Equipment for Visualization and
M
market of nanoscale equipment for
v ere are no significant differences of product supply in
b ed into direct sales route and sales agent route.
or those which have already been in business in this market segment for a long time, and those
of the case, a network of their own sales agents have already been in place.
are in the
apanese market for a long time of period. Some sell products through their sales agents only,
while others sell directly to end users and through their sales agents depending upon products and
end users. It can be safely said that sales agent routes are often used for end users as universities
and researchers and in the case of selling generic-use products.
. Distribution Channel
ig. 24: Distribution Channel of Market
easurement (typical case)
The above diagram is a typical distribution channel of
isualization and measurement. Basically, th
oth routes. The supply chain can be roughly divid
F
Japanese companies
Overseas manufacturers
Foreign
–affiliated companies
users
End
Sales agents
Sales agents
which sell physical and chemical equipment in addition to nanoscale equipment for visualization and
measurement, most
These generally include major Japanese companies and foreign-affiliated companies which
J
50
B. Typical Business Model in Japan
hows a business model of Japanese companies and foreign-affiliated
ompanies in Japan in the market of nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement.
odel
Japanese companies manufacture and sell products at their factories and by purchasing or
importing them from other companies. They sometimes develop products jointly with other
companies or obtaining product development licenses. The joint development often includes
special orders from customers and end users based on their specifications. On the other hand,
foreign-affiliated companies in Japan often and basically import products from their head office or
from their production sites outside of Japan. Apart from products and parts warehouses and
product handling centers, they do not have their own production factories in Japan. This is a
Japanese companies
The following figure s
c
Fig. 25: Typical Business M
Foreign-affiliated companies
Distribution agents
Marketing/Sales
Import
Product Line
Sales
Joint Development,
License-in
In-house production
Marketing/Sales
Demonstration sites
After-sale service
Purchase in Japan
Customers and end users
Sales promotions
Seminars etc
Demonstration sites
After-sale service
Web siteAcademic meeting Trade fairs
51
noteworthy difference in supply chain between Japanese companies and foreign-affiliated
ompanies.
inars.
aving own website is indispensable for them to provide product information for their customers.
equipment for visualization and measurement on the web yet,
xcept for sales of consumabl
Each manufacturer recognizes that demonstration of equipment and devices are important
ales activiti functions and performan f them to customers. Based on such
cognitions, each company locates demonstration sites in their head office and sales offices. Some
anufacturers believe that the performance of demonstration affects the purchasing decision of
ustomers, in addition to produ t functionalities and prices, which is typically observed in
reign-affiliated companies.
In the business model o ajor companies, sales agents are generally expected to perform
) acceptance of inquiries for them, (ii) clerical works such as preparing documents and (iii) credit
ontrol and collection of trade account receivable, while salespersons and engineers of the
anufacturers are often in product explanat g applications, demonstrations,
ample analysis and o ise jobs. Especially, in the case of T ther devices used
r advanced industrial fields, higher degree of knowledge and experience or appropriate education
required to understan nd respond to the hig alized demands of end use In such cases,
alespersons and engineers of manufacturers are onsible for accepting inqu es, which is not
re. Apart from highly generic products such as in-atmosphere type SPMs, de ery, installation
nd handling instructions are often carried out by manufacturers.
Just the sam other hardware in general, nanoscale equipment for visualization and
easurement requires ter-sale servic uding m e of the h i important part
f the business. Quality and reliability of maintenance services are imp for end users
select products to purchase. Since the reliability and quality of maintenance service are, at times,
irectly related to the brand image of a manufacturer, many of small-sized manufacturers normally
ave their own after-sale service system. addition to its after-sale services, they
ometimes ride on such services provided by their vendors of parts and components.
c
Both Japanese companies and foreign-affiliated companies may have chances of sales
promotion by exhibiting their products in related academic meetings, trade fairs and sem
H
No companies sell their nanoscale
e e parts.
s es to show ce o
re
m
c c
f m
fo
(i
c
m charge of ion, showin
s ther expert EMs and o
fo
is d a hly speci
in resp
rs.
iri
liv
s
ra
a
e as
m af es incl aintenanc m; whic s an
o ortant factors
to
d
h Or otherwise, in
s
52
C. Business Practice in Japan
1. gency System
The sales agency system in Japan is often pointed out as a rare system in the business
practice of Europe and the U.S. The role and functions of sales agents can be roughly summarized
as follows.
Sales A
tories and researchers, it can be said that the Japanese market has a
ast layer
(3) Credit Control and Collection of Trade Account Receivable
In the case of transaction with sales agent, the direct customer of a manufacturer is its sales
agents who, then, sell products to end users. From the viewpoint of a manufacturer, it is very
convenient to the point that sales agents are the only subject of credit control, and that collection of
trade account receivable is rather easy when this is stipulated in sales agency agreements.
(1) Supplemental Organization of Manufacturers
Within its narrow land compared to the U.S. and Europe, Japan has 252 national and
public test laboratories, public research institutions, science and technological universities, institutes
and graduate schools and over 90,000 researchers working there. When taking into consideration of
private research institutes, fac
v of end users. In order to cover the gigantic market by a single manufacturer, it has to
have a quite a lot of employees and bear a tremendous cost. For this reason, many manufacturers
have a contract with sales agents having offices at each region of Japan to supplement shortages of
sales power and to conduct business efficiently. More precisely, manufacturers expect their sales
agents to obtain product inquiry information for them. However, some manufacturers tries to
increase direct sales without by way of sales agents due to the following reasons: (i) sales agents do
not always cooperative to sell preferentially the products of the manufacturer, as they handle
numerous products of more than one manufacturer and (ii) many products of nanoscale equipment
for visualization and measurement are very specialized in terms of specifications and requirements
of end users.
(2) Clerical Works
As a unit cost of products in this segment tend to be high, most of the case, preparing
documents such as purchase agreement will be necessary to deliver products to public institutions, in
particular. Therefore, a type of role sharing takes place between a manufacturer and its sales agents,
for the former concentrated to acquire businesses, while the latter is given such documentation
works.
53
2. Terms and Conditions of Transaction
cts in this segment are taken place in a form of sellout and leasing is
rely observed. The settlement basically is made in cash or promissory notes. Public entities and
niversiti for
ies the periods are normally be 90 days. A few companies make payment 150 days after
e date of invoice. The currency used is Japanese yen, normally, provided that the transaction
rtail cost by integrating the volume of products purchased.
Most of the produ
ra
u es normally pay in cash. The settlement terms differs depending on customers,
universities and public entities, payment is made approx. 30 days from the date of invoice, while
private entit
th
takes place within Japan only.
As to the difference of transaction type between Japan and other countries, some
companies point out acceptance inspection system. In the U.S. an invoice can be issued upon
delivery of products, while in Japan, an invoice can only be issued when the product has passed the
acceptance inspection after delivery. As with the exchange risks, the risk of transaction is normally
borne by seller.
In some cases the past record of transaction with the end user works for determining
whether the sales agreement is made.
3. Global Procurement System (Integration of Purchasing Functions)
Many major manufacturers having overseas offices are moving toward a global
procurement system or an integration of purchasing functions. This practice is particularly
observed in multinational manufacturers of automobile, steel and machinery. The purpose of such
practice is to cu
54
V. Market-Entry of Foreign-affiliated Companies
. Trend
g. 26: M
A of Foreign Companies Entered in Japan
The following table shows the history of foreign-affiliated companies advanced in the
Japanese market of nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement. (Some have no more
offices in Japan now, while others have offices in Japan, but might have withdrawn from this
industrial segment.)
Fi ajor Foreign-affiliated Companies Entered in Japan
Year Foreign-affiliated Company Country
1961 Established Carl Zeiss Japan Germany
1977 Established Beckman Japan (current Beckman Coulter) U.S.
1979 Estab
obson (current Taylor Hobson) U.S.
lished Bio-Rad Japan
Established Rank Taylor H
U.K.
1982 Established Renishaw KK U.K.
1984 Established Veeco Instruments U.S.
1987 Beckman Japan changed its corporate name to Beckman -
1989 Established Thermo Electron Corporation U.S.
1990 Established Leica Microsystems Japan Germany
1992 Established Accelrys Software Inc. U.S.
1996 Established Phillips Electron Optics (current FEI Company Japan
Ltd.)
Rank Taylor Hobson changed its corporate name to Taylor Hobson
The
Netherlands
-
1997 Horiba Ltd. acquired Instruments, Inc. (former Jobin Yvon) France
1998 Established Beckman Coulter (after merger with Coulter) -
1999 Established Varian Technologies Japan Ltd. U.S.
2000 Established Mahr Multisensor Japan (current Mahr Japan) Germany
2001 Phillips Electron Optics changed its corporate name to FEI Company
Japan Ltd. after merger with FEI Japan, a service providing company
U.S.
2002 Mahr Multisensor Japan changed its corporate name to Mahr Japan -
2003 Thermo Nicolet Corp. changed its corporate name to Thermo Electron
Corporation.
-
55
2004 Jobin Yvon changed its corporate name to Horiba Jobin Yvon
Carl Zeiss acquired Cell Science Division of Bio-Rad Japan
-
-
* Acquisition by Horiba Ltd. of Instruments, Inc. (former Jobin Yvon) in France is shown as a
ference only.
urce: H
In this segment, there are roughly three types of entering into the Japanese market by
Fi orpor Companies in Japan
re
So earings to major companies and reference documents released by each company
B. Major Type of Entering into the Japanese Market
foreign companies.
g. 27: C ate Form of Foreign-affiliated
Types Description
Trade es agent contract with a Japanese company to h
e a business in Ja n
office may be established.[Ex. Renishaw]
This type is to have a sal launc
products in Japan. After confirming that it can mak pan, a
Estab
Offices
lishing ffice from the onset of entering into the Ja se
pically observed to foreign-affiliated com
entities are sales of es,
t companies shown in the p s
is.
This type is to establish an o
market. This is a ty
pane
panies
currently operating in Japan. The status of these fic
branches, corporations and so on. Mos reviou
section, V. A., are categorized in th
Acquisition acquisition of a Japanese company a
me
ompanies are often observed. [Ex.: Former Nicolet
he opposite ca
This type typically is an by
foreign-affiliated company. In this market segment, selling and
parent c
rger of
Japan and
Thermo Electron Corporation].
* The case of purchase by Horiba Ltd. of Jobin Yvon is t se.
C. Key for Success and Challenges of Foreign-affiliated Companies in Japan
1. r Suc
(1) Functions o
It is c ompanies are in
ge igh-en ductio In
the case of pro arch purposes, in particular, researchers tend to choose products with
higher functions and such trend is more typically observed when the research is of an advanced
Key fo cess
f Products
onsidered that in this segment, products sold by foreign-affiliated c
neral h d type products with superior measuring functions, resolution and repro
ducts for rese
n.
56
na Some tain product ca gory
(CLSMs and m ly functional pro ct to
Some believe that a success of a foreign-affiliated company lies on, for example, the
r functions of the products. No
roducts with superior functions will sell well when the seller cannot propose how they can be
plied a
variety of concepts based on such needs. They can use a time lag of the
arket needs. Foreign-affiliated companies are effectively using such advantages proactively.
(3) Database
me fore
driven by broader ra
In the case of produ not long been utilized), it is not
rare t thei
data lyzing
as many sample ana
Europe, some companies s
past that an equipment uiring a database company.
(4) ope
For this in
condition. Using in
new application to cu funds. Few Japanese researchers in relation
to this industrial se some
reign-affiliated companies because they can disseminate measurement data of other countries
l Specifications
ture. foreign-affiliated companies occupy the top share in a cer te
icro Raman measurement systems) by providing such a high du
customers.
(2) Application
abundance and variety of applications in addition to superio
p
ap nd how they are used. A global company is capable of grasping wider range of product
needs and of creating
m
So ign-affiliated companies explain that their success in the Japanese market is
nge of specimen database they have, in addition to wide range of applications.
cts designed by novel technology (or that has
hat whether
library for ana
r products can enjoy trust of users or not directly depends on the abundance of
measurement data. It is an advantage of a global company to experience
lysis examples of users as possible to construct a database. In the U.S. and
ell measurement and analysis database. This actually occurred in the
manufacturer gained database by acq
Speed and Sc of Information Dissemination
dustrial segment, provision of information via internet is an indispensable
ternet enables them to show product information, related papers and thesis, and
stomers without investing a lot of
gment have difficulty reading English, and it is an advantage for
fo
promptly.
2. Challenges
(1) Requirement for Specia
Apart from products for generic applications, products for research purposes sometimes
require special specification customized to each end user. Some foreign-affiliated companies find it
difficult to respond to such needs when they do not have any production sites in Japan. When such
special specifications were to be required at always, they would be able to ask their head office to
57
apply such specifications. However, as such requirements should be treated case by case, it is
difficult for them to respond to it.
(2) Market-In
gn-affiliated companies point out that Japanese end users care for meticulous
tails, es
ent and Abolishment of Products
Many forei
de pecially the handling easiness of units. For example, it is believed that the number of
right-handed people in Japanese people is more than those in the U.S. and Europe. Most of the
case, products manufactured by foreign-affiliated companies are sold to Japanese users without any
modification. Some users say that as Japan is one of the largest markets of this segment in the
world, the products sold in Japan should be designed and developed for use especially for Japanese
people.
(3) Amendm
Most foreign-affiliated companies change a model of a product or abolish manufacturing
of a product as announced in advance without fail. While this is beneficial for such companies to
clear inventories and promote new products on one hand, for end users, it may be a disadvantage for
them, if such end users want to continue using conventional models.
58
VI. Advices for Entering into the Japanese Market
A. Establishment of Offices
ide to purchase the product. Manufacturers share the idea that no customers will purchase
product without confirming whether it can meet the needs of observation and measurement of them
em during the sales promotion are feasible in the
roduct o
(2) Customer Support System
Secondly, a firm customer support system including maintenance services must be set up.
Such after-sales services are among the top conditions for selecting products by end users. Each
foreign-affiliated companies in Japan considers it imperative to provide highly professional service
networks that can respond to an emergent requirement of users. Provision of such services by
consigning it to a Japanese company is one of the options. This, however, involves concerns as to
how to maintain the quality of services.
(3) Global Procurement
As already mentioned, many major companies tend to concentrate global procurement
functions to their head office in Japan. Though it depends on procurement conditions, having
offices in Japan is often an advantage for new entrants for collecting market information and
opening account with Japanese companies.
This chapter mainly explains how to enter the Japanese market. However, in order to
successfully operate sales of products in Japan, it is necessary to show physical presence of the
entrant in Japan. This consists of (i) effective demonstration and (ii) customer support system.
(1) Demonstration of Products
Though it depends on users, product demonstrations are one of the important factors that
they dec
a
or not, or whether the point of sales shown to th
p r not. In order to conduct demonstrations, hiring local employees familiar with products
and selection of appropriate demonstration sites are indispensable. This is the first reason why new
entrants should have a site in Japan to make a success.
59
B. Future-Promising Market
Here, the business prospect is glanced by product category.
g. 28: M
EM: Tra
achine FIB: Focused ion beam system
Surface: Surface smoothness measurement system Software: Data analysis software
The figure shown above represents the size of the Japanese market in the world arena and
the speed of growth of the Japanese market of nanoscale equipment for visualization and
measurement. The x-axis represents the possibility of growth of the market (FY2003 – FY2005),
while the y-axis the share of the Japanese market in the world arena. An auxiliary line is drawn at
the 0% line on the x-axis to distinguish positive and negative, at 30% line on y-axis as the reference
Fi arket Share and Growth of the Market of Nanoscale Equipment for Visualization and
Measurement
[I] [II]
Legend:
T nsmission electron microscope SEM: Scanning electron microscope
SPM: Scanning probe microscope CLSM: Confocal laser scanning microscope
NSOM: Near-field scanning optical microscope Raman: Micro Raman measurement system
Particles: Particle system characterization m
[IV] [III]
TEM
SEM
CLSM
SurfaceSPM
NSOM
FIB
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
Share (%)
SoftwareParticles
Growth Rate (%)
arket
Raman
0.0
10.0
-20.0 -10.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
20.0
M
positivenegative [I][II]
[IV][III]
60
of the level of dominance in the market4.
The 1st quadrant, [I], is the area that the segment’s future growth and market share in the
orld are promising, with severe
ompetition waiting and may be attractive for a company with competitive advantages in product
occupies comparatively lowest part in the world market. If one of the reasons for
the low occupancy of Japanese market is just because the products are not in fashion in Japan, then,
it may worth for such company to enter the market. The 2nd, [II], and 3rd [III] quadrants (left side
of the 0% auxiliary line) are the segments that the future growth is currently questioned.
C. Others
(1) Establishment of Supply Chain Network and Reinforcement of Finance
When a foreign company to conduct business in Japan from the onset of its entrance using
its own direct sales system, it is natural that it examine utilization of agencies. As the market of
nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement deals with products requiring high
expertness, how to provide training to the agents should be of a great significance during or after the
establishment of supply chain network. As a significant expenditure will be necessary for
establishment of own customer support system to enhance trust of customers, or for conducting sales
using its own direct sales system, it will be a condition of entering into the Japanese market to have
enough finance system to support them.
(2) Presentation of Innovative Applications and Enrichment of Database
In the market of nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement in Japan,
apanese manufacturers tend to gain high assessment. Therefore, user requirements for products
ewly introduced in the market is necessarily high regardless of domestic or foreign manufacturers.
her performance and functions are required to products, it also becomes important to
ey can be used for.
filiated
pted
nese market,
w na is both positive. Items in this area can be said as future
c
functions and cost. While the 4th quadrant, [IV], suggests that the market growth is high, however,
Japanese market
J
n
While hig
present such applications as what can be done by using them and what purpose th
Recently, it is believed that end users will value on such aspects. When a foreign-af
company can provide high value-added products and present unique applications, it can be acce
in the Japanese market. Especially, for products that have newly entered into the Japa
4 For deciding the standard, the market occupancy ratio, etc., in the dominant firm regulation is used
r reference. The dominant firm regulation designates a business entity as a dominant firm if the tity occ
to prote
foen upies the market share of more than the designated level to regulate the business activity of it ct other weaker business entities. The market occupancy ratio for designating a company a dominant firm is 50% or above for anti-monopoly law in Japan, and 25% or above for Telecommunication Business Law. In this chapter, the ratio is designated as 30% taking into account of the current market conditions, as the level that a company will start to occupy a dominant share in the market.
61
such as micro Raman measurement systems, it will be of a great advantage to have rich database
used for analysis of measurement and observation data.
eria.
(3) In-house Standards
As discussed in ‘II. Laws and Regulations, JIS and ISO are two major standards governing
nanoscale equipment for visualization and measurement in Japan. Most of the corporate users
usually have their own in-house standards and criteria. The standards and criteria tend to be stricter
than JIS, ISO or those set by foreign corporate users, as assessed by foreign-affiliated companies and
manufacturers entered in Japan. Before entering into the Japanese market, it is desirable that the
products to be sold in Japan have been applicable to such stricter end-user standards and crit
62
VII.References
A. List of Related Organization/Companies
【Ministry, Public Research Organization】
Ministry / Organization
Name Location(Contact)/TEL/URL(Japanese, English)
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry
(METI)
1-3-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8901
TEL:+81-3-3501-1511
http://www.meti.go.jp/
http://www.meti.go.jp/english/index.html
Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and
Technology
(MEXT)
2-5-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8959
TEL:+81-3-5253-4111
http://www.mext.go.jp/
http://www.mext.go.jp/english/index.htm
National Institute for
Materials Science
1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047
TEL:+81-29-859-2026
http://www.nims.go.jp/jpn/
http://www.nims.go.jp/eng/index.html
Nanotechnology
Researchers Network
Center of Japan
2nd Fl., Toranomon 30 Mori Bldg., 3-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku,
Tokyo 105-0001
TEL:+81-3-5404-3280
http://www.nanonet.go.jp/japanese/
http://www.nanonet.go.jp/english/index.html
National Institute of
Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology
(AIST)
Tsukuba Headquarters
AIST Tsukuba Central 2,Tsukuba 305-8568
TEL:+81-29- 861-2000
http://www.aist.go.jp/index_ja.html
http://www.aist.go.jp/index_en.html
New Energy and Industrial
Technology Development
Organization (NEDO)
MUZA Kawasaki Central Tower, 1310 Omiyacho, Saiwai-ku,
Kawasaki 212-8554
TEL:+81-44-520-5100
http://www.nedo.go.jp/
http://www.nedo.go.jp/english/index.html
63
Ministry / Organization
Name Location(Contact)/TEL/URL(Japanese, English)
Japan Science and Kawaguchi Center B
Technology Agency (JST)
ldg. , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama
332-0012
48-226-5601
http://www .
http://www.jst.go.jp/EN/index.html
TEL:+81-
.jst.go jp/
National Institute of
Information and
ications
Technology,
.jp/ Commun
Kansai Advanced Research
Center
588-2 Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2492
TEL:+81-78-969-2100
http://www-karc.nict.go
http://www-karc.nict.go.jp/en/index.html
【Industrial Organization】
Organization Name Location(Contact)/TEL/URL(Japanese, English)
Japan Analytical
Instruments Manufacturers
3 Kandanishikicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
1
T
h r.jp/index.php
h lish/index-e.php
Association
rd Fl., Sakura Bldg., 1-10-1
01-0054
EL:+81-3-3292-0642
ttp://www.jaima.o
ttp://www.jaima.or.jp/eng
Japan Association for
International Chemical
N kyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0021
T
h
h h/index_e.htm
Information
(JAICI)
akai Bldg., 6-25-4 Hon-Komagome, Bun
EL:+81-3-5978-3608
ttp://www.jaici.or.jp/
ttp://www.jaici.or.jp/englis
Japan Optical Measuring
Instruments Manufacturers
K iba-Koen, Minato-ku, Tokyo
1
TEL:+81-3-3435-8083
h
Association(JOMA)
ikai Shinko Kaikan 204, 3-5-8 Sh
05-0011
ttp://www2.ocn.ne.jp/~joma/
Japan Precision Measuring
Instruments Manufactur
ers
Association(JMA)
3 2 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo
1
T
h
rd Fl., Masaki Bldg., 3-14-
05-0003
EL:+81-3-3434-9557
ttp://www5.ocn.ne.jp/~jma/
64
Organization Name Location(Contact)/TEL/URL(Japanese, English)
Japan Electronics and
hnology
Association(JEITA)
3rd Fl., Mitsui Sumitomo Kaijo Bldg. Annex, 3-11 Kanda- Surugadai,
C
T 3518-6425
h ese/
h nglish/
Information Tec
Industries
hiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062
EL:+81-3-
ttp://www.jeita.or.jp/japan
ttp://www.jeita.or.jp/e
Japan PersonalComputer
)
4 agatacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
1
T
h
h
Software
Association(JPSA
th Fl., Shuwa-tameike Bldg.,2-4-2 N
00-0014
EL:+81-3-5157-0780
ttp://www.jpsa.or.jp/
ttp://www.jpsa.or.jp/english/index_e.html
Semiconductor Equipment
Association of Japan
(SEJA)
6th Fl., Rokubancho SK Bldg.,3 Rokubancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
102-0085
TEL:+81-3-3261-8260
http://www.seaj.or.jp/
http://www.seaj.or.jp/english/index.htm
【A cademic Society】
Society Name Location(Contact)/TEL/URL(Japanese, English)
The Japan Society of
Applied Physics
1-12-3 Kudan-Kita, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
ish/index.html
5th Fl., Kudan-Kita Bldg.,
102-0073
TEL:+81-3 -3238-1041
http://www.jsap.or.jp/
http://www.jsap.or.jp/engl
The Optical Society of .
jsap.or.jp/OSJ/index-e.shtml
Japan
(An Affiliate of the Japan
Society of Applied
Physics)
5th Fl., Kudan-Kita Bldg
TEL:+81-3-3238-1043
http://annex.jsap.or.jp/OSJ/
http://annex.
Society of Nano Science er, 5-5-15 Nishinakajima,
-4806-5656
ano/
/index-e.html
and Technology
8th Fl., Shin-Osaka Central Tow
Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0011
TEL:+81-6
http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/sn
http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/snano
65
Society Name Location(Contact)/TEL/URL(Japanese, English)
The Society of Polymer
Science, Japan
Shintomicho-Tokyu Bldg., 3-10-9 Irifune, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0042
TEL:+81-3-5540-3770
http://www.spsj.or.jp/
http://www.spsj.or.jp/english-index.htm
The Japan Society for an-Kita, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0073
.jspe.or.jp/
ish/index.html
Precision Engineering
Kudan Seiwa Bldg.,1-5-9 Kud
TEL:+81-3-5226-5191
http://www
http://www.jspe.or.jp/engl
The Chemical Society of
Japan
hiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8307
emistry.or.jp/index-e.html
1-5 Kanda-Surugadai, C
TEL:+81-3-3292-6161
http://www.chemistry.or.jp/
http://www.ch
The Japanese Society of
Microscopy
1-6 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012
40
l
http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jsm/index-e.html
Otsuka 3 chome Bldg.,3-1
TEL:+81-3-5940-76
http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jsm/j_frame.htm
The Electrochemical
Societ
ARUSU Ichigaya 202, 4-8-30 Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
102-00
.electrochem.jp/
/index-e.html
y of Japan 74
TEL:+81-3-3234-4213
http://www
http://www.electrochem.jp
The Japan Institute of
Metals (JIM)
Bldg., 1-14-32 Ichibancho, Aoba-ku, Sendai
/
ndex-e.shtml
2nd Fl., Fly HAITO
980-8544
TEL:+81-22-223-3685
http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jim
http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jim/i
The Biophysical Soci
Japan
ety of (Nagoya University graduate
school engineering graduate course application physics)
ex-e.html
Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603
TEL:+81-52-789-3720
http://www.biophys.jp/
http://www.biophys.jp/ind
The Molecular Biology
Society of Japan,
-14 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
TEL:+81-3-5805-1901
http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/mbsj/
http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/mbsj/index-e.html
5th Fl., 1st Genesys Bldg., 2-31
113-0034(Med-issue Co., Ltd.)
66
【Japanese Company】
Company Name Head office/TEL/URL(Japanese, English)
AdvanceSoft Corporation h Bldg., 1-9-20 Akasaka, Minato-ku,
.jp/
7th Fl., 16th Kowa Sout
Tokyo107-0052
TEL:+81-3-5570-1680
http://www.advancesoft
ULVAC-PHI, Inc. agawa 253-8522
.jp/english/index.htm
370 Enzo, Chigasaki, Kan
TEL. +81-467-85-6522
http://www.ulvac-phi.co.jp/jp/
http://www.ulvac-phi.co
AET, Inc. wasaki 215-0033
p: m english/index.html
2-7-6 Kurigi, Asao-ku, Ka
TEL:+81-44-980-0505
http://www.aetjapan.com/gaiyo/company.html
htt //www.aetjapan.co /
SII NanoTechnology Inc. huo-ku, Tokyo 104-0041
w.siint.com/
dex.shtml
RBM Tsukiji Bldg., 2-15-5 Shintomi, C
TEL:+81-3-6280-0070
http://ww
http://www.siint.com/en/in
Elionix Inc. chioji, Tokyo 192-0063
.elionix.co.jp/englishtop.html
3-7-6 Motoyokoyama, Ha
TEL:+81-42-626-0611
http://www.elionix.co.jp/
http://www
Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. irakata, Osaka 573-1132 3-26-3 Shodai-Tajika, H
TEL:+81-72-855-8550
http://www.photal.co.jp/
http://www.photal.co.jp/english/index.html
Olympus Corporation Tokyo
Shinjuku Monolith, 2-3-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku,
163-0914
TEL:+81-3-3340-2111
http://www.olympus.co.jp/jp/
http://www.olympus.co.jp/en/
67
Company Name Head office/TEL/URL(Japanese, English)
KEYENCE Corporation 1-3-14 Higashi-Nakajima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 533-8555
TEL:+
ce.com/
81-6-6379-1111
http://www.keyence.co.jp/index.jsp
http://www.keyen
CYBERNET SYSTEMS
Co., Ltd.
-6 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012
p/english/
Nissay Otowa Bldg., 2-15
TEL:+81-3-5978-5404
http://www.cybernet.co.jp/
http://www.cybernet.co.j
SYSMEX Corporation , Chuo-ku, Kobe 651-0073
1-5-1 Wakinohama-Kaigandori
TEL:+81-78-265-0500
http://www.sysmex.co.jp/index.html
http://www.sysmex.co.jp/en/
SHIMADZU Corporation to 604-8511
/
1 Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyo
TEL:+81-75-823-1111
http://www.shimadzu.co.jp/
http://www.shimadzu.com
Sumisho Computer Systems
Corporation
quare Office Tower Z ,1-8-12 Harumi,
sh/index.html
Harumi Island Triton S
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-6241
TEL:+81-3-5166-2500
http://www.scs.co.jp/
http://www.scs.co.jp/engli
Tokyo Instruments, Inc. 134-0088
/
p/english/index.html
6-18-14 Nishi-Kasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo
TEL:+81-3-3686-4711
http://www.tokyoinst.co.jp
http://www.tokyoinst.co.j
Tokyo Electron Limited Minato-ku, Tokyo
-3-5561-7000
dex.htm
htm
TBS Broadcast Center, 5-3-6 Akasaka,
107-8481
TEL:+81
http://www.tel.com/jpn/in
http://www.tel.com/eng/index.
TOKYO SEIMITSU
Co., Ltd.
okyo 181-8515
TEL:+81-422 -48-1011
http://www.accretech.jp/
http://www.accretech.jp/?set_language=en&cl=en
9-7-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, T
68
Company Name Head office/TEL/URL(Japanese, English)
TOYO Corporation 1-1-6 Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8284
TEL:+81-3-3279-0771
http://www.toyo.co.jp/
http://www.toyo.co.jp/en/index.html
Tomoe Engineering Co., Ltd. Second Maruzen Bldg., 3-9-2 Nihombashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
103-0027
TEL:+81-3-3271-4055
http://www.tomo-e.co.jp/
http://www.tomo-e.co.jp/index_e.html
Nanophoton Corporation
R&D Center
ed Science and Innovation,
ita, Osaka 565-0871
/eng/index.html
A-509, Center for Advanc
Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Su
TEL:+81-6-6878-9911
http://www.nanophoton.jp/
http://www.nanophoton.jp
Nikon Instech Co., Ltd. idacho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki
ts.jp/jpn/index.aspx
ents.jp/eng/index.aspx
Parale Mitsui Bldg., 8 Higash
210-0005
TEL:+81-44-223-2160
http://www.nikon-instrumen
http://www.nikon-instrum
NIKKISO Co., Ltd. Tokyo 150-8677
nglish/index.html
3-43-2 Ebisu, Shibuya-ku,
TEL:+81-3-3443-3711
http://www.nikkiso.co.jp/
http://www.nikkiso.co.jp/e
Nihon Seimitsu Co., Ltd. ldg., 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi,
.nihon-s.co.jp/
8th Fl., Kawaguchi Center B
Saitama 332-0012
TEL:+81-45-225-5311
http://www
JEOL Ltd. a, Tokyo 196-8558 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishim
TEL:+81-42-543-1111
http://www.jeol.co.jp/
http://www.jeol.com/
69
Company Name Head office/TEL/URL(Japanese, English)
JASCO Corporation 2967-5 Ishikawamachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8537
/Japanese/home/index.html
TEL:+81-426-46-4111
https://www.jasco.co.jp
http://www.jasco.co.jp/
Japan Laser Corporation 2-14-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051
TEL:+81-3-5285-0861
p/
p/en_top.html
http://www.japanlaser.co.j
http://www.japanlaser.co.j
Hitachi High-Technologies okyo 105-8717
/oversea/index.html
Corporation
1-24-14 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, T
TEL:+81-3-3504-7111
http://www.hitachi-hitec.com/
http://www.hitachi-hitec.com
FUJITSU Limited Higashi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku,
jitsu.com/
bal/
Shiodome City Center, 1-5-2
Tokyo 105-7123
TEL:+81-3-6252-2220
http://jp.fu
http://www.fujitsu.com/glo
HORIBA, Ltd.
(Domestic selling agency,
BIN
YVON)
o 601-8510
/index_e.htm
Product of HORIBA JO
2 Kisshoin-Miyanohigashicho, , Minami-ku, Kyot
TEL:+81-75-313-8121
http://www.jp.horiba.com/
http://www.jp.horiba.com
Mitutoyo Corporation , Kawasaki 213-8533
o.co.jp/eng/index.html
1-20-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku
TEL:+81-44-813-8201
http://www.mitutoyo.co.jp/
http://www.mitutoy
UNISOKU Co., Ltd. , Osaka 573-0131
2-4-3 Kasugano, Hirakata
TEL:+81-72-858-6456
http://www.unisoku.co.jp/
http://www.unisoku.com/
Lasertec Corporation , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8551
1
http://www.lasertec.co.jp/
http://www.lasertec.co.jp/en/index.html
4-10-4 Tsunashima-Higashi
TEL:+81-45-544-411
70
Company Name Head office/TEL/URL(Japanese, English)
Yokogawa Electric
Corporation
/
2-9-32 Nakacho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8750
TEL:+81-422-52-5555
http://www.yokogawa.co.jp/
http://www.yokogawa.com
Marubeni Solutions
Corporation 02
Shibuya Minami TokyuBldg., 3-12-18 Shibuya,
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-00
TEL:+81-3-5778-8888
http://www.msol.co.jp/
http://www.msol.co.jp/english/index.html
71
B. List of Related Trade Show (holding periodically)
International Na Conference. nanotech2006 notechnology Exhibition&Organizer: nano tech executive committee Period: February 21(Tue) to 23(Thu), 2006 Place: Tokyo Big Sight (Tokyo International Exhibition Center) Reference: nanotech Execut
ICS ConventionSumitomo Corp anda-Nishikicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8449 TEL:+81-3-32
ive committee secretariat Design, Inc. . Jimbocho Bldg., 3-24 K
19-3531
SemiconJapan2006 Organizer: SEMI (Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International) Period: December 6(Wed)to 8(Fri), 2006 Place: Makuhari Messe (Nippon Convention Center) Reference: SEMI Japan Show section
7th Fl., Kenwa Bldg.,4-7-15 Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074 TEL:+81-3-3222-6022
JAIMA SHOW 2006 Organizer: Japan Analytical Instrument Manufacturers Association Period: August 30(Wed)to September 1(Fri) , 2006 Place: Makuhari Messe International Exhibition hall Reference: Japan Analytical Instrument Manufacturers Association JAIMA SHOW
committee secretariat 3rd Fl., Sakura Bldg,1-10-1 Kandanishikicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0054 TEL:+81-3-3292-0642、
HIKARI NANOTECH FAIR 2006 Organizer: Japan Optical Measuring Instrument Manufacturers Association(JOMA), Japan
Precision Measuring Instruments Manufacturers Association(JMA)
Period: June 7(Wed)to 9(Fri), 2006 Place: PACIFICO YOKOHAMA Convention Center Reference: Japan Precision Measuring Instruments Manufacturers Association Exhibits
department 3rd Fl., Masaki Bldg 3-14-2, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003 TEL:+81-3-3434-9557
72
Procedures for Investing in Japan
Ⅰ.
he ing a company in Japan, see JETRO’s website
(na Laws ness in Japan” under “Investing in Japan”)
htt etro.go can also be found.
Section 1. Incorpora
Planned areas of under the new Corporate Law
1.1 Types of oper
1.2 pes of business operation (branch office, corporation, and limited liability
p)
1 res fo ch offices/subsidiary companies
1 ation l
on ation and company seal registration certificate
1.6 Closure of br
(Reference)
1 ecialists on business establishment
2 or
Sec sas and
2 du
2.2 Relation betw esidence
2.3 Process from acqu
2.4 Types of working statuses
2
2 vi
2.7 Alien registrati
2 y perm
2 memb
2 o
(Reference)
1. Consultation w
2. Flowchart of p of operations in Japan and acquisition of visa/status
of residence
Laws & Regulations on Setting Up Business in Japan
Regarding t various procedures for establish
vigate to “ & Regulations on Setting Up Busi
p://www.j .jp/en/invest/setting_up/, where the following information
ting Your Business
amendment
ation in Japan
Comparison of ty
partnershi
.3 Procedu r registering establishment of bran
.4 Inform isted in articles of incorporation
1.5 Certificate registered company inform
anch offices or subsidiary companies
. Consultation with sp
. Procedures f establishing a representative office
tion 2. Vi Status of Residence
.1 Entry proce res
een visa and status of r
isit ligibility to acquisition of visa ion of Certificate of E
.5 Temporary visitor visa and status
.6 Reciprocal sa exemptions for temporary visitor
on
.8 Re-entr ission
.9 Family ers accompanying working foreign nationals
.10 Extension f period of stay and change of status of residence
ith specialists for procedures
rocedures for establishment
73
Section 3. Taxes in Japan
3.1 Overview of Japanese tax system for investment in Japan
3.
3.6 Overview of consumption tax
ational transactions
Cons specialists on accounting and tax support
Se
racts
4.6 Work rules
missal
sts on human resources
y and hiring staff
edures
Se
5.1 trademark and design
5.2 Japan's trademark system
5.3 Validity and term of trademark registration
3.2 Domestic-sourced income
3 Overview of corporate income taxes (corporate tax, corporate inhabitant tax, enterprise tax)
3.4 Overview of withholding income tax
3.5 Tax treaties
3.7 Overview of personal tax system
3.8 Other principal taxes
3.9 Other taxation regarding intern
(Reference)
ultation with
ction 4. Human Resource Management
4.1 Application of laws
4.2 Recruitment
4.3 Labor cont
4.4 Wages
4.5 Legislation on working hours, breaks and days off
4.7 Safety and hygiene
4.8 Resignation and dis
4.9 Japan's social security system
(Reference)
1. Corporate benefit costs
2. Labor unions
3. Temporary workers
4. Subsidies
5. Consultation with speciali
(Flowchart)
1. Social and labor insurances procedures when setting up a compan
2. Annual proc
ction 5. Trademark and Design Protection Systems
Legislation on
74
5.4 Cancellation of trademarks
emarks
gns
llectual property rights
Ⅱ elated Laws and Regulations
oreign Exchange and Foreign Trade
ontrol Law, the Corporate Law, and the Antimonopoly Act. There are also regulations under the
ights Law that
ap g a business in Japan. Depending on the type of business, it may also be
ne icense or approval from a competent authority in accordance with applicable
la
Fo reign Exchange Law)
xchange and Foreign Trade Control Law stipulates rules for the minimum
ne tment of foreign trade based on the principle of freedom of foreign trade.
W invests in Japan (such as by equity participation in a Japanese
co , or establishment of a branch in Japan), it must follow the
pr x post factor reporting in principle or prior notification in part.”
C
rations used to be based on legislation such the Commercial Code, the
Yu w, and the Law for Special Provisions for the Commercial Code Concerning Audits,
et o the new Corporate Law enacted in June
20 ty of which is to take effect in May 2006. This simplifies startups, increases the
fle , and also
es e form of limited liability company, called Godo Kaisha, that limits the
ability of members but also allows broad autonomy under the articles of association. Increased
ivestitures, and equity swaps between foreign
an in May 2007.
C onopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade
5.5 The registration process
5.6 International registration of trad
5.7 Protection of designs
5.8 The registration process
(Reference)
1. Unregistered trademarks and desi
2. Consultation with specialists for inte
. Investment-R
Major investment-related laws and regulations include the F
C
Labour Law and the Intellectual Property R
ply to starting and runnin
cessary to obtain a l
ws and regulations.
reign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law (The Fo
The Foreign E
cessary control and adjus
hen a foreign company directly
mpany, provision of a monetary loan
ocedures for “e
orporate Law
Japanese law on corpo
gen Gaisha La
c. However, these laws were revised and reorganized int
05, the majori
xibility of corporate organizational structure, and streamlines restructuring procedures
tablishes a new Japanes
li
flexibility of payment of compensation for mergers, d
d Japanese companies will also enter effect
. The Act Concerning Prohibition of Private M
75
(A
otes free and fair competition by restricting private
m ever, deregulation is underway that essentially lifts
th companies and simplifies the M&A reporting system, among other
thi
Ⅲ
. Low-Interest Loans from the Development Bank of Japan (DBJ)
The DBJ offers low-interest, long-term loans to foreign companies making serious investment in
tment is expected to contribute to advances in Japan’s
Prefectural Governments
ntacting each prefecture directly, reading the Regional Information on
ETRO’s Web site <http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/invest/region>, or visiting a local JETRO Trade
n on JETRO Trade
Info
. JETRO Invest Japan Business Support Center (IBSC)
provides foreign companies with information necessary for investment in Japan.
<htt
quipped with all the tools necessary to
mediately launch business activities in Japan. The Center’s office space is equipped with all the
ntimonopoly Act)
The Antimonopoly Act prom
onopoly and unfair trade. In recent years, how
e ban on establishing holding
ngs.
Preferential Treatment for Investment in Japan
A
Japan for the first time, or to those whose inves
industrial structure, create new industries, or increase employment.
B. Subsidies, Tax Exemptions, and Low-Interest Loans from
Prefectural governments also offer various forms of support to foreign businesses investing in
Japan. The type and degree of support differs between prefectures. Interested companies can obtain
more information by co
J
Information Center. See <http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/jetro/network> for informatio
rmation Centers.
Ⅳ. JETRO Services
A
JETRO IBSC
p://www.jetro.go.jp/en/invest/investmentservices/facility.html> IBSC provides office space free
of charge to foreign companies, and its staff and advisers tap into a wide-ranging network spanning
the public and private sectors to provide a variety of information on investing in Japan. For further
information or to submit an application, please contact the nearest JETRO office .
<http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/jetro/network>
1. Provision of Free Office Space
IBSC has office space free of charge for foreigners hoping to enter the Japanese market or develop
business operations in Japan. The Center’s office space is e
im
tools necessary to immediately launch into business in Japan, including telephones and fax machines
76
with individual lines, and broadband access.
industries, and other subjects of interest to potential investors. IBSC also serves as a
ne-stop shop for information on administrative procedures and controls encountered by foreign
ompanies when entering the Japanese market.
ion on Investment in Japan
. The “Investing in Japan” Web Site
For foreign businesses interested in investing in Japan, JETRO’s website “Investing in Japan”
ive information and data on Japan’s investment environment, including
acroeconomic data, information on market institutions and incorporation procedures, and examples
hing a presence in Japan.
<ht
2. Consultations on the Japanese Market
IBSC’s full-time staff and market experts provide free advice on systems, market structures in
specific
o
c
3. Assistance with Incorporation Procedures
At ISBC, experts in fields such as corporation and branch registration, visas, taxation, and legal
affairs give free advice on the various procedures involved in establishing a company or other
business operation in Japan.
4. Introducing Support Companies and Arranging Visits to Potential Properties
IBSC can introduce agents, recruiting companies, real estate companies, and other companies that
can help foreign companies investing in Japan. Through its contacts with local governments, IBSC
also gathers information on real estate in specific regions, arranges visits to potential properties, and
sets up meetings with local government representatives.
B. Providing Informat
1
provides comprehens
m
of foreign companies that have been successful in establis
tp://www.investjapan.org>
2. Publications
JETRO publishes many books that summarize laws and procedures concerning investment in Japan.
For information on JETRO publications, see the JETRO Web page below.
<http://books.jetro.go.jp>
3. Seminars on Investment in Japan
JETRO organizes seminars and individual consultations in various countries to provide
information on a variety of themes, such as trends in the Japanese market, investment climate, and
laws and procedures concerning investment in Japan.
77
4. Library
At the JETRO Business Library, visitors can look through JETRO publications and trade and
r countries as well.
<
investment-related information from othe
http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/jetro/facilities/library>
78
List of Published Reports
and t to Japan.
t studies that have been conducted. at <http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/market/reports/ >.
. 1 Building Stones and Ceramic Tiles (1997) 2 Metal Building Fixtures (1997) 3 Nonprescription (OTC) Drugs (1997) 4 Optical Communication Products (1997) 5 Knitted Articles (1997) 6 Generation-Related Equipment (1997) 7 Waste Water Treatment Equipment (1997) 8 Recycling Equipment (1997) 9 Nutritional Dietary Supplement Products (1997)
10 Seafood Products (1997) 11 Jewelry (1998) 12 Wooden Furniture (1998) 13 Automotive Parts and Accessories Focus on the Aftermarket (1998) 14 Home Textiles (1998) 15 Wine (1998) 16 Coffee (1998) 17 Sportswear (1998) 18 Waste Treatment Equipment (1998) 19 In-home Health Care Services (1998) 20 Medical Equipment (1998) 21 Communication Equipment (1998) 22 Personal Computer Software (1998) 23 Beer (1998) 24 Fruit Drinks (1998) 25 Gardening Products (1999) 26 Environmental Measurement and Analysis Instrument (1999) 27 Glassware (1999) 28 Internet Service Providers (1999) 29 Mail Order Market (1999) 30 Cheese (1999) 31 Fresh Vegetables 32 Jam & Canned Fruit (1999) 33 Cosmetic (2000) 34 Wooden Building Materials (2000) 35 Children’s Wear (2000) 36 Electronic Commerce (2000) 37 Franchise Business (2000) 38 Swim Wears (2000) 39 Mineral Water (2000) 40 Black Tea (2000) 41 Processed Meat (2000) 42 Frozen Vegetables (2000) 43 Natural Honey (2000) 44 Mushrooms (2000) 45 Language Instructional Materials (2000) 46 Down - Filled “Futon” Bedding (2000) 47 Biotechnology - related Products (2000)
JETRO Japanese Market Report series is designed to give an outline of the Japanese market
thereby assist foreign companies in promoting the investmentes of the markeThe following is a list of titles with publication da
These reports are available on our website No
79
80
48 Retail Business (2000) 49 Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce (2000) 5
52 53
4 Wine (2001) Household Products (2001)
5555 ution Pension (2001) 6 d Products (2002) 666 ucts (2002) 6
ss Packages- (2003) ent Business (2003)
3)
nvironment: Facility Services (2004)
n and Measurement (2006) ealth-conscious Consumers and Environment and Health-friendly s (2006)
( offices at 1221 Avenue of orth Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL; 777 S. Figueroa Street, Los
; 245 Peachtree Center Avenue, Atlanta, GA; and 1200 tre all registered under the Foreign Agents Registration Act as
rganization, Tokyo, Japan. epartment of Justice, where the required registration statement is
ble stration does not indicate approval of the contents of the rnment.
0 Senior Citizen - related Businesses (2000) 51 Herbal Products (2001)
Confectioneries and Snack Foods (2001) Electronic Commerce ; Books and Music CDs (2001)
555
6 Spices (2001) 7 Nuts (2001) 8 Cut flowers (2001) 9 Businesses Related to the Defined Contrib0 Wind Power Generation - relate1 Electronic Component (2002) 2 Oral care Products (2002) 3 Canned Fish and Seafood Prod4 Seeds and Seedlings (2002)
65 Software Products-Busine66 The Staffing and Placem67 Food Service Industry (20068 Assistive Technology Devices (2003) 69 Medical Equipment (2004) 70 Japan’s Investment E71 Biomedical (2004) 72 Retail Business (2004) 73 Engineering Software Products (2004) 74 Mail-Order Sales (2005) 75 Hotels (2005) 76 Automobile Assembly Parts (2005) 77 Nanoscale Equipment for Visualizatio78 Environment and H
Products and Service
For U.S.circulation.) This material is disseminated by JETROthe Americas, New York, NY; 401 NAngeles, CA; 1221 McKinney, Houston, TX17th S et, Denver, CO, which areagents of Japan External Trade O
This material is filed with the Davaila for public inspection. Regimaterial by the United States Gove
81
Japan External Trade Organization Invest Japan Division, Invest Japan Department Ark Mori Building, 6F, 12-32, Akasaka 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6006, Japan Tel: +81-3-3582-5234 Fax: +81-3-3505-1854
Printed on recycled paper Printed in Japan
© JETRO 2006