margaret thatcher the iron lady 1925-2013. early life thatcher’s father was a grocer, preacher,...
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Margaret ThatcherThe Iron Lady
1925-2013
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Early Life
• Thatcher’s father was a grocer, preacher, and local mayor.
• He was active in Conservative politics.
• Young Margaret studied chemistry at Oxford.
• She also studied law and eventually became a barrister.
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Noblesse Oblige• Class has been the biggest
CLEAVAGE or division in British society / politics.
• Most of the British PM’s have come from prestigious schools like Oxford and Cambridge.
• Noblesse Oblige is the concept that the upper classes (wealthy) must look out for the lower classes (poor).
• Welfare State• Era of Collective Consensus
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BackBencher• First elected to Parliament in 1959 she slowly rose
through the ranks. PM’s who do not have much actual power are often referred to as Backbenchers.
• She entered the Shadow Government in 1967 which means she was becoming more influential in her own party BUT that her party (Conservatives) did not hold a majority.
• She took control of the Conservative Party from Edward Heath in 1974.
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1979 – First term as Prime MinisterHead of Government
• Britain’s economy was in a poor state.• End of Collective Consensus Era and the
beginnings of PRIVATIZATION or THATCHERISM.
• Stripped away government regulations and subsidies. Many accused her of being a “union buster”.
• Unemployment rose and inflation went up.
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NHS
• The National Health Service is a popular BUT somewhat controversial program in Great Britain.
• PM Thatcher proposed “scrapping” the whole program but she faced strong resistance even from her own party.
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Second Term - 1983
• The Conservatives won a large majority in the General Election of 1983. This continued the Tories control of government throughout most of the 21st century.
• Thatcher was divisive but generally popular in the UK. She often skewered the Labour Party or the “Looney Left”.
• She forged a strong bond with Ronald Reagan against the “evils” of Communism and the Soviet Union.
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Cold Warriors
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Euroskeptic
• PM Thatcher was not a fan of full integration with the rest of Europe.
• In particular she did not want to tie the UK to a common monetary policy (Euro).
• Felt that the Parliament would lose sovereignty. During her tenure the UK did not fully integrate wit the rest of Europe.
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The End
• Thatcher won a 3rd term of office in 1987.• However her party had become deeply
divided over the EU and the Conservatives had almost no support in the inner cities.
• With the economy worsening in 1989 she was basically forced to resign under pressure from fellow Conservatives.
• She died in London in 2013.
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