Violence forms and topics to be covered in the questionnaire

Maria Giuseppina Muratore

Luxembourg 16/02/2017

IndexWhat to collect….

Forms of violenceSeverity and frequency, consequences of violenceEpisodes’ dynamicsCauses of violence and factor risk (Violence in childhood, Witnessing violence….)Disclosure and seeking for helpCosts of violenceFurther issues

and how to collect….

target populationTitolo intervento, nome cognome relatore – Luogo, data

Forms of violence

Physical violence

Sexual violence

Psychological violence

Economic violence

Stalking

Sexual violence in childhood

Sexual harassment

Other forms of violence

Forced marriageForced abortionForced sterilizationCoercive/forced use of contraceptiveEarly marriageFemale genital mutilation

Time frame

For partner the relationship

For non partner from 16 (or 15 or 18)

Then the last 12 months

When did it happen the last episode

Kind of perpetrator

Partnercurrentformer

Non partnerrelativesacquaintancesfriendscolleagues/at workunknown

Frequency and Severity

As previously said….

Seriousness (injuries and type of injuries, perceived seriousness, feeling in danger of life …..Intensity (one or more times violence occurred, repetitiveness)

Episodes’ dynamicsPlace of occurrenceWho starts the violenceMotivation of violence episode beginningThe victim reactionsViolence dynamics (arms, alcohol abuse of perpetrators)Children witness of violence and children victim of violenceViolence in pregnancyViolence episodes after the separation

Consequences and costs of violence

Use of medicine and therapy to cope with violenceDays out of workDays out from daily activityDays spent in hospitalCrisis centre use and Number of nights in shelterCost for legal aspectsCost for health

Disclosure and seeking for help and awareness

Reporting behaviourWomen capacity of seeking for help:

Shelterswith whom women speak of violencepolice relationshipSatisfaction about the police, actions police did/ what police would have donereason for reporting/reason for not reportingperpetrator chargeconvictions...

Causes of violence and factor riskAbuse in WOMEN background

Mother abuse history Childhood victimisation

Abuse in the PARTNER backgroundExperience of violence in childhoodWitness of father violence against own mother’s

Individual factor risks partner’s relatedPartner’s alcohol abusePartner violent outside family too

Social factor risks partner related

Respondent characteristics

SexAgeMarital/relationship statusAge at first marriageEducational attainment and literacyEconomic activity status (profession, position in the profession, work at home/outside, wage, hours of work)Place of residenceEthnicityAlcohol use behavior

Health conditions Free time useOwn relations with friends, parents…Having a supporting network

Psychosocial conditions during childhood, aspects of nurture, school satisfaction, relations with parents and friends, antisocial behaviour, self-harming behaviours, ages at which respondents first encountered alcohol, drugs and sex…

Homosexual relationship

Respondent characteristics

Partner characteristicsSex AgeEducational attainment and literacyEconomic activity statusWage EthnicitySubstance/alcohol abuseLength of the relationshipLevel of conflictual relationship in the couple and in the familyResidential characteristics (1 or more than 1 family living together)

How to collect data in the questionnaire

Event based description of single acts

List events

Don’t mention the word “violence”

Using screening

a) need to list different acts (don’t mention “violence”)b) need to develop an aggregated list of actsc) list should not be closed-endedd) from the less to the most serious e) include or not threats?

United Nations Guidelines for Producing Statistics on VAW (UN, 2013) recommends the following minimum list: 1. Slapping her2. Throwing something at her that could hurt3. Pushing or shoving or pulling her hair4. Hitting her with something5. Hitting her with fists or other objects6. Kicking, biting or dragging her7. Beating her8. Choking or burning her9. Threatening her with a knife, gun or other weapon10. Using a knife, gun or other weapon against her11. Other (leave open for the respondent to specify)

Physical violence

1

How many screeningIt’s important to ask every form of violence (physical/sexual…) by kind of perpetrator But costs and respondent burden are too high

The most effective and realizable can be 3 screenings for physical and sexual violence

– Non-intimate partner – Current intimate partner– Former intimate partner

Sequence of the questionnaireGradualism

Moving from less sensitive to more sensitive topic

Ask questions on respondent every day life, leisure time, social networks, health, before those on violence

Ask questions regarding violence from non partner, before the partner violence

Insert questions on partner violence after the section on partner’s characteristics, after having asked about the relationship and the psychological/economic violence battery

• Both men and women?

• Only women?

• Violence committed almost exclusively by women against men?

• Same questionnaire for men and women?

• Different questionnaires for any gender?

• Or having the same questionnaire, with filtered questions for males and females?

• Same wording?

Target population: women or men?

Target population: age

Lower age limit for respondents: 15, 16, 18, 20

Upper age limit for respondents: 70, 74, 80 or no upper age limit?

Target population: vulnerable and marginalized group

Representative sample per migrants (if necessary)

People with disabilities

Marginalized group