marine debris survey information guide...marine debris survey information guide 2 1.0 introduction...
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Marine Debris Survey Information GuideKristian Peters, Marine Debris Project CoordinatorAdelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board
AcknowledgementsThe Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board gratefully acknowledges the following contributors to this manual:
White, Damian. 2005. • Marine Debris Survey Information Manual 2nd edition, WWF Marine Debris Project Arafura Ecoregion Program. WWF AustraliaSouth Carolina Sea Grant Consortium •South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control Ocean and Coastal Resource Management•Centre for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence Southeast and NOAA 2008•Chris Jordan•Images (cover from left): Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board and Bill Doyle Photography•
DisclaimerWhile every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information in this publication, the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board takes no responsibility for its contents, nor for any loss, damage or consequence for any person or body relying on the information, or any error or omission in this publication.
Printed on 100% recycled Australian-made paper from ISO 14001-accredited sources
This project is supported by the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board through funding from the Australian Government’s Caring for our Country, the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society and SeaLink.
1 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
Contents
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 2
2.0 Volunteer requirements for marine debris surveys ................................................................. 5
3.0 Personal requirements ............................................................................................................ 6
4.0 Marine debris sampling protocols ........................................................................................... 8
5.0 Survey sites and the sampling transect ................................................................................ 10
6.0 Collecting the marine debris (Part A) .................................................................................... 13
7.0 Collecting the marine debris (Part B):Frgamented Plastics .................................................. 15
8.0 Recording information on marine mammals and turtles ....................................................... 16
9.0 Processing the marine debris ............................................................................................... 17
10.0 Debris identification and data recording .............................................................................. 18
11.0 Marine debris sorting guidelines ......................................................................................... 20
12.0 Fragmented plastics sorting guidelines ............................................................................... 21
13.0 Further information .............................................................................................................. 22
Appendix 1. Marine debris survey sites Gulf St. Vincent ............................................................ I
Appendix 2. Survey site co-ordinates Gulf St. Vincent ............................................................... II
Appendix 3. Survey site co-ordinates Kangaroo Island ............................................................ III
Appendix 4. Beach Litter Survey Information Sheet .................................................................. IV
Appendix 5. Litter Data Sheet ........................................................................................................ V
Appendix 5. Litter Data Sheet ....................................................................................................... VI
Appendix 6. Litter Classification Table ........................................................................................ VII
Appendix 6. Litter Classification Table (cont.) .......................................................................... VIII
Appendix 6. Litter Classification Table (cont.) ............................................................................ IX
Appendix 7. Fragmented Plastics Data Sheet ............................................................................. X
Appendix 8. Large Items Data Sheet ........................................................................................... XI
Appendix 9. Litter Origins Information Table (International Barcode Number) ..................... XII
Appendix 10. Marine Debris Survey Data, GSV and KI, 2010. .............................................. XIII
Appendix 10. Marine Debris Survey Data, GSV and KI, 2010. .............................................. XIV
Volunteer Checklist for Marine Debris Surveys ......................................................................... XV
2 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
1.0 Introduction
Marine debris surveys are part of the Gulf St. Vincent Marine Threat Abatement project,
initiated by the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board
(AMLRNRMB) and supported through the Australian Government’s Caring for Our Country
initiative.
This is a collaborative project between three Natural Resource Management Boards (AMLR,
Kangaroo Island and Northern and Yorke), Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, South
Australian Museum and other organisations around Gulf St Vincent to address the Australian
Government’s Marine Debris Threat Abatement Plan to minimise impacts on marine species.
The Marine Debris Project seeks to implement objectives of the Threat Abatement Plan
(TAP) for Marine Wildlife at a local level. The objectives of the TAP are:
1. Contribute to the long-term prevention of the incidence of harmful marine debris.
2. Remove existing harmful marine debris from the marine environment.
3. Mitigate the impacts of harmful marine debris on marine species and ecological
communities.
4. Monitor the quantities, origins and impacts of marine debris and assess the
effectiveness of management arrangements over time for the strategic reduction of
debris.
Marine debris (also known as marine litter) is an increasing and persistent problem that
impacts on our estuarine, coastal and marine ecosystems. Given its diversity (i.e. plastic,
metal, wood, ceramic, glass) and the abundance of terrestrial (land-based) (e.g. storm-
water, rivers, urban litter) and marine-based sources (e.g. commercial and recreational
boating and fishing, international and merchant shipping), its influence is globally extensive,
affecting wildlife such as sea birds, pinnipeds (seals, sea lions), cetaceans (whales and
dolphins) and marine turtles across a range of inshore coastal, and offshore marine habitats.
With the introduction of plastics as common use items in households and commercial-based
industry, the persistence of non-organic litter (i.e. plastic) in both terrestrial and marine-
based systems has increased significantly. While plastic and its components thereof, offer
convenience and versatility, their durability is often short-lived often persisting as terrestrial
waste in landfill or through translocation processes (i.e. storm-water, transoceanic), are
encountered as items of floating oceanic debris that accumulate along convergence zones
and deposit within coastal fringes.
3 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
Figure 1. Estimated decomposition rates of common marine debris items.
In Australian waters, the increase in quantities of marine debris is met with growing public
awareness and concern. In Northern and Southern Australia the high incidence and
increased risk of entanglement in marine debris by seals, cetaceans and marine turtles (for
example, see Page et al. 2004) and consumption of fragmented plastics by seabirds, has
provoked a Federal Government response, listing marine debris under the Australian
Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC, 1999) as
a ‘key threatening process’ to the survival and abundance of native species or ecological
communities’. As a consequence, state and territory government agencies, non-government
organisations, industry and local communities have facilitated animal welfare and beach
clean-up campaigns (e.g. World Wildlife Fund, Clean Up Australia Day) to understand and
alleviate some of its direct impacts.
The importance of marine debris surveys
Marine debris surveys and beach clean-up activities alike are a valuable means to engage
the community and raise public awareness while providing important information into the
condition of surrounding coastal areas. In South Australia, while an annual Clean Up
Australia Day (CUAD) highlight the problem of marine debris, limited surveys have quantified
the amount and type of beach litter collected. Marine debris surveys conducted at Kangaroo
Island, Robe and Anxious Bay (Edyvane et al. 2004; Eglinton et al. 2006; Lashmar et al.
2009) describe differences in amounts and types of debris collected, but similarly indicate
4 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
the contribution of plastic as a major source of pollution that impacts our coastlines and
wildlife. Given the information marine debris surveys can provide at both local and regional
levels, they remain an invaluable tool to assist with the future management of our marine
and coastal systems.
The marine debris survey information guide
This manual has been developed to aid in the collection and identification of marine debris
from beaches across Gulf St. Vincent, Lower Yorke Peninsula, Fleurieu Peninsula and
Kangaroo Island. The protocols outlined in this manual have been developed to conform to
an international standard set out by the United Nations Environment Programme /
Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission (UNEP/IOC) (see Cheshire et al. 2009). The
collection methods listed in this manual follows similar guidelines described by WWF
Australia in the Marine Debris Survey Information Manual for Northern Territory beaches
(see White, 2005).
Marine debris data collected using this manual and analysed for Gulf St Vincent and
Kangaroo Island litter surveys 2010 can be viewed in Appendix 10.
To facilitate the collection of meaningful and consistent information please familiarise
yourself with the protocols described in this guide and the datasheets herein prior to the
commencement of a marine debris survey.
5 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
2.0 Volunteer requirements for marine debris surveys
Volunteer safety
The Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board
(AMLRNRMB) highly values our volunteer network and the involvement they have within
local community programs. Coastal-based programs such as the Marine Debris Program
(MDP) provide an important platform to raise community awareness on threats that affect
our local coastal environments and marine wildlife, generating participation across several
Natural Resources Management Board regions within local governments, landholder, and
local community groups. At the AMLRNRMB we want to ensure your safety and well being
during your involvement in the Marine Debris Project. Please familiarise yourself with the
safety recommendations listed below. Prior to commencement of the survey, please notify a
responsible person of where and when the survey is to be undertaken with a time of return.
A Volunteer Checklist for Marine Debris Surveys located at the rear of this manual will
facilitate your experience while being involved in the Marine Debris Program.
Volunteer registration form
It is a requirement for all volunteers participating in the Marine Debris Survey Program with
Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board to fill in the
Volunteer Registration form prior to commencement of the marine debris sampling. The
registration form covers volunteers in the event of an accident. Volunteers cannot participate
in the project if AMLRNRMB do not receive a copy of the registration form (page 23 - 24).
Figure 2.0 Volunteer
registration form
Adelaide and Mount
Lofty Natural
Resources
Management Board.
6 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
3.0 Personal requirements
The Marine Debris Program incorporates a number of survey sites across Gulf St. Vincent,
Lower Yorke Peninsula, Fleurieu Peninsula and Kangaroo Island. The conditions at each
site vary considerably based on their geographical location and the weather conditions that
may be encountered at each site. Conditions along our coasts can change dramatically over
the period of a day and it is important that participants in the Marine Debris Program note the
weather conditions prior to the commencement of sampling. In South Australia, sea breezes
often develop in the afternoon causing a significant drop in temperature. Below is a list of
recommended personal items that should be carried for all field work on the Marine Debris
Program.
Personal Equipment
Clothing
Wear clothing that is comfortable and warm and that you do not mind getting dirty or
damaged.
Participants should bring appropriate windproof / waterproof protective clothing in the
event of rain, or strong afternoon sea breezes. It is recommended that all participants
bring with them a spare set of clothes (in the event of getting wet).
Sun protection
The Marine Debris Program requires lengthy periods of time in the field exposed to the sun.
Elevated sun exposure can cause sunburn, lead to dehydration and cause further
complications if left untreated.
Avoid sunburn at all times.
Wear a long-sleeved shirt, a sun hat, and wear SPF 30+ sunscreen.
Carry at least 2 litres of water per person for field sampling. Ensure you are well
hydrated prior to commencement of the Marine Debris sampling.
7 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
Footwear and protective clothing
Some sites require walking down access tracks while on site participants may encounter
rocky substrate, rocky beach flats, shell beaches and heavy seaweed that may conceal
sharp objects. To avoid injury it is recommended to:
Wear enclosed sturdy footwear with reasonable tread.
*Thongs and sandals are not appropriate footwear for Marine Debris sampling.
While we have supplied some gloves, additional gloves are recommended to protect
the hands from sharp debris such as glass.
First Aid
One member of the Marine Debris sampling team should have current basic first aid training.
Three small first aid kits have been supplied with each Marine Debris Collection kit.
These kits contain 2x non-adherent padded dressings, 1x small roller bandage, 10x
adhesive band-strips, 4x alcohol prep pads, 1x wound wipe, and 1x scissors.
It is recommended that a comprehensive first aid kit be carried or additional first aid
equipment such as a triangular and compression bandage.
Ensure emergency contacts are carried with you. If you encounter items such as
explosives and flares, please contact the police department within your local area.
Emergency telephone numbers are listed below.
Ambulance/Fire/Police: 000
GSM mobile alternate Emergency Number: 112
8 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
4.0 Marine debris sampling protocols General Equipment:
2 garden stakes or marker ribbon to mark beginning and end of the sampling
transect.
GPS unit or mobile phone with GPS application
Maps of transect site (Marine Debris Sampling Pack)
Marine Debris Sampling Kit/s (see page 9)
Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
Permanent marker or labels to identify marine debris collection bags
Data sheets
1. Beach litter survey information sheet 2. Litter Data Sheet 3. Large Items Data Sheet
Measuring tape
5 containers / bags for fragmented plastic sampling
Sieve
Sharp knife
Camera
First Aid kit
Pens, pencils
Shovel
Figure 3. Debris collection O’Sullivans beach, Adelaide.
(Photo: AMLRNRMB).
9 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
Marine debris sampling pack
The Marine Debris Sampling Pack contains information of the sampling site and the Marine
Debris Sampling Kit. Marine Debris Sampling Kits have been supplied by the Clean Up
Australia Day campaign. Each site may require a single or multiple kits depending on the
number of participants at each site.
Each Marine Debris Sampling Kit
contains:
4 pairs reinforced gloves
3 personal first aid kits
1 sharps container
15 white collection bags
7 yellow recyclable collection bags
Figure 4. The marine debris sampling kit.
10 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
5.0 Survey sites and the sampling transect
There are approximately 38 sites that have been pre-selected for the Marine Debris Program
across Gulf St. Vincent, Lower Yorke Peninsula, Fleurieu Peninsula and Kangaroo Island
(Appendix 1 - 3).
The sampling transect
A 1000 metre beach transect has been pre-determined for marine debris sampling at the
majority of sites. A few sites have beach length <1000 metres. These sites will have the
entire length of the beach sampled. This should provide a representative litter sample for
each local region and enable litter type and quantity to be determined and compared
between sites.
Appendix 1 shows a map of the marine debris sampling sites for Gulf St. Vincent. Transect
co-ordinates and beach sampling lengths are found in Appendix 2 and 3.
Setting up the transect
Each site has been allocated two sets of GPS coordinates (Point 1, Point 2). These
designate the start / finish points of the sampling transect (Figure 5). GPS coordinates for
each site are expressed in both degree decimal minute (DDM) and degree/minute/second
(DMS) formats. Modern GPS units and mobile phones have applications for both GPS
formats. For participants with iPhones see the application such as Trailguru APP for a free
GPS. If a GPS is required please contact the Marine Debris Project Coordinator.
Site information detailing travel directions, maps, and topographical photographs of the
transect site will be disseminated to each participant with the Marine Debris Sampling Kit.
Steps:
1. Locate the Start Point 1 of transect using the GPS coordinates supplied or by the
maps supplied in the Marine Debris Sampling Pack.
2. Place a marker at Point 1. With the GPS coordinates provided, measure 1000m and
place another marker to designate Point 2.
11 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
3. If you have a GPS, record the start and end locations as they may differ slightly from
the original coordinates. Enter these on the Beach Litter Survey Information sheet
(Appendix 4).
4. Sites that are < 1000m in length record the start and end point of the beach with a
GPS if available.
Figure 5. Example of a beach transect area (sampling area) for the Marine Debris Program.
The width of beach to sample
The marine debris collection should incorporate the area from the water’s edge extending to
the base of the beach vegetation, cliff area or first primary dune on the upper section of the
beach (Figure 6). At most sites, the survey area of the beach does not exceed a width of 50
metres. Sampling for each site should occur at low tide where possible. Please refer to the
appropriate tide chart to determine a suitable tide period.
Should a beach at low tide appear to have a long tidal range across mud or sand flats
ONLY survey a width of 50m from the base of the dune, cliff, or vegetation zone. This
ensures participants safety in the event of being trapped by fast moving incoming tides.
12 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
Figure 6. Participants collect marine debris between the water’s edge to the base of the
primary dune (1st dune), cliff or vegetation zone by forming a line across the beach.
13 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
6.0 Collecting the marine debris (Part A)
Steps:
1. Fill in the Beach Litter Survey Information Sheet (Appendix 4).
2. Determine the start (Point 1) of transect (see page 10).
3. Begin the sampling by forming a line from the start point across the beach between
the water’s edge and the base of the beach vegetation, cliff area or first primary dune
(Figure 6).
4. Space each participant to cover the beach. If there are not enough participants,
sample the top half of the beach then the lower half of the beach on return. This will
ensure the transect area will be covered appropriately. As marine litter tends to
accumulate at the upper margins of the beach, place participants closer together at
the base of the beach vegetation, cliff area or first primary dune.
5. Like other marine debris surveys (i.e. Northern Territory Marine Debris Program;
World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF, 2005), the size of debris collected may vary
between participants depending on their enthusiasm, physical fitness etc.
The minimum size of marine debris to be collected has been standardised to the
size of 1/2 plastic bottle cap (Figure 7). This will ensure that a uniform collection of
litter across all sites and facilitate comparisons between sites. Please exercise
caution when lifting heavy items (i.e. ropes, full collection bags). If in doubt, use
multiple participants to lift and carry debris when required.
6. Using the Marine Debris Collection Kit provided, collect all debris items upwards in
size from half the size of a bottle cap between Point 1 and Point 2 (Figure 5). For
participants collecting near the upper limit of the beach avoid walking on the primary
dunes as this damages vegetation and can cause significant dune de-stabilisation.
Figure 7. Minimum size of debris to be collected is the size of half a bottle cap (~15mm).
14 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
7. There may be a number of sharp items that will require care when handling. Bare
hands should never be used to collect and handle sharp objects. Place smaller
sharps in the yellow Medical Sharps Waste container provided in the Marine Debris
Collection Kit. Sharp objects may include:
Glass
Metal
Syringes
After counting and weighing of the sharps in their appropriate category (see
Marine debris sorting guidelines, page 20) seal the sharps container and place in a
hessian bag provided.
8. A number of items will not be collected during the surveys due to their size and
quantity. Please record the presence of the following large items on the Large Items
data sheet (Appendix 8):
Large wooden dunnage (i.e. old wooden crates, permapine logs)
Heavy items (car engine blocks, large tractor tyres)
Large commercial nets that are buried. Please record and photograph the net
location and remove a sample section approximately 3 ft X 3ft where
possible. Retain the net and record this on the Large Items data sheet.
Do not discard the net as we will use it to identify its origin.
9. If flammable (e.g. containers with fuels) or explosive material (e.g. flares) is found
during the survey, please exercise caution in their collection. For explosives, contact
the local police for their collection and disposal.
Figure 8. Recording wooden dunnage (marine debris) on the Large Items data sheet (Photo: AMLRNRMB).
15 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
7.0 Collecting the marine debris (Part B):
Fragmented plastics
Additional to the larger debris collected, smaller fragmented plastic debris will also be
collected.
Marine debris beach surveys generally sample a range of debris items larger than the size of
a bottle cap. However, smaller plastic fragments in the ocean may accumulate in the wash
zone and deposit on the upper limits of the beach. Fragmented plastics are known to impact
both coastal environments and marine predatory species that can misidentify fragmented
plastic as small prey (i.e. sea birds). Currently, quantitative information on the impact of
fragmented plastics is poor.
Equipment:
Measuring tape
5 containers / bags for fragmented plastics
Sieve
Shovel
Steps:
1. Find a suitable location on the upper region of the beach. If you have a GPS, record
the location on the Fragmented plastics data sheet (Appendix 7) or place a mark on
the map where the sample was taken. If the beach you are working on is not
composed of sand or is not of a suitable substrate, plastics sampling will not be
required.
2. Measure a 1m X 1m square.
3. Using a sieve, remove the surface sand to a shovel depth and sieve the sand. Collect
all plastic debris and other non-organic debris. Place each sample in a suitable
container.
4. Complete five 1m x 1m samples at random across the upper limit of the beach.
16 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
8.0 Recording information on marine mammals and turtles
Marine mammal strandings are being investigated by the South Australian Museum to
determine the potential threat posed by marine debris in the Gulf as part of the Gulf St.
Vincent Marine Debris Threat Abatement project. The South Australian Museum (SAM) has
been collecting the carcasses of dolphins around South Australia for over 20 years.
Necropsies are routinely performed and tissue samples archived for many research projects
as well as pathology and parasite studies.
If a whale, dolphin, Australian sea lion or marine turtle is found dead or stranded, or is
found to be entangled in marine debris please:
1. Record the time, date, and location on the Litter Data Sheet.
2. Take a photograph.
3. For whales, dolphins, seals or Australian sea lions contact:
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
Phone: (+61 8) 8204 1910.
Fishwatch (24 hr hotline):
Phone: 1800 065 522
4. For marine turtles please contact the South Australian Museum
Dr. Mark Hutchinson: [email protected]
*Do not record the presence of seals or sea lions that appear resting or asleep on the rocks
as they are often found within the Gulf St. Vincent.
Figure 9. Fur seal entangled in fishing net on beach (Photo: P. Shaughnessy, Jackway NPWSA).
17 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
9.0 Processing the marine debris
Equipment:
Old tarpaulin to sort the marine debris
Data sheets
a. Litter Data Sheet (Appendix 5)
b. Fragmented Plastics data sheet (Appendix 7)
Litter Classification Table (Appendix 6)
International Barcode Table (Appendix 9)
Sorting buckets
Gloves
Scales for weighing debris
Figure 10. Sorting of marine debris into categories.
18 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
10.0 Debris identification and data recording
The Marine Debris Program for Gulf St. Vincent, Lower Yorke Peninsula, Fleurieu
Peninsula and Kangaroo Island use particular litter sorting categories based on the
Guidelines on Surveying and Monitoring of Marine Litter (United Nations Environment
Programme/ Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission, IOC/UNEP 2009). This will
enable the data that is collected to be comparable at both international and national
levels.
The litter classification table
Litter will be sorted, itemised then weighed to the nearest 100gm based on the
categories listed in the Litter Classification Table (Appendix 6). The data collected is
entered in the Litter Data Sheet (Figure 11, Appendix 5) according to the categories
listed in the Litter Classification Table.
An example is given below:
Item Code (standard list)
Material Composition DescriptionCount
(# Items)Weight
(kg)International
barcodes
PL02 Plastic Plastic bottles small 200 0.86 938, 616,334
PL19 Plastic Monofilament fishing line 30 < 0.01 333
PL20 Plastic Fishing traps 1.00 5.00 234, 556
PC04 Paper and Cardboard Paper trays 10 0.35
GC03 Glass and ceramic Light globes 2 0.2
FP02 Foamed products Foam Plastic cups 2 0.1
M01 Metal Cutlery 3 0.2
M03 Metal Aluminium Cans 6 0.1
Comments
1. Determine category
2. Describe item3. Count and weigh items in category
4. Record barcodes
Figure 11. Illustrative section of the data entry process for the marine litter collected.
Data is entered in the Litter Data Sheet (Appendix 5).
19 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
The litter origins information table
The origin of some litter can be determined by the International barcode that is
present on the label. The first 3 digits of the barcode represent an International code
and describe where the product has originated (Figure 12). Litter, such as plastic
bottles and aluminium cans may contain information such as the manufacturer’s
details (i.e. writing) and a barcode that will enable you to determine whether the
product is local or from an international source. International Barcodes are listed in
Appendix 9.
An example is given below:
Figure 12. The first 3 digits on the International Barcode Number represent the
country of origin.
Steps:
1. Identify items with a barcode within each Litter category. Record the item and
the first 3 barcode digits (if present) on the Litter Data Sheet (Figure 11,
Appendix 5).
First 3 digits
(e.g. 978)
Origin: New Zealand
(Litter Origins Table)
20 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
11.0 Marine debris sorting guidelines
Steps:
1. Empty the contents of all the collection bags on a tarpaulin or in the area
designated to sort the marine debris. This will facilitate the sorting and ensure
smaller items will not be lost.
2. Sort the debris items initially by their broad material composition (Column 2;
Litter Classification Table) by working outwards in a semi-circle (WWF, 2005).
This will facilitate the identification of the refined item categories.
3. Once the broad categories are defined, sort the debris into their refined
categories.
4. Record the number of all items for each category and enter the category type
and number of items counted on the Litter Data Sheet. If there are items within
each category with an International barcode, record the item and its first 3
barcode digits and enter this on the Litter Data Sheet.
5. Prior to weighing each category, tare the weighing bag/bucket to at 0.00kg
using the upper silver dial on the scale.
6. After the total number of items for the refined categories has been recorded,
weigh each category by placing all category items in a bag/bucket using the
heavy 25 kg or lighter gauge (1-5 kg) scales. Weigh to 100 gm where possible.
Record the weight of the categories on the Litter Data Sheet.
7. Items that are not listed in the Litter Classification Table can be entered as
‘Other’ (OT) category.
Figure 13. Sorting of marine
debris into categories before
counting and weighing.
(Photo: AMLRNRMB)
21 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
12.0 Fragmented plastics sorting guidelines
Equipment:
Fragmented Plastics data sheet (Appendix 7)
Pencil
Steps:
1. Empty the contents of each fragmented plastics sample separately.
2. Separate each plastic fragment into their broad colors (blue, red, yellow,
green, black, white).
3. Record the total number of each colour group on the Fragmented Plastics data
sheet (Appendix 7).
An example is given below:
Figure 13. Illustrative section of the data entry process for the fragmented plastics
collected. Data is entered in the Fragmented Plastics data sheet.
Description (color)
Blue Red Green Yellow Black White
Count
(# Items)
Count
(# Items)
Count
(# Items)
Count
(# Items)
Count
(# Items)
Count
(# Items)
Sample 1 5 6 7 8 9 37
Sample 2 3 4 5 7 8 28
Sample 3 5 4 6 8 9 34
Sample 4 3 5 6 8 9 34
Sample 5 6 7 8 9 0 34
Total 22 26 32 40 35 167
Fragmented PlasticTotal Notes
1. Grade the fragmented plastics by color
2. Count the number of each fragment
3. Sum the total number of pieces collected
22 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
13.0 Further information Cheshire, A.C., Adler, E., Barbière, J., Cohen, Y.,Evans, S., Jarayabhand, S., Jeftic, L., Jung, R.T., Kinsey, S., Kusui, E.T., Lavine, I., Manyara, P., Oosterbaan, L.,Pereira, M.A., Sheavly, S., Tkalin, A., Varadarajan, S., Wenneker, B., Westphalen, G. (2009). UNEP/IOC Guidelines on Survey and Monitoring of Marine Litter. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies, No. 186; IOC Technical Series No. 83: xii + 120 pp. Available at http://www.unep.org/regionalseas/marinelitter/publications/default.asp Clean Up Australia http://www.cleanup.org.au/au/About/ Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2009 Background paper for the threat abatement plan for the impacts of marine debris on vertebrate marine life, available at http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/tap/marine-debris.html Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2009, Threat abatement plan for the impacts of marine debris on vertebrate marine life, Available at http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/tap/marine-debris.html Edyvane, K.S., A. Dalgetty, P.W. Hone, J.S. Higham and N.M.Wace. (2004) Long-term marine litter monitoring in the remote Great Australian Bight, South Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48: 1060-1075. Eglinton, Y. M., Wear, R. J., Theil, M. J. and O’Loughlin, E. J. (2006) Marine Debris Monitoring in South Australia: A Report on the 2005 Annual Robe Litter Survey. Final Report Prepared for the Australian Government Envirofund and the South East Natural Resource Consultative Committee. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. Available on the Reef Watch website www.reefwatch.asn.au/Robe/RD99-0176-4%20Robe%20Litter%20Report%202005.pdf Lashmar, K., Kinloch, M., and Brock, D. (2009) Kangaroo Island beach litter survey 2009. Draft report for the Kangaroo Island Natural Resources and Management Board. Page, B., McKenzie, J., McIntosh, R., Baylis, A., Morrissey, A., Calvert, N., Haase, T., Berris, M., Dowie, D., Shaugnessy, P. and Goldsworthy, S.D. (2004). Entanglement of Australian sea lions and New Zealand fur seals in lost fishing gear and other marine debris before and after Government and industry attempts to reduce the problem. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49: 33-42. Wace, N. (1995). Ocean Litter Stranded on Australian Coasts. In Zann, L.P. and Sutton, D. (eds). State of the Marine Environment Report for Australia: Pollution – Technical Annex 2. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Ocean Rescue 20 Program, Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories. Available at http://www.environment.gov.au/archive/coasts/publications/somer/annex2/wace.html White, Damian. 2005. Marine Debris Survey Information Manual 2nd edition, WWF Marine Debris Project, Arafura Ecoregion Program. WWF Australia. Available at http://www.nt.gov.au/nreta/wildlife/marine/pdf/wwf_manual2005.pdf
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24 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide
I
Appendix 1. Marine debris survey sites Gulf St. Vincent
Marine debris survey sitesGulf St. Vincent
Lower Yorke Peninsula
Fleurieu Peninsula
Black Point
Mullowurtie Point
Point Hicks
Wattle BayKemps Bay
Bangalee Beach
Cape Spencer
Cable Bay
Chinaman’s Beach
Tennyson
Carackalinga
Port Willunga / Gulls rock
Rapid Bay
Morgan’s Beach
Tiddy Widdy Beach
WaitpingaLands end
Victor Harbor
Hallet Cove
Parham North
Great Sandy Beach
Mallala
Victor Harbor
Yankalilla
Port Vincent
Hillocks
Refuse facility
Debris monitoring site
Tunkalilla
South Stansbury
Long beach
O’Sullivans Beach
II
Appendix 2. Survey site co-ordinates Gulf St. Vincent
Site Transect Point 1 Transect Point 2 Site area (m-2)Est. beach width
(m)Transect length
(m)
Gulf St. Vincent West
Tiddy Widdy beach 34°23'32.12"S 34°23'56.07"S 21987.42 30 1000
137°57'11.81"E 137°56'43.05"E
Mullowurtie Point 34°31'9.48"S 34°31'39.46"S 13829.34 60 1000
137°53'13.56"E 137°53'7.76"E
Black Point 34° 38' 21.7746"S 34° 37'55.57"S 11788.11 30 1000
137° 53'43.731"E 137° 54'03.70"E
Long beach 34°50'32.045"S 34°50'6.86"S 16236.13 30 1000
137°49'05.42"E 137°49'28.04"E
South Stansbury 34° 55' 35.64"S 34° 55' 09.31"S 15043.86 40 1000
137°47' 17.46"E 137° 47' 38.85"E
Point Hicks 35°02' 41.0814"S 35° 2'18.22"S 11131.94 30 1000
137°45' 27.7079"E 137°45'50.86"E
Wattle Bay 35° 8'5.96"S 35° 7'55.11"S 14817.65 50 1000
137°43'4.91"E 137°43'41.74"E
Gulf St. Vincent East
Great Sandy beach 34°27'39.50"S 34°28'11.53"S 20322.59 35 1000
138°15'36.78"E 138°15'44.17"E
North Parham 34°25'1.78"S 34°25'16.90"S 13263.45 50 1000
138°15'2.52"E 138°15'8.80"E
Tennyson 34°52'41.41"S 34°53'12.97"S 28700.79 30 1000
138°28'54.19"E 138°29'3.62"E
Hallet Cove 35° 4'0.80"S 35° 3'31.15"S 14333.37 30 1000
138°29'55.43"E 138°30'11.51"E
O' Sullivans beach 35° 7'16.05"S 35° 7'47.87"S 46937.24 40 1000
138°28'3.84"E 138°28'10.81"E
Willunga beach 35°14'54.19"S 35°15'27.30"S 52434.85 30-40 1000
138°27'43.25"E 138°27'41.11"E
Carackalinga 35°26 6.11"S 35°25'38.13"S 39839.56 40 1000
138°18' 53.62E 138°19'13.52"E
Rapid Bay 35°31'14.17"S 35°31'27.77"S 37546.55 1000
138°11'53.78"E 138°11'18.29"E
Morgans beach 35° 35'28.62"S 35° 35'51.61"S 22350.85 30 1000
138°06'30.97"E 138°06'5.29"E
Lower Fleurieu Peninsula
Lands End 35°37'26.92"S 35°37'13.02"S 7515.48 30 451.2
138° 5'44.06"E 138° 5'43.54"ETunkalilla 35° 38'19.36"S 35° 38'16.91"S 34052.96 40 1000
138°18'39.9"E 138°17'59.6"E
Waitpinga beach 35°38'4.15"S 35°37'55.95"S 30971.2 40 1000
138°29'55.81"E 138°29'17.24"E
Victor Harbor East 35°32'18.01"S 35°32'30.21"S 17799.01 20 1000
138°38'58.68"E 138°38'22.19"E
Lower Yorke Peninsula
Kemps bay 35° 8' 28.6938"S 35° 8'49.22"S 35325.85 30 1000
137° 36' 9.399"E 137°36'40.11"E
Bangalee beach 35°14'22.1172"S 35° 14' 21.48"S 8646.98 20 455
137°9'18.3306"E 137° 9' 1.2096"E
Chinamans B 35°17'16.40"S 35°17'12.52"S 4722.64 15 300
136°54'53.44"E 136°54'41.69"E
Chinamans A 35°17'13.07"S 35°17'6.93"S 15541.13 25 730
136°54'54.82"E 136°55'21.27"E
Cable Bay 35°17'14.49"S 35°17'7.94"S 7113.37 10 750
136°53'51.45"E 136°54'20.40"E
Cape Spencer 35° 17' 41.1246"S 35° 17' 55.95"S 22619.33 40 545
136° 52' 44.3166"E136° 52' 50.1348"E
III
Appendix 3. Survey site co-ordinates Kangaroo Island
Site Transect Point 1 Transect Point 2 Site area (m-2)Est. beach width
(m)Transect length
(m)
Kangaroo Island
West Bay 35°53'2.47"S 35°53'16.80"S 49099.57 50 485
136°32'56.64"E 136°33'4.26"E
Red Banks 35°44'15.66"S 35°44'5.47"S 9149.69 30 1000
137°42'46.81"E 137°43'23.36"E
Destrees Bay 35°59'11.59"S 35°58'42.04"S 15343.73 30 1000
137°36'55.45"E 137°37'9.10"E
Sandhurst 35°51'38.20"S 35°51'48.78"S 25385.88 20 1000
137°51'28.59"E 137°52'6.21"E
Bales Bay 35°59'37.73"S 35°59'51.99"S 41945.65 30 1000
137°21'6.51"E 137°21'41.41"E
American beach 35°45'55.92"S 35°45'34.84"S 22807.63 28 1000
137°52'57.65"E 137°53'27.87"E
Point Morrison 35°44'2.80"S 35°44'11.95"S 13644.76 25 1000
137°47'9.15"E 137°47'23.14"E
Rocky Point 35°47'35.16"S 35°47'48.50"S 31636.49 20 1000
137°51'22.94"E 137°50'46.78"E
Vivonne Bay 35°58'31.90"S 35°58'28.10"S 38760.92 30 1000
137°11'42.90"E 137°12'22.50"E
Cape Gantheaume 36°03'48.12"S 36°4'5.71"S 27501.23 40 1000
137°27'5.14"E 137°27'29.52"E
Sandy Beach 35°57'13.82"S 35°57'22.1039"S 22149.27 88 1000
136°37'28.3439"E 136°37'45.876"E
Rocky River 35°57'52.69"S 35°57'54.06"S 3392.88 118 72
136°39'11.28"E 136°39'13.64"E
IV
Appendix 4. Beach Litter Survey Information Sheet
Appendix 4. Litter Data Sheet
Organisation Organisation responsible for the survey
Surveyor Name Name of the surveyor (person/s responsible for f illing in this sheet)
Contact Phone Contact for surveyor
Region Name for the region
Beach ID Unique identity code for the beach (off ice use only)
Beach Name Unique Name by w hich the beach is know n
Latitude/longitude startRecorded as nnn.nnnnn degrees at the start of the sample
Latitude/longitude endRecorded as nnn.nnnnn degrees at the start of the sample
Coordinate systemDatum and coordinate system for latitude and longitude
Survey date Date survey w as started for the sample
Time start/end Time taken to complete the survey (h)
Season Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter
Current weather conditionsRecord the current conditons; w indy, overcast, clear, rain
Date of last survey or cleaning N/A
Storm activity Has there been any signif icant storm activity
Number of persons Number of persons collecting litter
Sample unit length Length of sample unit along the beach (m)
Width of beach Width of beach at the time of survey (m)
Sub-units (if used) Number and distance along beach
Additonal notes (e.g. entangled fauna, important events – storms, shipwrecks etc, conditions that may affect survey
BEACH LITTER SURVEY
sample and Beach litter data
Site Name: ( )
Completed ONCE for each survey
Sample unit information
V
Appendix 5. Litter Data Sheet
Item Code (standard list)
DescriptionCount
(# Items)Weight
(kg)International
barcodesComments
VI
Appendix 5. Litter Data Sheet
Item Code (standard list)
DescriptionCount
(# Items)Weight
(kg)International
barcodesComments
VII
Appendix 6. Litter Classification Table
CLASSMaterial Composition
Litter CODE LITTER FORM (and examples)
1 Plastic PL01 Bottle caps & lids2 Plastic PL02 Bottles < 2 L3 Plastic PL03 Bottles, drums, jerry cans & buckets > 2 L4 Plastic PL04 Knives, forks, spoons, straws, stirrers, (cutlery)5 Plastic PL05 Drink package rings, six-pack rings, ring carriers6 Plastic PL06 Food containers (fast food, cups, lunch boxes & similar)7 Plastic PL07 Plastic bags (opaque & clear)8 Plastic PL08 Toys & party poppers9 Plastic PL09 Gloves10 Plastic PL10 Toothbrushes11 Plastic PL11 Cigarette lighters12 Plastic PL12 Cigarettes, butts & filters13 Plastic PL13 Syringes14 Plastic PL14 Baskets, crates & trays15 Plastic PL15 Plastic fishing buoys16 Plastic PL16 Mesh bags (vegetable, oyster nets & mussel bags)17 Plastic PL17 Sheeting (tarpaulin or other woven plastic bags, palette wrap)18 Plastic PL18 Fishing lures19 Plastic PL19 Fishing monofilament line20 Plastic PL20 Fishing traps and pots and rods21 Plastic PL21 Rope22 Plastic PL22 Fishing net23 Plastic PL23 Strapping24 Plastic PL24 Fibreglass fragments25 Plastic PL25 Resin pellets26 Plastic PL26 Plastic burleybucket27 Plastic PL27 Miscellaneos plastic pieces28 Plastic PL28 Plastic firearm pieces29 Plastic PL29 Fish measuring devices30 Plastic PL30 Construction plastic31 Plastic PL31 Food wrappers32 Plastic PL32 Bailing twine33 Plastic PL33 Sex industry34 Plastic PL34 Plastic tape35 Plastic PL35 Bubble wrap36 Plastic PL36 Plastic plumbing and associated pieces37 Plastic PL37 Marine research38 Plastic PL38 Houshold cleaning 39 Plastic PL39 Pens and stationary items, pegs40 Plastic PL40 Transport (transport tickets, parking fines etc)41 Plastic PL41 Cosmetics42 Plastic PL42 Water filters, kitchen appliances, toilet brushes etc
VIII
Appendix 6. Litter Classification Table (cont.)
CLASSMaterial Composition
Litter CODE LITTER FORM (and examples)
43 Foamed Plastic FP01 Foam sponge44 Foamed Plastic FP02 Cups and food packs45 Foamed Plastic FP03 Foam buoys46 Foamed Plastic FP04 Foam (insulation & packaging)47 Foamed Plastic FP05 Other (specify)48 Cloth CL01 Clothing, shoes, hats and towels49 Cloth CL02 Backpack and bags50 Cloth CL03 Canvas, sailcloth and sacking51 Cloth CL04 Rope and string52 Cloth CL05 Carpet and furnishings53 Cloth CL06 Other (specify)54 Glass & ceramic GC01 Construction material (brick, cement, pipes)55 Glass & ceramic GC02 Tableware (plates & cups)56 Glass & ceramic GC03 Light globes/bulbs57 Glass & ceramic GC04 Fluorescent light tubes58 Glass & ceramic GC05 Glass buoys59 Glass & ceramic GC06 Glass or ceramic fragments60 Glass & ceramic GC07 Glass jars and bottles61 Glass & ceramic GC08 Other (specify)62 Metal M01 Tableware (plates, cups & cutlery)63 Metal M02 Bottle caps, lids & pull tabs64 Metal M03 Aluminium drink cans65 Metal M04 Other cans (< 4 L)66 Metal M05 Gas bottles, drums & buckets ( > 4 L)67 Metal M06 Foil wrappers68 Metal M07 Fishing related (sinkers, lures, hooks, traps & pots)69 Metal M08 Fragments70 Metal M09 Wire, wire mesh & barbed wire71 Metal M10 Automotive parts72 Metal M11 Other (specify)73 Paper & cardboard PC01 Paper (including newspapers & magazines)74 Paper & cardboard PC02 Cardboard boxes & fragments75 Paper & cardboard PC03 Cups, food trays, food wrappers, cigarette packs, drink containers76 Paper & cardboard PC04 Tubes for fireworks77 Paper & cardboard PC05 Other (specify)
IX
Appendix 6. Litter Classification Table (cont.)
CLASSMaterial Composition
Litter CODE LITTER FORM (and examples)
78 Rubber R01 Balloons, balls & toys79 Rubber R02 Footwear (Thongs)80 Rubber R03 Gloves81 Rubber R04 Tyres82 Rubber R05 Inner tubes and rubber sheet83 Rubber R06 Rubber bands 84 Rubber R07 Condoms85 Rubber R08 Other (specify)86 Rubber R09 Marine and freshwater sports87 Rubber R10 Aquaculture Rubber tubing and bands88 Rubber R11 Marine and freshwater sports89 Wood W01 Corks90 Wood W02 Fishing traps and pots91 Wood W03 Ice-cream sticks, chip forks, chopsticks & toothpicks92 Wood W04 Processed timber and pallet crates93 Wood W05 Matches & fireworks94 Composite C01 Appliances & Electronics95 Other OT01 Paraffin or wax96 Other OT02 Sanitary (nappies)97 Other OT03 House hold Battery98 Other OT04 Car parts (engines)99 Other OT05 Car Battery100 Other OT06 Paint and paint products101 Other OT07 Chairs102 Other OT08 Other (specify)
X
Appendix 7. Fragmented Plastics Data Sheet
Description (color)
Blue Red Green Yellow Black White
Count
(# Items)
Count
(# Items)
Count
(# Items)
Count
(# Items)
Count
(# Items)
Count
(# Items)
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Sample 4
Sample 5
Total
Fragmented PlasticTotal Notes
XI
Appendix 8. Large Items Data Sheet
Organisation Organisation responsible for the survey
Surveyor Name Name of the surveyor (person/s responsible for f illing in this sheet)
Contact Phone Contact for surveyor
Region Name for the region
Beach ID Unique identity code for the beach
Date
Notes
LARGE ITEM DESCRIPTION
Item type Status (floating,
sunken, stranded buried)
Latitude/Longitude Description
LARGE ITEMS DATA SHEET Site Name: ( )
Use only for items that were notcollected.
Complete survey data at top of formand then ONE row for EACH ITEM.
XII
Appendix 9. Litter Origins Information Table (International Barcode Number)
Barcode Country Barcode Country Barcode Country Barcode Country
000 - 139 United States and Canada 500 - 509 UK 624 Libya 779 Argentina300 - 379 France 520 Greece 625 Jordan 780 Chile380 Bulgaria 528 Lebanon 626 Iran 784 Paraguay383 Slovenia 529 Cyprus 627 Kuwait 786 Ecuador385 Croatia 530 Albania 628 Saudi Arabia 789 - 790 Brazil 387 BIH (Bosnia-Herzegovina) 531 MAC (FYR Macedonia) 629 Emirates 800 - 839 Italy 400 - 440 Germany 535 Malta 640 - 649 Finland 840 - 849 Spain 450 - 459 Japan 539 Ireland 690 - 695 China 850 Cuba460 - 469 Russia 540 - 549 Belgium & Luxembourg 700 - 709 Norway 858 Slovakia470 Kurdistan 560 Portugal 729 Israel 859 Czech471 Taiwan 569 Iceland 730 - 739 Sweden 860 YU (Serbia & Montenegro)474 Estonia 570 - 579 Denmark 740 Guatemala 865 Mongolia475 Latvia 590 Poland 741 El Salvador 867 North Korea476 Azerbaijan 594 Romania 742 Honduras 868 - 869 Turkey477 Lithuania 599 Hungary 743 Nicaragua 870 - 879 Netherlands478 Uzbekistan 600 - 601 South Africa 744 Costa Rica 880 South Korea479 Sri Lanka 603 Ghana 745 Panama 884 Cambodia480 Philippines 608 Bahrain 746 Dominican Republic 885 Thailand481 Belarus 609 Mauritius 750 Mexico 888 Singapore482 Ukraine 611 Morocco 754 - 755 Canada 890 India484 Moldova 613 Algeria 759 Venezuela 893 Vietnam485 Armenia 616 Kenya 760 - 769 Switzerland 899 Indonesia486 Georgia 618 Ivory Coast 770 Colombia 900 - 919 Austria487 Kazakhstan 619 Tunisia 773 Uruguay 930 - 939 Australia489 Hong Kong 621 Syria 775 Peru 940 - 949 New Zealand490 - 499 Japan 622 Egypt 777 Bolivia 955 Malaysia
958 Macau
XIII
Appendix 10. Marine Debris Survey Data, GSV and KI, 2010
(A)
(B)
Figure 14. Number of litter items collected from major litter categories per site (A) and total number of litter items with corresponding mass (kg) per site (B), for Gulf St. Vincent (blue bars) and Kangaroo Island (red bars), 2010.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Number of litter item
s / catego
ry
Site
Composite
Foam
Glass and ceramic
Material and clothing
Metal
Other
Paper and cardboard
Plastic
Rubber
Wood
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Victor Harbor East
Waitpinga
beach
Tunkalilla beach
Lands End
Morgan's beach
Rapid bay
Carackalinga
Willunga
Hallet C
ove
O' Sullivans beach
Tennyson
North Parham
Great Sandy beach
Tiddy Widdy beach
Mullowurtie Point
Black Point
Port Vincent Long beach
Stansbury back beach
Point H
icks
Wattle Bay
Kemps Bay
Bangalee beach
Chinamans A
Chinamans B
Cable Bay
Cape Spencer
American
beach
Point M
orrison
Red
Banks
Rocky Point
Bales Bay
Cape Gantheaum
e
Destrees Bay
Rocky River
Sandhurst beach
Sandy Creek beach
Vivonne
Bay
West Bay
Mass (kg)
Number of litter item
s
Site
Total number of items
Total mass (kg)
XIV
Appendix 10. Marine Debris Survey Data, GSV and KI, 2010
Figure 15. Total number of items and total mass (kg) of major litter types collected from 38 sites across Gulf St. Vincent and Kangaroo Island, June – September, 2010
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Mass (kg)
Number of litter item
s
Major litter category
Count
Mass (kg)
XV
Volunteer Checklist for Marine Debris Surveys
Volunteer registration form sent to Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural
Resources Management Board.
Copy of volunteer registration form to take on site with emergency phone contact
details for all members at site.
Marine Debris Sampling Equipment
Marine Debris Survey Information Guide with extra data sheets
Maps of transect site (Marine Debris Sampling Pack)
Marine Debris Sampling Kit/s
GPS unit or mobile phone with GPS application
2 garden stakes or ribbon to mark beginning and end of the sampling transect.
4 pegs for fragmented plastic sampling
Measuring tape
String
Sieve
Containers or bags for fragmented plastic
Tarpaulin
Gloves
Sharp knife
XVI
Camera
Pens, pencils
Permanent marker or labels to identify marine debris collection bags
Shovel
Personal Equipment
Appropriate clothing (long sleeves, a hat), footwear (sturdy shoes), and water-proof
outer garments for current weather conditions.
Personnel with First Aid training from a recognised training organisation.
First aid kit/s
Sunscreen
At least 2L of water
Sunglasses
Wet weather/ cold weather clothing
XVII
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Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board205 Greenhill RoadEastwood SA 5063Phone 08 8273 9100www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au