CH5 LISTENING AND CRITICAL THINKINGMARIA SUBERT

HEARING AND LISTENING ARE DIFFERENT

Hearing: the act of receiving sounds

Listening: the active process of receiving, constructing

meaning from, and responding to spoken and nonverbal

messages.

LISTENING IS IMPORTANT:

Listening is our most common communication

activity.

It helps us build and maintain relationships

It is essential for success in most professional

situation

ACTIVE AND INACTIVE LISTENING

Active listening: listening with purpose.

Not active listening: Enjoyment listening.

We listen in a relaxing, fun, emotionally stimulating

situation.

FORMS OF ACTIVE LISTENING

Forms of active listening

Emphatic listening: when you are attempting to

understand another person.

Critical listening: requires evaluating the speaker’s

message for accuracy, meaningfulness, and

usefulness.

SELECTIVE & AUTOMATIC ATTENTION

Selective attention: the sustained focus we give to

things that are important.

Automatic attention: the instinctive focus we give to

important things in our surroundings.

MEMORY

Working memory where we interpret and assign meaning to things we hear

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adnOPRkQ9VY

Short-term memory: a temporary storage for information.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wl3zvJ2YRss

Long-term memory is our permanent storage for information including past experiences.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJc-0V5ASw0

ORIENTATION

Men are more instrumental/task-oriented when

communicating

women tend to be more relationally oriented

CRITICAL LISTENING: EXAMINE SITUATION, SOURCE CREDIBILITY,

AND ARGUMENT.

Source credibility: the extent to which the speaker is

perceived as competent and trustworthy

One way to analyze the credibility of speaker is to determine

whether or not they are reporting based on first person

observation (something they have seen or experienced

personally).

Another way is to examine that based on the provided

evidence, the warrant that the speaker use to bridge data

and claim, is satisfactory or not.

TOULMIN’S MODEL:

Examine the speaker’s argument with the Toulmin’s model:

Data: facts, evidences

Are they first-person observations?

Warrant: What is the reasoning used by the speaker to

move from data to claim? Is there any logical

connection between them?

Claim: Is the overall point or conclusion logical and

clear?

If any of these elements are missing, the argument has no

foundation.

EFFECTIVE NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

ask questions

identify areas of agreement

vary verbal response

provide clear verbal response

use descriptive language

provide affirmative and affirming statements

avoid complex silence

and allow the other the opportunity of complete hearing.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

oAgain, ask questions for clarification

oparaphrase the speaker’s message

oparaphrase the speaker’s intent

o identify areas of confusion

o invite clarification and correction

o go back to the beginning to check if your new

understanding

EFFECTIVE LISTENING STRATEGY IN THE CLASSROOM:

involves to take effective notes.

20% of the college students who took effective notes

ended up to get A instead of C.

Listen for the lesson cues: verbal or nonverbal signs

that stress points or indicate transitions between

ideas.

INFORMATION LITERACY:

Information literacy:

recognition when info is needed and

have ability to locate, evaluate and use the

needed information.

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

The principal problem with digital communication:

nonverbal communication, that provides significant

clues about the other person’s emotions and feelings—

is difficult.

SECOND LANGUAGE LISTENING

Second language listening development requires

vocabulary comprehension and metacognitive

awareness.

Metacognition is your ability to use mental strategies

to assist to quickly determining the meaning of the

words.

THINGS THAT PREVENT YOU FROM BECOMING EFFECTIVE

LISTENER:

Noises that prevent from being an effective listener:

noise (physical and internal distraction)

physical distraction (audible noises in the environment)

internal noise (mental, factual, semantic distraction)

perception of others and own behavior.

THINGS THAT HELP TO BECOME MORE EFFECTIVE LISTENER

Developing your critical thinking, nonverbal and verbal skills.

Critical thinking: careful analysis of the communication situation and the speaker’s message, evaluating the argument and supporting material presented, and the speaker’s credibility.

Effective non-verbal strategies: be responsive, use positive facial expressions, direct eye contact, and positive vocal utterances.

Effective verbal strategies: asking questions, inviting additional comments, using descriptive responses, providing affirming statements.

ETHICAL LISTENING:

You should recognize and monitor

your own communication style, apply

general ethical principles to your

responses, and adapt your

communication styles to others.