March 31

CALICE Collaboration meeting

April 1 – 4

ECFA/DESY Linear Collider Workshop

Amsterdam

Mostly repeat from previous CALICE meeting

Additionally

Japanese Italian ECAL Kansas

Forward CAL

Simulations

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CALICE ECALPresented by J-C Vanel

ECAL general view

3rd structure (3×1.4mm of W plates)

370 mm

180 mm

Silicon wafer

2nd structure (2×1.4mm of W plates)

1st structure (1.4mm of W plates)

Detector slab

370 mm

8.5 mm8.5 mm

125

.6 m

m1

25

.6 m

m374.5 mm

374.5 mm

Alveolus

Front End electronics

(Cfi / W) structure type H

Silicon wafer

Shielding

PCB

Al. ShieldingPCB (multi-layers)

( 2.4 mm)

Silicon wafer(0.525 mm)

Tungsten(1.4 mm, 2×1.4 or 3×1.4 mm)

8.5

mm

Composite structure (0.15 mm / layer)

Transverse view

Detector slabDetector slab

PCB : PCB :

- 14 layers14 layers

- Thickness 2.4 mmThickness 2.4 mm

ChipsChipsChipsChips

PCB, Wafer, Chip : still in progressPCB, Wafer, Chip : still in progress

WaferWaferWaferWafer

PCB boardPCB boardPCB boardPCB board

Front end electronic : ASIC

New FLC_PHY2 – General presentation

FLC_PHY1 FLC_PHY2• Preamp 16 gains (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6pF switchable)• Lower noise (input transimproved)• Shaper bigain differential• track & hold differential

• Preamp 1 gain (1.5pF)• Low noise (2200e-)• Shaper Mono gainunipolar• track & hold Unipolar

Pin-Pincompatibility

AmpOPA

OPA

MUX out Gain=1

MUX out Gain=10

1 channel

• Physic prototype program is well advanced • First test beam with electrons mi 2004• First hadronic test beam 2005

• Prototype in beam ~ summer 2004– R&D (thermal et electronic)– Some part not so well covered

Collaboration welcome

http://polywww.in2p3.fr/flc/calice.html

LCCAL

LCCAL: Official INFN R&D project, official DESY R&D project PRC R&D 00/02Contributors (Como, LNF, Padova, Trieste): M. Alemi, M.Bettini, S.Bertolucci, E. Borsato, A.Bulgheroni, M. Caccia, P.Checchia, C. Fanin, G. Fedel, J.Marczewski,S. Miscetti , M. Nicoletto, M. Prest, R. Peghin, L. Ramina, E. Vallazza.

Presented by S Miscetti, A Bulgheroni

Pb/Sc + Si45 layers

25 x 25 x 0.3 cm3 Lead 25 x 25 x 0.3 cm3 Scintillator 3 layers of Silicon

1 x 1 cm2 pads at 2, 6, 12 X0

EE

11.5%E

Extensive Testing in Frascati Test Beam

Electrons and positrons

50 – 850 MeV

Energy selection 1 %

Up to 103 electrons/s

Energy resolution as expected

Recently inserted Si-Pads

E(MeV)

Conclusions and perspectives

• The LCCAL prototype is fully working! - more Si Pads are under constructions - the third Si layer will be fully equipped - multianode PMs to be installed in late autumn

Needs to start the simulation of this hybrid technique in LC software

• Succesfull test run with the whole prototype is under way at the BTF in Frascati

• Energy response and resolution as expected! Work is in progress to understand discriminating power of multiple hits by merging Silicon and Energy information.

• Two test beams at Higher Energy in preparation:PS (June 2003 ??) SPS (August 2003)

AHCAL: impressive progressPresented by V Korbel

Tests of plastic scintillator

Fiber routing optimization

Selection of wavelength-shifting fibers

Coupling of WLS-fibres to scintillator

Clear fiber selection

Connection of WLS and clear fibres

Photodetectors:

remaining candidates: APDs and Si-PMs

2 ns

2 mV

Some features:• Sensitive size 1x1mm2 on 1.5x1.5 mm2

• Gain 2106 at Ubias~ 50V • Recovery time ~ 100 ns/pixel• Nuclear counter effect: negligible (due to Geiger mode operation)• Number of pixels: 576, now 1000/mm2

• Dynamic range > 200

R&D at MEPHI (Moscow), B. Dolgoshein, together with PULSAR (Russ. Industry)

R 50

h

pixel

Ubias

Al

Depletion Region2 m substrat

e

ResistorRn=400 k

20m

42m SiPMs, Silicon Photomultiplier

For further details see:«Advanced study of SiPM»http://www.slac.stanford.edu/pubs/icfa/fall01.html

Performance of SiPMs with 1 Scintillator Tile

DESY e-test beamwith various Si-PMs (MEPHI)

4-8 pe576 px53-55V

15 pe1000 pxSi-PM on tile

10 pe, 576 px54V

minical

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

MIP Detection by one cell ( 3 Tiles + 3 SiPMs)

98% efficiency

Dar

k ra

te, H

z

Threshold, phe

MIP

de

tect

ion

eff

icie

ncy

Si-PM’s, dark rate and MIP detection

Sum of 3 tiles ine-beam test atDESY

576pix/mm2From Elena Popova, MEPhI

Minical arrayAssembled with up to27 scintillator layers, of 9 tiles each, 5x5X0.5 cm3

243 scintillator tiles or81 cells of 3 tilesread out by ~ 50 cm WLS fibres to photo-detectors:

APD’s: 3 tiles/APDMA-PMs: 16fold, 3 tiles/pixelSi-PMs: 1 tile/Si-PM•also:1x32 M-APD array (Pra

Stack and Tile structure

Aim of this device is:cosmics, study of:•LY•uniformity of response•calibration with MIPs•stability of MIP signals•different photodetectors•long term ageing

LED monitoring:•stability•dynamic range

e-beam, study of:•energy resolution•constant term

1. Enough LY from TFS (~200 photons at photodetector)2. APD’s and SI-PMs are the photodetectors which do the task3. Preamplifiers with low noise are essential (MIP-noise separation,calibration)4. Minical test to establish calibration precision in summer5. Now design of prototype boards for APD and Si-PMs, DUBNA6. Photodetectors, large quantity to order in summer:

• 1000 APDs or • ~ 5000 Si-PMs or • both types in relevant quantities e.g. ~250/3500

7. Prototype stack (1m3) will be build in summer8. Assembly of PT-stack with TFS starts in Jan. 20049. Spring 2004 is used to set up and calibrate all channels with cosmics.

Outlook

DHCAL: Choice of Active Media

Technologies investigated

a) Scintillator Northern Illinois University

b) Gas Electron Multipliers University of Texas at Arlington

c) Resistive Plate Chambers IHEP Protvino JINR Dubna

Argonne National Laboratory Boston University University of Chicago Fermi National Laboratory

d) Short Drift Tubes IHEP Protvino

Requirements

Possibility of readout with fine segmentation of O(1 cm2) Acceptable level of ‘cross-talk’ between channels Reliable, robust, long life of O(> 10 years) Affordable

Presented by J Repond

Group Russia USResistive plates Glass

Mode of operation Avalanche

Number of gas gaps 1 2

Number of pads 16 25

Tests with Sources

Cosmic rays

Test beams

Sources

Cosmic rays

Measurements Charge, efficiency and noise rates versus HV

Pad multiplicity versus HV Pad multiplicity

Pad multiplicity for various tanode

Comparison of various tgas gaps

Rate capability

Charge vs distance

Resistive Plate Chambers RPCs

RPC: A few examples from the Russians…

Efficiency versus rate for avalanche and streamer mode

Pad multiplicity versus charge for different anode thicknesses

№ Item avalanche streamer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

Working mixture HV working point, kV Induced charge, pC Threshold on 50, mV Efficiency, %

Q / Q Pad multiplicity Noise, Hz/сm2 Rate capability, Hz/сm2 Ageing effects

TFE/Iso/SF6=93/5/2 8.4 3.4 1-2 >99 ~ 1 1.5

~ 0.5 300 no

TFE/Iso/Ar=85/10/5 7.0 300

50 - 200 ~95

~ 0.6 1.4 - 1.5

~ 0.1 4 - 5

observed

Conclusions about comparison of modes of operation

Name of chamber AIR0 AIR1 AIR2

Date of construction 11/2002 1/2003 1/2003

Active area 20x20 cm2 20x20 cm2 20x20 cm2

Number of gas gaps 2 2 2

Glass thickness 0.85 mm 1.1 mm 1.1 mm

Thickness of gas gap 0.64 mm 0.64 mm 0.64 mm

Resistive layer Graphite Ink Ink

Surface resistivity ~300 kΩ/□ ~200 kΩ/□ ~1200 kΩ/□

Streamer signal starting point

7.5 kV 6.7 kV 6.6 kV

Pedestal width ~15 fC ~8 fC ~8 fC

Gas mixture

Freon/Argon/IsoButane = 62:30:8

In future

Freon/IsoButane/SulfurHexafluoride = 92:5:3

RPC: A few examples from the Americans…

Measurements of efficiencies

Counting charges above Q0 Counting events above V0

Efficiency greater than 90% in avalanche mode (plateau ~200V)Small fraction of streamers

Efficiency greater than 90% in avalanche mode (plateau ~300V)Small fraction of streamersNoise rate ~50Hz for avalanche mode

This is low!

Central pad with maximum charge: select avalanches

Looking at individual pads

Charge on neighboringpads small!

Short Drift Tubes STDs

Cell size 1 cm2 x 3 mm

Gas: IB:Ar:TFE = 80:10:10

Efficiency and Multiplicity

As function of High Voltage

Currently using flammable gas,exploring performance with other mixtures

DHCAL Readout schemes

Real challenge…. 1 m3 prototype: 400,000 channels!

IHEP Protvino Conditioning + FPGA + Serialiser

JINR Dubna Comparators + FPGA + VME

US groups Custom FE ASIC + concentrator + collector

Korea Testing entire chain of comparators and digital processing

Imperial College London

Adapting ECAL readout scheme to A/DHCAL

Readout at Protvino

Conceptual design

readout for 64 channels

I Conditioning (analog)

II FPGA (digital)

III Serializer (readout of several FPGA)

May 6, 2003

Design of readout system in US…

System overview

I RPC ASIC located on the chambers

II Data concentrators

funnels data from several FE chips

III VME data collector

funnels data from several data concentrators

IV External timing and trigger system

May 6, 2003 29

Conceptual design of readout pad

Attempt to minimize cross-talk

Overall thickness 2 - 3 mm

One ASIC for 64 (or 128) channels

Will need 6250 (3125) ASICs for 1 m3 prototype

First version of boards being laid out

ASIC: Analog signal processing

Each channel has a preamplifier

Needed for avalanche mode Can be bypassed (in streamer mode) Provides pulse shaping Provides polarity inversion

Modes of operation

I Trigger-less operation Timestamp counter running inside chip (with external reset) Store timestamp and channel number when hit

II Triggered operation

Provide pipeline for temporary data storage Provide trigger input to capture data of interest (Provide trigger output: 1 bit) Timestamp to identify event

Design of ASIC: Digital Processing Functions

Attempt to implement features possibly useful for other detectors

Significant overlap with what is needed for Off-axis detector

Performance specifications being defined now…

Simulation Studies for DHCALThe NIU Report Presented by V Zutschi

Progress with the Development of EFAs at Argonne

Presented by J Repond for S Kuhlmann and S Magill

Definition of a weight for CAL cells: Wi = k Σ(1/Rij)High weight cells chosen as seeds for clusteringTested on π0 → γγ, Σ+ → pπ0

Implementation of jet algorithm First results on analog vs digital (different cell sizes)

CALonly

EFanalog

EFdigital

Development of track shower matching: TESLADefine cell weights depending on # of neighbors w/in 40 cellsCells with W > 1/40 treated as seeds for clusteringDeveloped Photon Finder

Perfect EFA

Goal σEM = 1.4 GeV

Compare to h0 σh = 2.9 GeV

σEM = 2.8 GeV

Politics…Status and Plans of TESLA Presented by A Wagner

More information and upcoming meetings…

Talks from DHCAL meeting in Paris on 28-February-2003

See http://polywww.in2p3.fr/flc/agenda_dhcal_280203.html

Next DHCAL meeting at DESY on June 30, 2003

Talks from CALICE meeting in Amsterdam on 31-March-2003

See http://polywww.in2p3.fr/flc/agenda_CALICE_310303.html

Talks from LC workshop in Amsterdam, April 1 – 4, 2003

See http://www.nikhef.nl/ecfa-desy/flashindex.html

Review of status of different DHCAL efforts

First attempt to provide costing for different readout options

Specifications for mechanical absorber structure: separate from AHCAL? stainless steel? gap thickness? variable?

Co-operation on RPCs and readout with Russians?

Date almost final